布氏菌病试管凝集试验前带现象产生原因的研究

目的研究布氏菌病试管凝集试验(SAT)前带现象产生原因,为进一步有针对性的寻找清除的方法提供依据。方法(1)对在SAT中产生前带现象的所有血清检测不完全抗体;(2)对产生前带现象的全部65份血清提高抗原浓度重做试管凝集试验,观察抗原抗体比例。结果产生前带现象的血清管不完全抗体检测阳性率为100%;其血清存在抗原抗体比例失调,而且稀释倍数越低失调越严重。结论布氏菌病试管凝集试验前带现象产生原因是血清中存在不完全抗体竞争抗原而造成抗原抗体比例失调。     

酶联免疫吸附试验诊断布鲁氏菌病的研究

Carlesson 氏应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定牛种布氏菌抗体获得较好结果。ELISA 陆续用于人畜布氏菌病的诊断。目前,大多数作者认为,ELISA,检测布氏菌抗体,具有方法简便、快速、特异及灵敏等优点。但也有资料表明,本试验在检测抗体敏感性上还不及试管凝集试验。此外,关于 ELISA 检测布氏菌抗体类型以及对布氏菌病患者的诊断标准等,这在布氏菌病(简称布病)防治工作上仍是尚未解决的课     

布氏菌和0∶9型小肠结肠炎耶氏菌两种抗体鉴别的研究

本文报告一种布病检测的简便方法,以硝酸纤维素膜为固相栽体的免疫斑点试验,使用两种抗原(牛种布氏菌和O:3型耶氏菌)进行测定,其敏感性和特异性均高于常规的布病试管凝集试验,而且方法简便,快速,适于基层推广使用,可以代替试管凝集试验,作为布病监测的首选方法。     

酶联免疫吸附双抗原夹心法检测人畜布氏菌抗体的研究

目的 为人畜布氏菌病血清学诊断、监测及流行病学调查提供实用和简便的一种酶免疫试验技术。方法 在制备高滴度布氏菌抗原辣根过氧化物酶结合物及其冻干制品基础上，应用酶联免疫吸附双抗原夹心法即双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（DAgS－ELISA）、试管凝集试验（SAT）及虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）对从山西省布氏菌病疫区收集的布氏菌病患、布氏菌感染羊、牛、猪以及健康人、羊、牛、猪共计290份血清进行对比检测。结果 上述3种试验对健康人、羊、牛、猪共计140份血清检查均为阴性反应，用DAgS-ELISA对布氏菌感染人、羊、牛、猪共计150份血清检查，其阳性率分别为91．4％、74．6％、66．7％及66．7％，从总体而言，检查的特异性及敏感性，以DAgS-ELISA优于SAT及RBPT。结论 双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测人畜布氏菌抗体，不仅特异、敏感、简便，而且制备一种布氏菌抗原酶结合物及其冻干制品，可用于人及各种动物布氏菌抗体的检测，值得推广应用。     

浅析温度和时间对RBPT试验的影响

目前,对布氏菌病(简称布病)的临床检验主要有2种,即 RBPT(虎红平板凝集试验)和 SAT(特莱氏试验或试管凝集试验)。虽然 RBPT 具有方法简便、快捷,易于操作和结果便于观察且漏检率极低的优点,但易出现假阳性,假阳性率较高,一般只作为布病的大面积筛查,在临床上需要借助 SAT 来确认。如何提高 RBPT 阳性率,怎样排除或减少 RBPT假阳性,我们在近20年的布病临床检验中,发现温度和时间对 RBPT 试验的影响很大。近10年来,我们对部分疑似布病患者的血清,经过不同时间和不同温度     

一种改良的布鲁氏菌病抗体微量凝集检测方法的建立与评价

目的 建立一种微量的布鲁氏菌病抗体凝集检测方法,用于布鲁氏菌病高通量检测。方法 依据我国《布鲁氏菌病诊断标准》(WS269-2007)规定的病人诊断标准,用试管凝集试验做诊断标准。通过优化微量凝集试验抗原浓度,对142份疑似病人血清同时做试管凝集和微量凝集试验,进行效果评价。结果 最优的微量凝集抗原浓度为1:10,建立微量凝集法具有较高的敏感度和特异度,分别为98.9%和92.3%;和常规试管凝集法相比,两种方法符合率为96.5%。常规试管凝集检测得到21份阴性样本,22份可疑样本(1:50),99份阳性样本(>1:100)。微量凝集检测得到30份阴性样本、17份可疑样本(1:50)、95份阳性样本(>1:100)。两种试验方法,结果相同的占70.4%(100/142),经统计学检验差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.8,P>0.05)。结论 建立一种可显色的布鲁氏菌病抗体微量凝集检测方法,可以在96孔V型板上同时检测24份标本,且结果易判读,更适宜基层防疫人员现场检测,最终为疫情处置提供强有力的技术支持。     

福建宁化县5年布氏菌病监测结果

<正> 布氏菌病是一种人兽共患病,我省早在60年代就肯定了该病的存在。近年来,宁化县在布氏菌病普查中畜间有阳性血清检出,现将1986～1990年我们对宁化县人群布氏菌病监测结果报告如下。 一、监测对象 各乡镇畜牧兽医、屠宰工、饲养员、皮毛收购员等职业人群。 二、监测方法 皮内变态试验:在受检者前臂注射布氏菌素0.1ml,48小时局部红肿≥2×2cm者判为阳性。试管凝集试验:按常规进行。诊断标准:1:100(++)为阳性,1:50(++)为可疑阳性。对皮内变态反应阳性及试管凝集阳性或可疑阳性者进行个案调查。布氏菌抗原系兰州生物制品研究所生产。     

曲阜市重点职业人群布鲁氏菌感染的调查

为查明我市重点职业人群布鲁氏菌感染情况,我们于1991年9月对本市重点职业人群进行调查,结果如下。一、材料和方法（一）皮内试验（二）凝集试验：采集本市与畜及畜产品有密切接触史的重点职业人群453人静脉血,分高血清。作试管定量凝集试验。1．布氏菌试管凝集菌液：批号91-1,中国药品生物制品检定所布氏菌专业实验室提供。2．布氏菌试管凝集试验诊断血清：批号89001,效价1：3200;布氏菌素：批号9001,卫生部兰州生物制品研究所提供。二、结果：见表1。表三曲阜市四点职业人群布氏菌感染调查结果三、讨论布鲁氏菌病（以下简称布病）…     

浅谈布氏菌病血清学检验质量控制的影响因素

随着对布氏菌病(简称布病)防治工作的不断深入，如何进一步提高检验质量，保证检验结果准确性，并将其纳入标准化、科学化的统一管理轨道，已成为布病检验工作者急需思考和解决的主要课题之一。我国布病血清学诊断主要采用试管凝集试验(SAT)和平板凝集试验(PAT)两种方法，自1986年以来对其实施了质量控制，以便对布病作出准确的实验室诊断。但SAT与PAT均属于半定量的血清学试验，     

重组布氏杆菌BP26蛋白和OMP31蛋白作为间接ELISA诊断抗原的研究

目的 传统布氏杆菌病血清学方法因其抗原构成复杂，存在较严重的交叉免疫反应性，导致结果判定困难。BP26及OMP31分别为布氏杆菌细胞周质蛋白及外膜蛋白，在感染牛、绵羊、山羊、犬和人类均为优势免疫原，且在抗原性上具有较好的布氏杆菌种属特异性。方法 以大肠杆菌表达、纯化的BP26和OMP31重组蛋白为包被抗原，初步建立了检测血清特异抗体的间接ELISA方法，并以现地牛布氏杆菌普查检测血清100份为样本，与传统的试管凝集试验进行了比较研究。结果 试管凝集试验血清样本阳性率为15％（15／100）；BP26包被抗原ELISA检测判为阳性的12个样本中有11为试管凝集反应阳性，相对阳性率为73．3％，二者阳性符合率为92％（11／12）；而采用OMP31为包被抗原，阳性检出率为0（图5）。结论 被检测区域阳性牛主要感染布氏杆菌为牛种布氏杆菌（B．abortus天然缺失0MP31基因）；BP26作为间接ELISA包被抗原用于牛布氏杆菌血清学检测具有良好的特异性及较好的敏感性。     

Sero-epidemiological assessment and diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic locality using Fast Agglutination Screening Test (FAST)

The Fast Agglutination Screening Test (FAST) was employed on sera obtained from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in southwestern Ethiopia, in February 2000. The study involved (i) active case detection among 1575 residents of two villages; and (ii) passive case detection in an outpatient clinic. Sera of 1587 individuals, including 143 sera of previously treated VL patients, were tested. Based on the size of agglutination mat, the FAST results were read qualitatively as non-reactive (-), weakly reactive (1+), moderately reactive (2+) and highly reactive (3+). All FAST reactive sera were re-tested with the Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). After clinical screening of 1625 individuals, 61 individuals with signs and symptoms of early or late VL were found; 26 sera were FAST positive. Twenty-two of these suspected VL cases were subjected to parasitological examination using lymph node aspirates. Eighteen (81.8%) were confirmed either by demonstration of amastigotes in smears or promastigotes in NNN cultures. FAST reactive anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected in 4.5% of untreated and 70.6% of previously treated patients. Forty-five sera of 1390 previously untreated asymptomatic individuals (3.2%) were found to be FAST positive. This report demonstrates that FAST is a rapid and cost-effective screening test for the diagnosis and sero-epidemiological surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis.     

Performance of Latex Agglutination Test (KAtex) In Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Many techniques have been used for diagnosis of VL, among which the urine based la-tex agglutination test (KAtex) is a promising one. Objective: To compare three diag-nostic tests of VL including KAtex, ELISA and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) in VL patients and healthy controls in the south west of Iran. Methods: Serum (n = 29) and urine samples (n = 31) were collected from parasitologically confirmed VL patients. Control samples were obtained from healthy individuals (n = 61) and also from patients with infectious diseases other than VL. The collected serum samples were tested by DAT and ELISA using crude antigen from promastigotes of Leishmania infantum and the urine samples were tested by KAtex. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of KAtex for diagnosis of VL was found to be 83.9% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivities of DAT and ELISA were 93.1% and 86.2% and their specificities were 100% and 90.5%, respectively. Conclusion: KAtex yielded a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in di-agnosis of VL in Iran and can be recommended as a rapid, field applicable and reliable test for diagnosis of VL in this region.     

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis among blood donors in Ahvaz,Southwest Iran

ObjectiveTo identify sero-prevalence of brucellosis among blood donors in Ahvaz city, Southwest Iran.MethodsA total number of 1 450 serum samples from blood donation were collected and were screened for the presence of brucella antibody. Rose Bengal Plate Test, Standard Agglutination Test (SAT), and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) agglutination were tested in the sample. SAT dilution ≥1/80 and 2ME agglutination ≥1/40 were considered positive.ResultsSero-prevalence of brucellosis among the blood donors was 0.70%, 0.34%, and 0.20% by Rose Bengal Plate Test, SAT, and 2ME respectively.ConclusionsConsidering the 1/80 titer of SAT as the criteria of contamination with brucella, routine screening of sero-prevalence of brucella in blood donors is not recommended in this area.     

Toxoplasmosis in pigs in Córdoba, Spain

A total of 303 pig sera were examined by the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT), basic Direct Agglutination Test (AD) and Direct Agglutination Test with 2-mercaptoethanol (AD 2-ME). The percentages of positive sera were 32.0 with IFAT, 37.95 with AD and 32.34% with AD 2-ME. No relationship was evident between sex and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pigs. There were no significant statistical differences between the IFAT and the AD 2-ME, hence both tests can be recommended equally for serological surveys of toxoplasmosis.     

A comparison of the direct immunobead test and other tests for sperm antibodies detection.

The authors report the results of a correlation study between the direct Immunobead Test (d-IBT) and other techniques for antisperm antibodies detection. The Gelatin Agglutination Test (GAT) and Tray Agglutination Test (TAT) were used to detect antibodies in blood serum and seminal plasma ("indirect methods"). The Direct IgG Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction Test (d-MAR test) was used to detect sperm antibodies bound to the sperm surface ("direct method"). A good concordance between the methods, measured by phi and K tests, was found and satisfactory mathematical models were established by regression analyses.     

不同PCR方法检测布鲁菌阳性样本的敏感性分析

目的利用布鲁菌分离株及对应的患者血液样本验证不同引物扩增的特异性及其敏感性,为将PCR方法应用于人布鲁菌病临床诊断提供参考。方法对血液样本进行传统布鲁菌分离培养,根据表型对分离株进行种型鉴定;用玻片凝集试验(PAT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)两种血清学方法检测培养阳性的血液模板;应用不同布鲁菌属引物B4/B5、BP26以及羊、牛和猪种引物对布鲁菌分离株进行鉴定,同时对其血液模板进行PCR检测。结果从急性发热患者血液分离到24株布鲁菌,经表型鉴定均为羊种。对分离株进行PCR鉴定,布鲁菌属引物B4/B5、BP26及羊种引物在分离株中均扩增到目的条带。应用不同引物PCR方法对血液模板检测的阳性率依次为B4/B5(79.17%),羊种(66.67%)和BP26(25.00%);B4/B5和羊种引物扩增同为阳性的符合率为41.67%,B4/B5或羊种引物扩增为阳性的符合率为91.67%。结论在布鲁菌分离培养阳性的血液样本中,应用单一引物PCR进行人布鲁菌病诊断的敏感性较低,将布鲁菌属B4/B5和地方流行种引物结合可提高PCR检测方法的敏感性和特异性。     

牛布鲁氏菌病诊断中应用EDTA试验的比较及评价

本文报告了诊断牛布鲁氏菌病一种新的EDTA改良试验、作者用此法对不同来源的牛血清进行检测,结果表明EDTA试验明显地降低了326份健康牛血清中非特异性凝集滴度、但对布鲁氏菌感染的10份病牛血清凝集滴度没有大的改变。不论SAT还是EDTA试验结果完全一致,而且SAT和CFT结果也相符,在SAT单项诊断中可疑和阳性的139头牛中有98头(70.5%)用EDTA试验证实为假阳性反应试验中还将血清中各类Ig进行EDTA敏感性检查,发现对EDTA不稳定的凝集素主要是IgM。本试验操作简便,能提高牛布鲁氏菌病正确诊断率。     

Latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis

Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (n=204) from pediatric patients with clinically suspected pyogenic meningitis were examined by direct microscopy, bacterial culture and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Latex Agglutination Test was done for detection of antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Among 38 LAT positive cases, culture and/or gram stain was positive in only 20 cases and 18 cases were detected exclusively by LAT. Besides, LAT was useful in detecting the pre-treated cases as 11 out of 55 samples from pre-treated cases were positive by LAT in comparison to culture and/or Gram stain which detected only 4 of 55 cases. LAT is simple, rapid and more reliable test.     

首次从喜马拉雅旱獭分离布鲁氏菌与鉴定

目的 从喜马拉雅旱獭抗体阳性的血液分离布鲁氏菌并对其进行种的鉴定。方法 采用血培养法对布鲁氏菌抗体阳性的旱獭血液进行细菌分离,并应用传统方法对该菌进行种的鉴定。结果 经优化后的肝浸液双相培养基培养出布鲁氏菌可疑菌落,经传统方法鉴定为羊种布鲁氏菌。结论 首次证实喜马拉雅旱獭存在羊种布鲁氏菌。     

Clinical utility of a new rapid test for the detection of group A Streptococcus and discriminate use of antibiotics for bacterial pharyngitis in an outpatient setting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the Diaquick Strep. A Test (SAT) as a rapid streptococcal antigen test, and its effect on antibiotic use in children. METHODS: This was a prospective study of children with acute catarrh, fever, and acutely inflamed throat/tonsils. Paired throat swabs for SAT and culture were collected. None of the children received antibiotics prior to testing. RESULTS: Five hundred and five children were included in the study: 278 were boys (55%) and 409 (81%) were aged under 5 years. The SAT was negative in 434 cases (86%) and positive in 71 (14%); culture was negative in 425 cases (84%) and positive in 80 (16%), including nine cultures that grew bacteria other than group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS). Both the SAT and culture were negative in 422 cases (84%) and positive in 68 (13%), but were inconsistent in 15 cases (3%). For GAS infection, the SAT positive predictive value was 95.8% (68/71). The negative predictive value for the whole group as well as for children under five years of age was over 99% (422/425 and 355/358, respectively). SAT sensitivity was almost 96%. Finally, only 74 children (15%) were given antibiotics, while a staggering 431 (85%) were not. CONCLUSION: The Diaquick Strep. A Test (SAT) is a quick, reliable, and clinically useful test, which could help to dramatically reduce the usage of antibiotics in children with fever, catarrh, and acute pharyngotonsillitis.