腹腔镜手术期间二氧化碳气腹对脑氧供的影响

目的：观察腹腔镜手术期间病人脑氧饱和度（ｒＳＯ２）、脉搏血氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）及动脉血二氧化碳分压（ＰａＣＯ２）、ｐＨ值和ＨＣＯ－３浓度等指标的变化，以了解二氧化碳气腹对病人脑氧供的影响。方法：选择行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人１５例，于气腹前、气腹后２０分钟及术毕３０分钟检测ｒＳＯ２、ＳｐＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、ｐＨ值和ＨＣＯ－３。结果：气腹后２０分钟ｒＳＯ２和ＰａＣＯ２增高（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），ｐＨ值降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＣＯ－３变化不明显。术毕３０分钟ｒＳＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２和ｐＨ值恢复至术前水平，ＳｐＯ２变化无临床意义。ＰａＣＯ２与ｒＳＯ２在气腹期间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：在腹腔镜手术期间，二氧化碳气腹不会对脑氧供产生不良影响。     

全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术中PetCO2,PaCO2,PvCO2的变化

报告６例全麻醉腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）患者ＣＯ２气腹前后ＰｅｔＣＯ２，ＰａＣＯ２，ＰｖＣＯ２的变化，全麻诱导后气腹前，气腹后５ｍｉｎ，１５ｍｉｎ及放气后即刻分别记录各监测值。结果显示，气腹后ＰｅｔＣＯ２，ＰａＣＯ２，ＰｖＣＯ２，ＶＤ／ＶＴ，ａ－ｅｔＣＯ２均显著升高，ＰｅｔＣＯ２与ＰａＣＯ２及ＰｖＣＯ２与ＰａＣＯ２在各时刻均显著相关，但气腹后ＰｅｔＣＯ２与ＰｖＣＯ２的相关性变化无规律，ＰｖＣＯ２及Ｐ     

低温体外循环心内直视手术麻醉期间脑氧供需平衡状况

心内直视手术３０例，通过监测脑氧饱和度、颈内静脉球部血氧饱和度以及动脉－颈内静脉血乳酸差值，综合分析心内直视手术期间脑氧供需平衡。结果：（１）在体外循环复温过程中，ｒＳＯ２及ＳｊＯ２均明显下降；（２）体外循环开始后，动脉血乳酸和颈内静脉血乳酸进行性增加，但在整个手术麻醉过程中ＡＶＤＬ均未见明显增加，提示：在低温体外循环手术麻醉过程中，复温期间有脑氧供需失衡的趋势，应加强监测，术中若维持ＰａＣＯ２４     

二氧化碳气腹时血液动力学和血浆心钠素的变化

目的 研究ＣＯ２气腹对血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、血液动力学和气道压力的影响。方法 腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）患者４２例，随机分成硫喷妥钠组（２５例）和异丙酚组（１７例）。在手术的不同阶段，抽取静脉血标本，用放射免疫法检测血浆中ＡＮＰ的浓度，同时记录心率、血压、血氧饮和度和气道压力的变化。结果 气腹后１０、３０分，两组ＡＮＰ浓度较麻醉前明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），气道压力则明显上升（Ｐ〈０．０１）。两者均在     

二氧化碳气腹不同压力对呼吸,循环,血气参数的影响

对腹腔镜胆囊切除（ＬＣ）患者１５０例随机分成Ａ组（气腹压力１．３￣１．９ｋＰａ）、Ｂ组（气腹压力２．０￣２．７ｋＰａ），观察不同气腹压力对呼吸、循环、血气各参数的变化。结果Ｂ组气腹后１５分ａｗ、ＰＥＴＣＯ２、ＳｐＯ２、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ｐＨ、ＰａＣＯ２、ＳａＯ２的变化明显，各参数与Ａ组比较相差显著及非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。提示ＬＣ时ＣＯ２气腹压力维持在１．３￣１．９ｋＰａ为宜，气腹压力超２     

腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症机体免疫,补体和甲状腺激素的变化

为探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症机体内环境的变化，通过分析研究２３例ＣＯ＿２气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症机体免疫、补体和甲状腺激素的变化。结果发现：气腹后二氧化碳分压〔ＰａＣＯ＿２）、标准碳酸盐（ＳＢＣ）、全血碱剩余（ＡＢＥ）和标准碱剩余（ＳＢＥ）显著高于手术前和手术后（Ｐ＜０．０１）。气腹后ＩｇＧ和可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）显著高于手术前（Ｐ＜０．０１），而补体ＣＩＣ显著低于术前（Ｐ＜０．０１）。气腹后甲状腺激素Ｔ３极显著高于手术前、后（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明：ＣＯ＿２气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症时机体甲状腺激素和体液免疫是增强的，细胞免疫以抑制为主，补体变化不显著。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO2气腹对血流动力学的影响

通过对１０例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者施以Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测，探讨ＣＯ２气腹对血流动力学的影响，于ＣＯ２充气前、充气后５ｍｉｎ，２０ｍｉｎ和放气后５ｍｉｎ时，分别测录血流动力学指标。结果表明，ＭＡＰ，ＣＶＰ，ＰＡＰ与ＰＣＷＰ于充气后５ｍｉｎ时，分别增加２８％，１７２％，８３％与１２１％，于充气后２０ｍｉｎ时，分别增加３２％，２０９％，１４７％与１７３％，与充气前相双，变化非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

经气管超声多普勒测定心排血量的临床应用及评价

心脏手术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）各２０例，术中采用ＴＴＤ连续监测ＣＯ；心脏手术病人术前行彩色超声（ＥＣＨＯ）测定主动脉直径（ＡＯＤ）并与ＴＴＤ测定的ＡＯＤ进行相关分析。结果：ＴＴＤ与ＥＣＨＯ的ＡＯＤ高度相关（ｒ＝０．９３，ｎ＝２０）；心脏手术病人ＣＯ在术毕明显增加，ＳＶＲ降低，ＣＶＰ和ＨＲ无显著变化；ＬＣ病人ＣＯ在气腹后１、５ｍｉｎ明显降低，ＳＶＲ在气腹后增加，ＭＡＰ在气腹后５、１０ｍｉｎ升高，     

腹腔镜下行胆囊切除CO_2气腹对酸碱血气的影响

腹腔镜下行胆囊切除ＣＯ＿２气腹对酸碱血气的影响李春军，马玉琴，方新萍，王忠ＬＣ２０例，用静脉复合气管内全身麻醉维持，以手法行扶助通气。Ｉ组１０例为单纯ＣＯ２气腹，Ⅱ组１０例为ＣＯ２气腹并静滴５％ＮａＨＣＯ３溶液。于诱导前、气腹后３０、６０ｍｉｎ取动脉...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与循环呼吸功能变化

腹腔镜胆囊切除术循环功能变化是ＣＯ２气腹后即时ＣＩ降低。头高位对循环影响，ＭＡＰ，ＳＶＲ升高。呼吸功能变化的胞肺顺应性、ＦＲＣ降低，ＰａＯ２无明显变化，ＳｖＯ２下降，ＰａＣＯ２增高。可发生通气障碍，节段性肺不张。ＡＳＡⅢ－Ⅳ病人强调监测ＣＩ，ＳｖＯ２，吸气平台压，ＰａＣＯ２。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.