中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点分析

目的分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点。方法收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构一非结构蛋白VP3-VPl-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点。结果42株HAV病毒株在VPl-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89．1％～100％和97．3％～100％;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87．6％～100％和98．8％～100％。VPl-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸同源性为98．4％～100％,0～2个氨基酸位点不同。本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异。结论42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型。本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异。VPl-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守。     

无菌性脑膜炎暴发中柯萨奇B3病毒的基因特征分析

目的 明确2008年山东省临沂市郯城县无菌性脑膜炎暴发的病原,对分离到的柯萨奇B3病毒的基因特征、遗传变异规律及进化来源进行分析.方法 采集暴发病例的粪便、脑脊液标本,应用RD、Hep-2细胞进行病毒分离;阳性分离物分别采用中和试验、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和核苷酸序列测定方法进行定型,最后与GenBank中检索到的其他CVB3毒株进行同源性分析,并构建VP1完整编码区亲缘进化树研究其遗传进化规律.结果 共采集22份粪便和120份脑脊液标本,分离到病毒35株,经鉴定34株为CVB3,1株为ECH030.34株CVB3分离株VP1区部分序列(381 bp)核苷酸同源性为90.5%～100%,氨基酸同源性为98.4%～100%;与Nancy原型株的核苷酸同源性为79.5%～81.6%,氨基酸同源性为98.4%～99.2%.012/2008TC/SD/CHN和177/2008TC/SD/CHN与安徽2008年分离的Fuyang19株同源性最高,核苷酸同源性分别为98.2%和91.0%,氨基酸同源性分别为99.2%和98.9%;进化树分析显示,中国大陆分离株独处一支,且呈单源性发生关系.结论 此次脑膜炎暴发的病原是CVB3.它与其他的中国分离株同源性高,与国外分离到的CVB3具有不同的基因特征.     

中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点分析

目的 分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点.方法 收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构-非结构蛋白VP3-VP1-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点.结果 42株HAV病毒株在VP1-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.1%～100%和97.3%～100%;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87.6%～100%和98.8%～100%.VP1-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸同源性为98.4%～100%,0～2个氨基酸位点不同.本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异.结论 42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型.本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异.VP1-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守.     

中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点分析

目的 分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点.方法 收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构-非结构蛋白VP3-VP1-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点.结果 42株HAV病毒株在VP1-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.1%～100%和97.3%～100%;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87.6%～100%和98.8%～100%.VP1-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸同源性为98.4%～100%,0～2个氨基酸位点不同.本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异.结论 42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型.本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异.VP1-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守.     

广州地区HCMV低传代临床病毒株UL143基因的多态性研究

目的研究广州地区人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）临床低传代分离株UL143基因的多态性。方法对3株经多重PCR鉴定的HCMV临床低传代分离株进行HCMV UL143基因全序列扩增，扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上测序，并将其序列与GenBank中公布的其它临床分离株UL143基因一起进行分析。结果D3株UL143基因因碱基缺失形成多处终止密码无法产生有功能的蛋白；Toledo株UL143基因开放读码框由279个核苷酸组成．编码蛋白由92个氨基酸残基组成：其它临床分离株UL143基因开放读码框均由252个核苷酸组成。DNA序列比较保守，变异均为碱基替换。编码蛋白由83个氨基酸残基组成，氨基酸序列也很保守，不同临床分离株氨基酸变异率为1．2％-2．4％：HCMV UL143蛋白翻译后修饰位点在除Toledo株之外的所有分离株中均高度保守．没有缺失或新增；不同临床分离株UL143蛋白二级结构有所不同；除Toledo株外，其余分离株UL143蛋白的等电点均为8．75。结论临床低传代分离株HCMV UL143基因DNA及其编码产物的氨基酸序列极为保守。但仍存在一定多态性。     

北京地区新近报道的人Boca病毒VP1、VP2蛋白编码区基因序列分析

目的了解北京地区新近报道的人Boca病毒（human bocavirus，HBoV）主要结构蛋白编码区基因的特征。方法选择已经过初步研究证明为HBoV NP1基因检测为阳性的2份临床标本BJ3064、BJ3722。应用针对HBoV VP1蛋白编码区基因的PCR引物进行扩增，对所获得的PCR扩增产物直接进行核苷酸序列测定。将所测到的序列与GenBank中的基因序列进行比较分析和种系进化分析。结果从标本BJ3064及BJ3722中扩增得到HBoV VP1蛋白编码区全基因的PCR扩增产物为2016bp，编码671个氨基酸。VP2蛋白是在不改变开放性读码框架（ORF）的情况下，由VP1蛋白编码区内起始合成，并与VP1终止于同一终止密码子，长度为1629bp，编码542个氨基酸。与HBoV原型株ST1、ST2株相比较，BJ3064、BJ3722的VP1及VP2蛋白无论是核苷酸水平还是氨基酸水平的同源性均超过98％，但与同属细小病毒的BPV及MVC相应位置的序列相比较，同源性较低，其中核苷酸序列同源性低于60％，而氨基酸序列同源性低于50％。VP1及VP2蛋白的编码区基因进化分析显示。BJ3064、BJ3722与ST2之间进化关系较ST1更密切。在BJ3064、BJ3722的VP1蛋白中，也存在类似于MVC的保守性磷酸酯酶A2特异性位点的活性基序（HDXXY）及Ca^2＋结合位点。结论已得到HBoV的结构蛋白VP1和VP2的全基因，将为儿科急性呼吸道感染中该病毒的病原作用、地位及其在各年龄组人群中的血清学特征的深入研究打下坚实的基础。     

手足口病例中埃克病毒11型河南株分子流行病学研究

目的分析埃克病毒11型（ Echo11）河南分离株的分子流行病学特征。方法对2010-2012年河南手足口病监测系统中采集的粪便标本,采用RD、Hep2细胞进行病毒分离,对阳性分离物进行VP1区扩增、测序,生物学软件分析测序结果,BLAST比对后确定病毒基因型;扩增10株Echo11河南分离株VP1完整编码区序列,与国内外其他Echo11病毒株进行同源性分析并构建VP1区全基因亲缘进化树,分析其进化来源及不同基因型的流行范围。结果2010-2012年河南手足口病标本共分离出184株非EV71/CA16型肠道病毒,其中Echo1110株,占5．43％。 Echo11河南株VP1区全长共876个核苷酸,编码292个氨基酸;10株Echo11河南株VP1区之间核苷酸同源性为93．1％～100％,氨基酸同源性为97．3％～100％;与原型Gregory株之间核苷酸同源性为77．8％～78．8％,氨基酸同源性为90．8％～91．8％。结论 Echo11也是引起河南省手足口病的主要病原体,河南省存在Echo11病毒A基因型的流行。     

我国新分离盖塔病毒的部分基因组分子特征研究

目的 通过分子生物学方法研究我国山东省2008年分离的盖塔病毒(DY0824)基因组分子生物学特征.方法 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增出结构区基因和3' UTR片段,连接到载体中进行序列测定,然后用Clustal X1.83和MegaAlign软件对测定的核苷酸和推测的氨基酸序列进行比较分析,用Mega4软件绘制系统发生树.结果 DY0824病毒株衣壳蛋白由804个核苷酸组成,编码268个氨基酸,与国内外其他分离株的核苷酸同源性为95.4%～99.9%,氨基酸同源性为97.4%～100%.E2蛋白全长1266个核苷酸,编码422个氨基酸,与其他株的核苷酸同源性为94.8%～99.5%,氨基酸同源性为97.6%～100%.该病毒3' UTR由401个核苷酸组成,存在3个重复序列.结论 山东省新分离盖塔病毒衣壳蛋白和E蛋白基国与该病毒原型分离株相比分别存在7个和10个氨基酸差异位点,病毒3'UTR区域存在多个核苷酸差异位点.     

人巨细胞病毒UL136基因在临床低传代分离株中多态性分析

目的 研究人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus，HCMV)UL136基因在临床低传代分离株中的多态性，探讨其多态性与HCMV先天性感染不同致病性之间的关系。方法 对48株经荧光定量PCR方法检测HCMV DNA为阳性的临床低传代分离株进行HCMV ULl36全序列PCR扩增，对于扩增阳性的12株PCR产物进行ULl36基因全序列测定及结果分析。结果 48株临床低传代分离株ULl36 PCR扩增，12株阳性，阳性率25％，以HCMV Toledo株作为参考株，进行序列比较分析表明，12株临床分离株ULl36开放阅读框架(open reading frame，ORF)长度均与Toledo株相同，为723bp，编码241个氨基酸的蛋白。DNA序列变异均为碱基替换，不同临床分离株ULl36基因与Toledo株进行同源性比较，结果在核苷酸水平为97．7％～99．3％，氨基酸水平为96．6％～99．1％。ULl36编码蛋白的氨基酸变异率为0．83％～3．3％。二级结构预测分为两种构象。大多数HCMV ULl36蛋白翻译后修饰位点在所有分离株中均高度保守，仅几个位点在一些分离株中存在缺失或新增。Toledo株及12株临床分离株核苷酸及氨基酸序列系统进化树分析表明：45J最接近Toledo株。结论 12株临床低传代分离株HCMV ULl36基因DNA及其编码产物的氨基酸序列比较保守，但仍存在一定多态性。未发现不同临床分离株ULl36基因多态性与HCMV先天性感染的表现关系。     

北京地区Noro病毒主要衣壳蛋白编码基因的序列分析

目的 确定从北京地区婴幼儿腹泻标本中检测到的3株Noro病毒的基因型别及主要衣壳蛋白（VP1）编码基因的特点。方法 从经酶免疫分析法筛选到的Noro病毒阳性的粪便标本中应用RT-PCR方法扩增Noro病毒VP1全基因，克隆到pBS-T载体中并测定核苷酸序列，与GenBank中的其他Noro病毒VP1基因序列进行比较和分析。结果 经过扩增和测序，标本CR2905、CR2932和CR2987的VP1基因全长分别为1620bp、1623bp和1647bp，编码不同大小的蛋白。CR2905和CR2932与GⅡ-4型的氨基酸同源性在80％以上，属于Noro病毒GⅡ基因组（Genogroup）的GⅡ-4型（Geno．type）；CR2987与GⅡ-3型的氨基酸同源性在80％以上，属于Noro病毒GⅡ基因组的GⅡ-3型。CR2905、CR2932与其他GⅡ-4型的变异性在9．1％至12．5％之间，提示为新的变异株。结论 北京地区婴幼儿中存在不同基因型别的Noro病毒的感染，根据基因的同源性分析，CR2905、CR2932可能为GⅡ-4型的新的变异株。     

Generation of an infectious cDNA of a highly cardiovirulent coxsackievirus B3(CVB3m) and comparison to other infectious CVB3 cDNAs

An infectious cDNA of a highly myocarditic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3_m; Nancy strain) was cloned. Sequence data revealed 43 extra non-viral nucleotides upstream of the initial 5′ sequence. However, the authentic 5′ end sequence was maintained during replication of viral RNA transfected into HeLa cells, suggesting the RNA synthesizing complex edits the picornaviral 5′ terminus sequence. Nucleotide sequences of the 5′ nontranslated region and the capsid protein gene sequence of CVB3_m were compared with the published sequences of five other CVB3 Nancy strains and two main lineages were found. In comparative assays for cardiovirulence, three of four CVB3 tested were cardiovirulent in adolescent male CD-1 mice. Only one of the three available CVB3 strains was neutralized with several anti-CVB3_m monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that mutations in the surface epitopes of the capsid polypeptides contribute to antigenic drift within the serotype, perhaps in part through immunoselective pressures. Thus, phenotypic diversity of CVB3 within the prototype Nancy strain is an example of RNA viruses adapting to changing environments (cells, mice and humans) through mutations and selective pressure.     

Cloning and Nucleotide Analysis of Segment A Gene of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Detected in Korea

A strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was detected from bursal tissues of chicks which suffered from infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Chinju, Korea and provisionally named as Chinju strain. A full-length cDNA clone for segment A gene of the virus was constructed, and complete nucleotide sequence of the gene including noncoding region was determined and analyzed by comparison with that of other IBDV strains. The segment A gene of Chinju strain consisted of 3,269 nucleotides including 862 adenine (26.4%), 917 cytosine (28.0%), 854 guanine (26.1%) and 636 thymine (19.5%). There were regions for two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 encoding the VP5 with ATG codon at nucleotides 98–100 and ORF2 encoding the polyprotein of VP2, VP4 and VP3 in the nucleotides 132–3,170. In deduced translation the ORF2 encoded 1,012 amino acids. The full nucleotide sequence of segment A gene and amino acid sequence of ORF2 of the Chinju strain showed 98–99% homology with those of the very virulent IBDVs (vvIBDVs) such as HK46, OKYM, UK661, UPM97/61, D6948 and BD3/99. In phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the Chinju strain was also related closely to the vvIBDVs. Hence, it was suggested that the Chinju strain is a vvIBDV. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Chinju strain with pertinent information can be useful for the development of genetically engineered vaccines and diagnostic reagents against vvIBDV.     

Genome of coxsackievirus B3

The entire nucleotide sequence of the coxsackievirus B3 strain Nancy (CB3) genome has been determined from cDNA. The genome is 7396 nucleotides long, and encodes a 2185 amino acid long polyprotein. It exhibits the same gene organization as other enterovirus genomes. A detailed comparison was carried out between the proteins encoded by the CB3 and poliovirus type 1 strain Mahoney (PV1) genomes. The genes encoding the VPg polypeptide and the viral polymerase are the most conserved regions. The structural polypeptides VP1, VP2, and VP3 are less well conserved although proline and tryptophan residues frequently are found in identical positions. The VP1 protein of CB3 shows a particularly limited homology in those regions which have been found to induce neutralizing antibodies against PV1. The 5' noncoding region of CB3 is closely related to that of PV1, with regard to both length and sequence organization, whereas the 3' noncoding region of CB3 exhibits some unique features.     

Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding VP4 of a Bovine Group C Rotavirus: Molecular Evidence for a New P Genotype

Nucleotide sequence of the bovine group C rotavirus Shintoku strain gene 3 was determined. Segment 3 is 2253 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a long open reading frame (ORF) beginning at nt 22 and terminating at nt 2223. This ORF encodes a polypeptide of 733 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83 kDa. The deduced gene 3 amino acid sequence shares 79% and 73% identities with VP4 of the porcine Cowden and human Bristol strains, respectively. Lack of high amino acid sequence homology in VP4 of bovine, porcine, and human group C rotaviruses indicates that the Shintoku strain represents a new P genotype.     

Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Summary.  The nucleotide sequences of the genome segment A and B encoding the precursor polyprotein (NH₂-VP2-VP4-VP3-COOH) and VP1 were determined for a highly virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The precursor polyprotein and VP1 coding regions of highly virulent OKYM strain consisted of 3 039 nucleotides (1 012 deduced amino acids) and 2 640 nucleotides (879 deduced amino acids), respectively. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the highly virulent IBDV (HV-IBDV) with other serotype 1 and 2 sequences revealed 17 amino acid residues which were conserved only in the HV-IBDV. Among the 17 unique amino acid differences, 8 were in VP1, 4 were in VP2, 3 were in VP3 and 2 were in VP4. Although it is impossible to predict the effect of the unique amino acid residues without detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure and function of the proteins, they could affect the virulence of HV-IBDV. Alignment of the nucleic acid sequences of precursor polyprotein, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 coding regions followed by distance analysis allowed the generation of phylogenetic trees. The same tree topology was obtained for the nucleotide sequence of precursor polyprotein, VP2, VP3 and VP4. On the other hand, the tree topology of VP1 was quite different from that obtained for the nucleotide sequence of precursor polyprotein, VP2, VP3 and VP4. These findings indicate that not a genetic recombination but a genetic reassortment may play an important role in the emergence of HV-IBDV. Accepted January 16, 1997; Received October 25, 1996     

Complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of coxsackie B4 virus of human origin that induces diabetes in mice and its comparison with nondiabetogenic coxsackie B4 JBV strain

The E2 strain of coxsackie B4 virus (CB4), which is of human origin, can induce a diabetes-like syndrome in mice. The cDNA of the genome of the E2 strain was cloned and sequenced. The E2 viral genome was found to comprise 7,396 bases, which appear to encode a polyprotein of 2,183 amino acids with an overall similarity of 94.91% to nondiabetogenic CB4 prototype JBV strain. The E2 genome is organized like other enteroviruses. It has a 5′ noncoding region of 744 nucleotides, a single long open translational reading frame starting at nucleotide 745 and extending to nucleotide 7293, a 3′ noncoding region of 100 nucleotides, and a poly (A) tract. Ge-nomic sequence comparison of the E2 and JBV strains showed 1,369 nucleotide substitutions in the genome of the E2 strain, most of which are single and silent. There were 111 resultant amino acid changes arising from some of these substitutions, including 82 amino acid changes in the noncapsid proteins, and 29 amino acid changes in the capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4, which showed 11, 13, 4, and 1 substitution(s), respectively. Noncapsid protein P2-C showed eight amino acid substitutions. On the basis of the sequence comparison of E2 and JBV strains of CB4, we suggest that some of the amino acid changes in the capsid and noncapsid proteins of the E2 strain may be involved in the determination of its diabetogenicity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Molecular characterization of a rare G3P[3] human rotavirus reassortant strain reveals evidence for multiple human-animal interspecies transmissions

An unusual strain of human rotavirus G3P[3] (CMH222), bearing simian-like VP7 and caprine-like VP4 genes, was isolated from a 2-year-old child patient during the epidemiological survey of rotavirus in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 2000-2001. The rotavirus strain was characterized by molecular analysis of its VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 gene segments. The VP4 sequence of CMH222 shared the greatest homology with those of caprine P[3] (GRV strain) at 90.6% nucleotide and 96.4% amino acid sequence identities. Interestingly, the VP7 sequence revealed highest identity with those of simian G3 rotavirus (RRV strain) at 88% nucleotide and 98.1% amino acid sequence identities. In contrast, percent sequence identities of both the VP4 and VP7 genes were lower when compared with those of human rotavirus G3P[3] reference strains (Ro1845 and HCR3). Analyses of VP6 and NSP4 sequences showed a close relationship with simian VP6 SG I and caprine NSP4 genotype C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of CMH222 revealed a common evolutionary lineage with simian and caprine rotavirus strains. These findings strongly suggest multiple interspecies transmission events of rotavirus strains among caprine, simian, and human in nature and provide convincing evidence that evolution of human rotaviruses is tightly intermingled with the evolution of animal rotaviruses.