Characteristics of 2 clinico-pathogenetic variants of the atopic form of bronchial asthma

IgE- and IgG-reagins were investigated in the sera of 120 patients with atopic bronchial asthma. Two clinicopathogenetic variants of disease were defined with relation to the genetic variants of disease were defined with relation to the main immunological mechanism: IgE-dependent (in 78 patients) and IgE-IgG-dependent (in 42 patients). Variations in a clinical picture, the results of specific allergological examination, the level of total serum IgE in different variants of the atopic form of bronchial asthma were established. Specific immunotherapy produced a good effect in the IgE-dependent variant. In the patients with the IgE-IgG-dependent variant specific immunotherapy with a house dust allergen proved to be ineffective in most cases.     

肠梗阻指数对于老年肠梗阻患者手术时机选择的临床意义

目的探讨肠梗阻指数对于老年肠梗阻患者治疗方式的指导价值。方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月航天中心医院与首都医科大学附属北京康复医院住院的老年性肠梗阻患者178例,对患者肠梗阻指数与临床特征,治疗方式及治疗效果的相关性进行分析。结果患者平均肠梗阻指数12.4分,中位12(3~22)分。手术治疗患者肠梗阻指数显著高于保守治疗患者,差异有显著性(P<0.001),手术治疗组≥10分患者93例(94.9%),保守治疗组≥10分患者44例(55.0%)。以10分作为判断手术标准,敏感性为94.9%,特异性为45.0%,阳性预测值67.8%,阴性预测值87.8%。以12分作为判断手术标准,敏感性为40.8%,特异性为82.5%,阳性预测值74.1%,阴性预测值53.2%。患者性别、年龄、肠梗阻病因分组中肠梗阻指数差异无显著性(P>0.05);而并存疾病及临床结局肠梗阻指数分布差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肠梗阻病因中,机械性肠梗阻142例(79.8%),>12分者51例(35.9%);并存疾病及死亡患者肠梗阻指数均显著升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。不同病因分组中,机械性肠梗阻患者手术治疗患者肠梗阻指数显著高于保守治疗组,差异有显著性(P<0.001),而其他病因差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论肠梗阻指数评分法对于老年肠梗阻患者手术时机的选择有一定的指导价值,可在全面评估、综合分析判断的基础上,决定是否手术治疗。     

Effectiveness of complex sanatorium-health resort rehabilitation of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases on the southern coast of Crimea

The paper is concerned with the results of a study of efficacy of rehabilitation of 1174 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases in sanatoria. On the basis of clinical criteria and the results of bicycle ergometry 4 clinicofunctional groups of patients were defined. A tactical approach to the differentiated use of different types of therapeutic, physical and psychic rehabilitation was worked out for these groups. An index method for assessment of the efficacy of rehabilitation based on 5 groups of symptoms was proposed. Therapeutic efficacy in different clinicofunctional groups varied from 89.6% in the 1st group to 71.8% in the 4th group; it was higher among the patients with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (from 89 to 98%) than among the patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma (from 70 to 80%).     

A randomized prospective trial comparing a defined formula diet, corticosteroids, and a defined formula diet plus corticosteroids in active Crohn's disease.

Although defined formula diets may be useful for initial episodes of Crohn's disease, the effects of these diets on subsequent attacks of Crohn's disease or in conjunction with corticosteroids are unknown. To evaluate these issues, we studied 27 patients in a randomized prospective trial. Ten patients received only prednisone (group I), nine received only a defined formula diet (Vital HN [high nitrogen]) (group II), and eight received a combination of prednisone and Vital HN (group III). At the time of entry into the study, the groups were similar with respect to age, sex, Crohn's Disease Activity Index, previous and current treatments, anatomic site of disease, and nutritional status. After 1 month of treatment, we noted seven successes (70%) and three failures in group I (prednisone only), three successes (33%) and six failures in group II (Vital HN only), and six successes (75%) and two failures in group III (combination therapy). Four patients randomized to receive only Vital HN were unable or unwilling to tolerate the defined formula diet. Of the five patients who were able to take the defined formula diet for 1 month, however, three (60%) were successfully treated. The patients who received prednisone (groups I and III) responded better than did the patients who received only the defined formula diet. These results may be attributable to the use of a nonelemental diet or the treatment of patients who were not experiencing an initial attack of Crohn's disease or who had previously received corticosteroids. The expensive and often poorly tolerated defined formula diets should not be considered as a substitute for standard therapy with corticosteroids in Crohn's disease.     

Prevention of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia using polymyxin aerosol as prophylaxis. II. Effect on the incidence of pneumonia in seriously ill patients.

All 744 patients admitted to a Respiratory-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (RSICU) were included in a prospective study of the effects of a polymyxin (2.5 mg/kg body wt/day in six divided doses) or a placebo aerosol sprayed into the posterior pharynx and tracheal tube (if present), during 11 alternating 2-mo treatment cycles. The incidence of upper airway colonization in the RSICU with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1.6% during the polymyxin treatment cycles (total 374 patients) and 9.7% during the placebo cycles (370 patients) (X2 equals 23.2, P less than 0.01). 3 patients in the RSICU acquired Pseudomonas pneumonia, as defined by independent "blinded" assessors, during the polymyxin cycles while 17 acquired a Pseudomonas pneumonia during the placebo cycles (X2 equals 10.2, P less than 0.01). The overall mortality was similar in both placebo and polymyxin-treated groups (12.2 vs. 12.0%). Systemic antibiotic usage was similar in the different cycles; 49% of patients in the placebo and 53% in the polymyxin-treated groups received systemic antibiotics while in the RSICU.     

Antibiotic use after cefuroxime prophylaxis in hip and knee joint replacement

The amount of additional antibiotics measured by defined daily dose (DDD) methods after 2651 hip and 362 knee replacements was assessed after prophylaxis with one or three doses (1502/1511 patients) of cefuroxime. No differences were observed between the two regimens with respect to total amount, type, indication, and duration of additional antibiotics. The incidence of joint sepsis did not differ significantly between the two trial arms, but the sample was too small for definite conclusions. There were 11.4 DDD/100 bed days of additional antibiotics used in 21% of patients after hip replacement and 15.7 DDD/100 bed days in 31% after knee replacement. For wound problems, 3.8 and 6.9 DDD/100 bed days were given in the hip- and knee-replacement groups. For distant infection, 6.5 DDD/100 bed days was administered in both groups. Duration of therapy varied only in relation to indication. Prescribed were penicillins (43% to 50%), sulfonamides (18%), cephalosporins (10% to 16%), and nitrofurantoin (8% to 13%); drug use was related to the type of infection.     

糖尿病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）水平与动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法：将141例T2DM患者具有大血管危险因素的数量分为三组，以颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）反应动脉粥样硬化程度，并测定患者血清CRP、血脂水平和胰岛素抵抗相关指标。结果：具有3或4个危险因素即患者体重指数（BMI）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、血清甘油三酯（TG）和hs—CRP水平，较具有其中1或2个危险因素患者的水平高。随着危险因素增多，3个组颈动脉IMT依次为0．68mm、0．82mm、0．97mm；颈动脉斑块检出率依次为12．5％、24．1％、42．9％。颈动脉IMT随着危险因素的增加而显著增加，斑块检出率未见显著差异。颈动脉IMT与收缩压、HOMA—IR、hs—CRP呈显著正相关。CRP与HOMA—IR、BMI及TG呈显著正相关。经多元线形回归分析认为，hs—CRP和HOMA—IR是颈动脉IMT的独立危险因素。结论：T2DM患者血清hs—CRP水平与胰岛素抵抗和颈动脉IMT程度呈显著相关，hs-CRP是颈动脉IMT增厚的一个独立危险因素。     

颈动脉窦粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性

背景:颈动脉内中膜厚度可用作冠状动脉粥样硬化的替代指标,但它与冠状动脉事件的关系尚未得到充分研究。目的:探讨颈动脉内中膜厚度在预测冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及其程度中的价值。设计:病例分析。单位:解放军总医院心内科。对象:实验于2000-01/2002-01在解放军总医院完成。将285例可疑冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者按造影结果分为0支组,1支组,2支组,3支组4组,年龄33～74岁,平均(54.48±9.44)岁,其中男164例,女121例。方法:①测量体质量、身高,计算体质量指数(BMI)=体质量(kg)/身高(m)2。②测量卧位左臂血压。③采静脉血检测血脂。④用高分辨率B型超声,10MHz线性探头检测颈总动脉,颈内动脉,颈外动脉和颈动脉窦。将颈动脉内中膜厚度≥1.0mm定义为颈动脉粥样硬化。用标准的Judkins技术作冠状动脉造影。根据管腔狭窄≥50%的病变血管支数将冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的程度记录为0,1,2,3。左主干狭窄≥50%定义为2支病变,左主干合并右冠病变定义为3支病变。主要观察指标:①不同冠状动脉病变程度患者不同测量位点的内中膜厚度。②冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病严重程度的预测因子。③颈动脉不同位点内中膜厚度值对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的预测价值。④不同危险因子与内中膜厚度的关系。结果:285例患者全部完成实验进入结果分析。①不同冠状动脉病变程度患者不同测量位点的内中膜厚度经卡方检验,左、右颈动脉窦的F值最大,分别为65.64和63.24。左、右颈动脉窦的内中膜厚度值随冠状动脉病变程度的加重而增厚。②对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病严重程度的预测因子进行回归分析表明,男性、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、左颈动脉窦、右颈动脉窦、右颈内动脉、右颈外动脉的内中膜厚度为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病严重程度的独立预测因子。左颈动脉窦和右颈动脉窦是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的最重要的预测因子(t=3.61,P=0.391;t=2.58,P=0.247)。③颈动脉不同位点内中膜厚度值对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的预测价值中左右颈动脉窦的阳性预测值最高,分别为是89.9%,88.8%。④对不同危险因子与内中膜厚度的关系行多元回归分析,其结果是:年龄,体质量指数,胆固醇,三酰甘油,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是左颈动脉窦处动脉粥样硬化的危险因子。结论:颈动脉窦内中膜厚度与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病程度明显相关。二者有共同的病理与血液动力学基础。颈动脉窦内中膜厚度可以作为筛选冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的指标。     

The impact of multidrug resistance on the outcomes of critically ill patients with Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria is on the rise, but its effect on patient outcomes is not well established. The outcomes of 129 adult surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients treated for Gram-negative pneumonia were evaluated in relation to demographics, bacterial etiology, and infections due to MDR bacteria (defined as resistant to all agents except for aminoglycosides and polymyxins). The mean (SD) age and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores were 63.8 (14.6) years and 20.8 (8.2), respectively. Forty-one patients (31.8%) were infected with MDR bacteria. Infection-attributed mortality was associated with baseline APACHE II scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.093; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.029-1.162), MDR (OR 4.628; 95% CI 1.533-13.973), and infection with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (OR 13.465; 95% CI 2.896-62.614). In SICU patients with Gram-negative pneumonia, MDR was associated with a higher rate of infection-attributed mortality, after adjusting for the severity of illness. Our results warrant further investigations with a prospective study.     

Prevention of pneumonia in an intensive care unit: a randomized multicenter clinical trial. Intensive Care Unit Group of Infection Control

In a randomized multicenter clinical trial on antibiotic prophylaxis, 1,319 patients in 23 ICUs were enrolled over a 4-month period. The end-point of the study was the prevention of early onset pneumonia (EOP), defined as acquired pneumonia diagnosed within 4 days of ICU admission; this accounted for greater than 50% of overall pneumonia. Patients eligible for the study were divided into three groups which received either cefoxitin (2 g iv for three doses/8 h), penicillin G (2 million U iv for four doses/6 h), or no antibiotic (control group). In the overall population, the incidence of EOP was 6.1% in the prophylaxis recipients vs. 7.2% in the control group (a 15.3% reduction). No statistically different rates of pneumonia or death were found among the groups. Patients with impaired reflexes on admission or prolonged ventilatory support were noted to have a lower incidence of EOP and an improved outcome when treated with cefoxitin.     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值及单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值在多发性骨髓瘤患者中的预后意义

目的:研究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析甘肃省人民医院收治的初发MM患者82例,根据血常规结果分别计算出NLR、MLR;根据患者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分别确定NLR和MLR的最佳截断点,将患者分为高NLR组、低NLR组和高M...     

Relation between Spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Vulnerability in Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Pattern

An intracavitary electrophysiological study was carried out on 103 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), 23 symptomatic patients had documented episodes of atrial fibrillation, 54 symptomatic patients had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias, and 26 asymptomatic. Patients were examined for the relation between spontaneous atrial fibrillation and atrial vulnerability, defined as the possibility to induce sustained (greater than 1 minute) episodes of atrial fibrillation with a stimulation protocol excluding atrial bursts. Atrail fibrillation induction was attempted by single and double atrial extrastimuli during pacing at two different cycle lengths and incremental atrial pacing. Sustained atrail fibrillation was induced in 65% of the patients with spontaneous atrial fibrillation, and in 13% of the symptomatic patients with documented episodes of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias and in 15% of the asymptomatic patients (P less than 0.0005). Atrial vulnerability was higher in patients with spontaneous atrial fibrillation than in patients without this arrhythmia. No significant difference was observed between symptomatic without atrial fibrillation and asymptomatic patients.     

Re-evaluation of solute transport groups using the peritoneal equilibration test.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the previously described peritoneal equilibration test (PET)-determined solute transport groups, as defined by Twardowski, fit our patient population. DESIGN: We reviewed the 195 initial standardized PETs (on 195 patients) performed through our peritoneal dialysis program since 1989. Using the method originally defined by Twardowski using the means and standard deviations of the PET-determined dialysis/plasma ratio (D/P) of creatinine and dialysate-to-0 hour dialysate (D/D0) glucose values, transport groupings for our patient population were determined. Comparisons were then made between patient populations. RESULTS: The mean 4-hour D/P creatinine in our patients was 0.70 +/- 0.10. This compares to a mean of 0.65 +/- 0.15 as determined by Twardowski, and indicates that our patients have higher mean solute transport characteristics and tighter ranges within transport groups than previously reported. Only 2% of our patients fell into the previously described low (L) range, with 30% low average (LA), 51% high average (HA), and 17% high (H). Using our data, we would redefine the groups by a 4-hour D/P creatinine as L < 0.60, LA = 0.60-0.70, HA = 0.70-0.80, and HA > 0.80. Using these values, our population fits a Gaussian distribution with 17% L, 31% LA, 33% HA, and 19% H. CONCLUSION: Our patients have higher mean solute transport and tighter ranges within transport groups than previously reported. Using the previously defined PET-determined transport groupings, low transporters are particularly underestimated. If our population data are representative of the peritoneal dialysis population as a whole, these ranges should be redefined.     

A multicenter,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily losartan 100 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg in the treatment of moderate-to-severe essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: Many patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension require multiple drug therapy to achieve blood-pressure goals. Fixed-dose combination therapy with losartan and hydrochlorothiazide may be useful in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to obtain additional data on the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of once-daily, fixed-dose combinations of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Patients > or = 21 years of age with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension, defined as a mean trough sitting diastolic blood pressure (SiDBP) of 105 to 115 mm Hg, were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive losartan 100 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (L100/25), losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (L50/12.5), or placebo (PBO) once daily for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy measurement was the mean change from baseline in trough SiDBP in the L100/25 versus L50/12.5 treatment groups. Responders were defined as patients with mean trough SiDBP <90 mm Hg or a > or = 10-mm Hg decrease in mean trough SiDBP. RESULTS: A total of 446 patients were randomly assigned to receive L100/25 (n = 173), L50/12.5 (n = 184), or PBO (n = 89). At week 8, mean trough SiDBP was significantly lower than at baseline in the L100/25 (-17.5 mm Hg), L50/12.5 (-15.2 mm Hg), and PBO groups (-8.5 mm Hg) (all P < 0.001). The difference between the active-treatment groups was statistically significant (-2.2 mm Hg; 95% Cl, range -3.8 to -0.6) (P = 0.006), as was the difference between the L100/25 and PBO groups (-9.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, range -I1.0 to -7.0) (P < 0.001) and the L50/12.5 and PBO groups (-6.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, range -8.7 to -4.8) (P < 0.001). At week 8, the percentages of responders were 86.7% (144 of 166), 78.9% (142 of 180), and 50.0% (42 of 84) in the L100/25, L50/12.5, and PBO groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse experiences (AEs) was 34.7% (60 of 173) in the L100/25 group, 23.9% (44 of 184) in the L50/12.5 group, and 32.6% (29 of 89) in the PBO group. The incidence of drug-related AEs was similar among the treatment groups (L100/25, 7.5% [13 of 173]; L50/12.5, 7.1% [13 of 184]; and PBO, 11.2% [10 of 89]). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the once-daily, fixed-dose combination L50/12.5 in patients with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension. In this study, L100/25 provided additional anti-hypertensive efficacy beyond that of L50/12.5 (and both were more efficacious than PBO). Approximately 4 of 5 patients (78.9%) treated with L50/12.5 responded to therapy, as did nearly 9 of 10 patients (86.7%) treated with L100/25. The tolerability profiles of L50/12.5 and L100/25 were similar to that of PBO.     

Patient classification as an outlier detection problem: an application of the One-Class Support Vector Machine

Pattern recognition approaches, such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), have been successfully used to classify groups of individuals based on their patterns of brain activity or structure. However these approaches focus on finding group differences and are not applicable to situations where one is interested in accessing deviations from a specific class or population. In the present work we propose an application of the one-class SVM (OC-SVM) to investigate if patterns of fMRI response to sad facial expressions in depressed patients would be classified as outliers in relation to patterns of healthy control subjects. We defined features based on whole brain voxels and anatomical regions. In both cases we found a significant correlation between the OC-SVM predictions and the patients' Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), i.e. the more depressed the patients were the more of an outlier they were. In addition the OC-SVM split the patient groups into two subgroups whose membership was associated with future response to treatment. When applied to region-based features the OC-SVM classified 52% of patients as outliers. However among the patients classified as outliers 70% did not respond to treatment and among those classified as non-outliers 89% responded to treatment. In addition 89% of the healthy controls were classified as non-outliers.     

Stem cell factor and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor as candidates for tumour markers for non-small-cell lung cancer.

We have investigated the serum level of stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in relation to a control group and commonly accepted tumour markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1). Additionally, we have defined the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve of SCF and GM-CSF in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The serum levels of cytokines were measured in 50 patients with NSCLC and in 20 healthy subjects. SCF and GM-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CYFRA 21-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay and CEA by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. There were significant increases in circulating SCF and GM-CSF in the lung cancer patients compared to the control group. The diagnostic sensitivity of GM-CSF was higher (70%) than the sensitivity of CEA (62%) and CYFRA 21-1 (51%). The diagnostic specificity of GM-CSF was lower (65%) than SCF specificity (70%), but the GM-CSF predictive values were higher in relation to the predictive values of SCF. These results suggest a potential role of SCF and GM-CSF as tumour markers for NSCLC.     

The prevalence of urinary tract infection in patients related to type of drainage bag

The prevalence of urinary tract infection in patients catheterised inside the hospital was studied in relation to the type of drainage bag used. Five hundred and thirty-two adult patients of both sexes were studied in three groups consisting of (1) open drainage system with an infection incidence of 38.9%; (2) closed system with 25.1%; and (3) the closed system plus the addition of chlorhexidine with 15% infection. The overall incidence of infection was 29.8%. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the second group (p less than 0.01), the first and the third group (p less than 0.01), but none between the second and third groups (p greater than 0.01). The incidence was higher in women than in men (p less than 0.01), but only in the age group greater than or equal to 60 (p less than 0.01). The index of medical patients was significantly higher than in urological patients (p less than 0.05), while there was no statistical significance between surgical and urological patients (p greater than 0.1). The highest prevalence of infection in the three groups occurred on the seventh day. Gram-negative bacteria were 63.3%, Gram-positive 10.1% and fungi 26.6%.     

院内发生器官功能衰竭对老年急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响——附2 535例病例分析

目的 比较不同年龄老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者住院发生心、肺、肾器官功能衰竭等严重并发症情况及其对近期预后的影响.方法 对2 535例老年AMI住院患者按年龄、住院期间预后分别分组,回顾分析各组并发症的发生率.结果 ①与60～79岁组(老年组)AMI患者相比,≥80岁组(高龄组)住院病死率显著升高(22.75%(326/422)比12.26%(1 854/2 113),X2=42.15,P<0.01].②老年死亡组(259例)并发心源性休克(44.0%)、心功能Killp Ⅱ～Ⅲ级(28.2%)、呼吸衰竭(14.3%)、脑卒中(11.2%)、肾衰竭(11.2%)、心律失常(49.8%)、贫血(14.7%)的发生率均高于存活组(1 854例,分别为27.1%、17.4%、7.5%、4.5%、4.5%、40.3%、9.1%,均P<0.01);两组间消化道出血(5.8%比3.9%)和肺感染(24.7%比20.2%)发生率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).高龄死亡组(96例)并发心源性休克(28.1%)、心功能KillpⅡ～Ⅲ级(32.3%)、呼吸衰竭(17.7%)、肾衰竭(16.7%)、消化道出血(10.4%)、心律失常(49.O%)、贫血(21.9%)的发生率均高于存活组(326例,分别为12.9%、21.2%、9.2%、5.2%、2.1%、35.OH、10.1%,P<0.05或P<0.01);两组间脑卒中(11.4%比5.8%)和肺感染(32.3%比23.3%)发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).③老年死亡组和存活组患者住院并发症种类前4位均为心律失常、心源性休克、心功能KillpⅡ～Ⅲ级、肺感染;而高龄死亡组和存活组患者住院并发症种类前4位依次为心律失常、肺感染、心功能KillpⅡ～Ⅲ级、心源性休克.高龄死亡组患者住院期间心源性休克发生率低于老年死亡组(28.1%比44.0%,P<0.01),但猝死率显著高于老年死亡组(22.92%比7.34%,P<0.01).结论 高龄AMI患者住院病死率升高,器官功能衰竭发生率明显增多;其中心律失常是老年和高龄AMI患者首要的并发症.对于老年患者,应高度重视心源性休克的发生和救治,而对于高龄AMI患者,更需警惕和预防猝死的发生.     

Physical impairment,depressive symptoms and pre-stroke fatigue are related to fatigue in the acute phase after stroke

Purpose.?The aim of this study was to describe prevalence of fatigue and its relationship with demographic and clinical variables during the first 2 weeks (acute phase) following a stroke.

Method.?Data were collected in a cross-sectional correlational study from face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and patient's medical records. The sample consists of 115 patients with first-ever stroke admitted to two hospitals in Norway in 2007 and 2008. Post-stroke fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The FSS measure was applied in the analysis as a continuous variable, and also used to categorise patients into three groups of fatigue intensity: no fatigue (mean FSS-score <4), moderate fatigue (mean FSS-score?=?4–4.9) and severe fatigue (mean FSS-score?≥5). Patients who reported fatigue lasting longer than 3 months before the stroke were defined as having prestroke fatigue.

Results.?Pre-stroke fatigue was reported by 34 patients (30%). After stroke, 24% had severe fatigue, and fatigue was more common for women (57%). Controlling for sex and prestroke fatigue, the multivariate analysis showed that prestroke fatigue, lower physical function and depressive symptoms were related to post-stroke fatigue.

Conclusion.?Pre-stroke fatigue and fatigue during the acute phase needs to be assessed in relation to physical functioning and depression during recovery and the rehabilitation process.     

室壁径向应力-中层径向缩短关系对高血压不同左心室构型心肌收缩力的研究

目的　应用室壁中层径向缩短率 (mFs)、室壁中层径向缩短率与收缩末期径向室壁应力关系(mFs cEss)指标探讨原发性高血压不同左室构型心肌收缩力情况。方法　在二维图像指导的M型测值下 ,计算 115例原发性高血压患者 4种构型及正常对照组 2 9例的射血分数 (EF)、收缩末期径向室壁应力(cEss)、短轴缩短率 (Fs)及mFs ,对有关参数进行t检验、直线相关分析、直线回归分析及多元回归分析。结果　EF、短轴缩短率与收缩末期径向室壁应力关系 (Fs cEss)评价高血压 4种左室构型患者的心室排空功能 ,除离心性肥厚者外 ,其余 3种构型存在高估现象。mFs评估高血压 4种构型患者的心肌收缩力时 ,发现其均值均小于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,以向心性构型尤其向心性肥厚者为甚 ;mFs cEss关系估测心肌收缩力时 ,60 .3 %向心性肥厚者、3 8.5 %向心性构型者的回归点落于对照组 95 %回归区间下限外。结论mFs ,mFs cEss能敏感地反映高血压不同左室构型的心肌收缩力情况