大鼠脑突触质膜糖皮质激素受体的研究

用改进的蔗糖密度梯度超速离心法从大鼠脑匀浆物中制备出突触质膜，其中不含胞液成份，用放射配体结合法，以［￣３Ｈ］皮质酮作为标记配体测得突触质膜上有皮质酮特异结合部位，其结合的饱和曲线呈“Ｓ”形，用Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图呈一条向上凸的曲线，表明受体结合过程中有正协同作用，蛋白的结合容量（Ｒ０）为（４５０．２０±５８．６０）ｐｍｏｌ／ｇ，平衡解离常数（ｋｄ）为（１６０．２５±２８．２０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。取代结合实验表明，［￣３Ｈ］皮质酮结合部位有相当显著的配体结合特异性。按结合力大小排列为：醛固酮＞皮质酮≈皮质醇＞孕酮＞睾酮≈雌二醇＞地塞米松。结果提示脑突触质膜上存在糖皮质激素膜受体。     

21—氨基类固醇U72099E与大鼠突触质膜糖皮质激素受体的特异结合

应用放射配体结合法,比较了21-氨基类固醇U72099E在胞液、完整胸腺细胞及突触质膜中对标记糖皮质激素与其受体结合的竞争能力。结果显示,U72099E的竞争能力在胞液为零,在完整细胞较低,而在突触质膜非常高,提示质膜上存在U72099E的结合部位(很可能是糖皮质激素的膜受体)。U72099E在突触质膜的抑制常数Ki(32.16±1.65 μmol/L)与其模拟糖皮质激素对抗脑损伤的作用所需浓度相近,提示糖皮质激素膜受体可能介导U72099E的有益作用。     

21—氨基类固醇U72099E与大鼠突触质膜糖皮质激素受体的特异…

应用放射配体结合法，比较了２１－氨基类固醇Ｕ７２０９９Ｅ在胞液、完整胸腺细胞及突触质膜中对标记糖皮质激素与其受体结合的竞争能力。结果显示，Ｕ７２０９９Ｅ的竞争能力在胞液为零，在完整细胞较低，而在突触质膜非常高，提示质膜上存在Ｕ７２０９９Ｅ的结合部位（很可能是糖皮质激素的膜受体）。Ｕ７２０９９Ｅ在突触质膜的抑制常数Ｋｉ（３２．１６±１．６５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）与其模拟糖皮质激素对抗脑损伤的作用所需浓度相近     

脑内Glycine受体的结合特性与甾体激素相关性研究

目的研究甾体激素对脑内Glycine受体结合的影响。方法制备大鼠脑突触质膜,排除胞液污染,用放射配体结合的方法,以[3H]甘氨酸为标记配体。结果测出甘氨酸受体结合的饱和曲线,Scatchard作图为一条直线,结合容量Bmax为每毫克蛋白(26±4)pmol,平衡解离常数Kd为(173±15)nmol.L-1,士的宁取代实验显示:脑干部甘氨酸受体为士的宁敏感型,其余脑部为士的宁不敏感型。甾体激素取代实验显示:孕酮对甘氨酸受体的结合有快速的抑制作用。结论孕激素对甘氨酸受体的结合有影响。     

大鼠肝细胞质膜糖皮质激素结合位点的研究

分离大鼠肝细胞质膜级分中存在低亲和力的[~3H]皮质酮结合位点。利用LIGAND程序计算该结合的参数为:Kd=4.11±0.57μmol/L,B_(max)=68.87±4.64pmol/mg蛋白。5种甾体取代皮质酮特异性结合的能力依次为:孕酮≈地塞米松>RU26988>RU38486>17β雌二醇。置换实验显示低浓度的RU38486对[~3H]皮质酮的结合无抑制效应,当浓度达到[~3H]皮质酮的100～280倍时,才开始抑制[~3H]皮质酮的结合。     

去肾上腺大鼠肝胞液糖皮质激素受体测定

报告了以【~3H】地塞米松为配体的糖皮质激素肝胞波受体的放射配体结合测定法。所测得的地塞米松特异结合部位具有以下特点:①低容量,结合容量为264±50fmole/mg蛋白;②高亲和力,平衡解离常数为2.5±0.9×10~(-8)M;③与皮质激素结合的特异性;④除肝脏以外,还存在于胸腺、脑、肾等靶器官;⑤腹腔内注射氢化可的松所诱导的酪氨酸转氨酶的活性和特异结合部位在体内被占据的程度之间呈平行关系,因此具备了作为受体的条件。测定结果的重复性较好。简要地讨论了影响测定结果的因素。     

甾体激素对大鼠脑突触质膜上甘氨酸受体结合的影响

制备大鼠脑突触质膜，排除胞液污染，用放射配体结合的方法，以［３Ｈ］甘氨酸为标记配体。结果测得甘氨酸受体结合的饱和曲线，Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图为一条直线，结合容量Ｂｍａｘ为每ｍｇ蛋白（２６±４）ｐｍｏｌ，平衡解离常数Ｋｄ为（１７３±１５）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ；士的宁取代实验显示：脑干部甘氨酸受体为士的宁敏感型，余脑部为士的宁不敏感型。甾体激素取代实验提示：孕酮对甘氨酸受体的结合有快速的抑制作用。     

对氯苯丙氨酸对大鼠海马胞液皮质酮受体数量的影响

本实验以(~3H)皮质酮为配体,建立了去肾上腺大鼠海马胞液皮质酮受体的放射配体结合测定法,并对海马胞液皮质酮受体的结合特性以及对氯苯丙氨酸(pCPA)对皮质酮受体数量的影响进行了研究。测得的皮质酮受体具有可饱和性、有限的结合能力、高亲和力和高特异性的特征。Scatchard分析为一直线,表明测得的皮质酮受体是一个或一组kd值十分接近的受体。侧脑室注射pCPA 1mg4天后,海马5-HT含量明显降低,同时海马胞液皮质酮受体的最大结合客量(Bmax)显著升高,提示海马5-HT能神经元的功能性活动在控制海马胞液皮质酮受体数量的相对恒定中具有重要作用。     

甾体激素对大鼠脑突触质膜上甘氨酸受体结合的影响

制备大鼠脑突触质膜，排除胞液污染，用放射配体结合的方法，以〔＾３Ｈ〕甘氨酸为标记配体。结果测得甘氨酸受体结合的饱和曲线，Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图为一条直线，结合容量Ｂｍａｘ为每ｍｇ蛋白（２６±４）ｐｍｏｌ，平衡解离常数Ｋｄ为（１７３±１５）ｎｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ；士的宁取代实验显示：脑干部甘氨酸受体为士的宁敏感型，余脑部为士的宁不敏感型。甾体激素取代实验提示：孕酮对甘氨酸受体的结合有快速的抑制作用。     

梭曼对大鼠中枢M样受体发生直接作用吗?

应用放射配体受体结合试验观察梭曼对[~3H]QNB与大鼠脑组织匀浆和P_2膜制备结合的影响。结果显示,[~3H]QNB与P_2膜制备的结合具有受体与配体结合的典型特征:特异性与饱和性,其K_D=1.03nmol/L,B_(max)=0.16Pmol/mg蛋白,Hill系数~nH=1.0。对于[~3H]QNB与大鼠脑匀浆结合,梭曼在10~(-9)～10~(-7)mol/L浓度时对结合计数有轻度抑制,但没有实际意义,对于[~3H]QNB与大鼠脑组织P_2膜制备结合,梭曼在10~(-13)～10~(-3)mol/L范围内各浓度对结合计数均无明显影响。由此表明,梭曼对放射配体[~3H]QNB与大鼠中枢M-AChR的结合没有竞争抑制作用,从而说明梭曼不与大鼠中枢M-AChR发生直接作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.