两种心脏手术方式对中性粒细胞 CD11b、丙二醛及心肌酶影响的对比研究

目的探讨停跳和不停跳心内直视手术对外周血中性粒细胞(PMN)CD11b表达、血浆丙二醛(MDA)和血清心肌酶水平的影响。方法32例先天性心脏病患者分为不停跳组(n=15)和停跳组(n=17)。在不同时间点采静脉血测定PMN CD11b表达、血浆MDA水平和血清心肌酶水平。结果两组PMN CD11b和血浆MDA水平在体外循环开始后均显著升高,在体外循环结束后停跳组显著高于不停跳组。术后血清心肌酶水平停跳组显著高于不停跳组。结论体外循环本身可导致PMN CD11b和血浆MDA的升高,而缺血再灌注损伤可使PMNCD11b、血浆MDA进一步增高;不停跳手术的心肌保护效果优于停跳手术。     

常温不停跳心内直视手术冠脉血心肌酶活性变化

目的：观察常温心脏不停跳心内直视手术与冷停跳手术冠脉血心肌酶学的变化,明确不停跳手术对心肌保护的保护作用。方法：２８例心内直视手术病人随机分成不停跳与冷停跳组,每组１４便。不停跳组分别于体外循环前,体外循环１５ｍｉｎ、体外循环停止时及停后３０ｍｉｎ、６０ｍｉｎ采血。冷停跳组分别于体外循环前、主动脉阻断时、 主动脉开放时、开放后３０ｍｉｎ、６０ｍｉｎ采冠脉血测心肌酶。结果：不停跳组体外循环开始后各时     

心脏跳动中二尖瓣替换术对心肌保护的临床研究

目的 旨在为浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术对心肌保护效果作进一步客观的评价。方法 连续40例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变患者随机分为不停跳组（n=20）,停跳组（n=20）。两组均分别于体外循环前、后抽取静脉血测定血浆内皮素（ET）、心钠素（ANP）和切取右心房少许心肌组织作细胞超微结构进行对比分析。结果 停跳组ET、ANP波动范围大、变化剧烈,而不停跳组ET、ANP变化相对平缓、稳定,与停跳组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;开放即刻至开放24 h停跳组ANP值高于不停跳组（P〈0.05）;在心肌超微结构方面,不停跳组基本无变化,停跳组各时点呈现损伤逐渐加重趋势。结论 浅低温体外循环心脏跳动中心内直视手术是一种较接近生理状态的心肌保护方法,能减轻心肌缺血缺氧损伤,避免再灌注损伤,保持心肌细胞形态结构的完整性,而获得较理想的心肌保护效果。     

浅低温体外循环下不停跳心内直视术治疗房、室间隔缺损223例

目的:探讨浅低温体外循环下心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床优缺点,总结在浅低温体外循环下不停跳心内直视术治疗房、室间隔缺损手术的经验。方法:在鼻咽温32±1℃下不阻断升主动脉,不灌停跳液,保持心脏跳动下完成畸形矫正。结果:所有病例均成功完成手术,无栓塞等并发症。结论:对房、室缺病人,心脏不停跳心内直视手术操作简便,手术时间短,心肌损伤轻,优于常规停跳心内直视手术。     

先天性心脏病心脏停跳和不停跳下心内直视手术的临床分析

目的　对比分析心脏停跳和不停跳心内直视手术治疗先天性心脏病心内畸形的疗效。方法　5 5 8例患者分别采用心脏停跳手术 2 31例 ,不停跳手术 32 7例。心脏不停跳心内直视手术仍常规建立体外循环 ,置左心房引流管 ,降温至 (32± 1)℃并维持 ,仅阻断上下腔静脉 ,不阻断主动脉 ,维持灌注压在 8kPa左右 ,心脏跳动下进行畸形矫正 ,方法同停跳下手术。结果　不停跳组早期死亡 7例 (死亡率 2 .14 % ) ,停跳组早期死亡 5例 (死亡率 2 .17% ) ,其余均痊愈出院 ,随访 3～ 2 3月 ,恢复良好。结论　心脏不停跳心内直视手术 ,是一种有效的心肌保护方法 ,并可简化操作 ,缩短体外循环时间     

常温体外循环心脏不停跳手术的实验研究

目的 评价常温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术。方法 应用体外循环动物模型进行研究，将牛随机分为两组，每组6头。I组为低温体外循环冷晶体停搏心内直视手术组，Ⅱ组为常温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术组。结果 尽管阻断钳开放后两组血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）均有所升高，但组间比较Ⅱ组代表心肌损伤的各项指标均优于I组：I组阻断钳开放即刻及开放后30min血清CK－MB，丙二醛（MDA）显著高于Ⅱ组，三磷酸腺苷（ATP）显著低于Ⅱ组；而代表血细胞破坏情况的血浆游离血红蛋白I组显著低于Ⅱ组。结论 常温心脏不停跳心内直视手术避免了低温和缺血再灌注损伤引起的心肌损害，具有明确的心肌保护作用，但仍存在一定的心肌损伤。另外，这种手术方式存在血液成分破坏较重的不足。     

浅低温不停跳心内直视手术的临床分析

目的　通过临床随机对照试验,探讨浅低温不停跳心内直视手术的心肌保护作用及其优缺点。方法　40例房间隔缺损或室间隔缺损患者随机分为两组,每组 20例。心跳组不阻断升主动脉,在浅低温体外循环、心脏跳动下完成心内直视手术;停跳组在常规方法下行心内直视手术。分别于术前、停机即刻、术后 6h、12h、24h、48h分别取外周静脉血测定心肌酶(CK)、肌钙蛋白-I(cTnI)的血浆浓度并观察手术时间、体外循环时间、多巴胺和硝普钠的用量及患者在ICU时间等。结果　停机即刻、术后 6h、12h,停跳组的CK含量较心跳组显著升高 (P<0.01);停跳组cTnI的量在停机即刻至 48h均高于心跳组;不停跳组平均体外循环时间(52. 4±17. 5)min,明显低于停跳组(84. 8±16. 6)min(P 0. 01)。心跳组术后血流动力学稳定。结论　不停跳心内直视手术是一种有效的心肌保护方法,缩短了手术时间,但对复杂心内畸形的操纵需进一步探讨。     

体外循环心内直视术心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的检测

为评价不停跳与停跳体外循环心内直视术对心肌损伤的程度 ,分别对 2 0例不停跳和 2 8例停跳体外循环下房缺修补术患者术后围手术期血清心肌肌钙蛋白 (c Tn )浓度进行了对比研究。结果显示停跳组血清 c Tn 浓度明显高于不停跳组 (体外循环后 12、 2 4 h,P<0 .0 5 )。提示不停跳体外循环心内直视术具有心肌损伤小、心肌保护好的优点     

心脏跳动下手术对心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的评价心脏不停跳手术对先天性心脏病患者心肌保护作用的效果。方法房间隔缺损(ASD),肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)和室间隔缺损(VSD)患者共52例,随机分为实验组(不停跳组)和对照组(停跳组)。实验组在体外循环(CPB)浅低温(31—34℃)、心脏跳动状态下施术;对照组在冷晶体停跳、中度低温(28—30℃)CPB下手术。分别在术前、术后2、6、24h采集血标本,检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、心肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量;分别在心内操作开始和结束时剪取小块右房组织,电镜观察心肌超微结构变化;同时观察术中CPB时间和阻断时间)。结果不停跳组CPB时间较停跳组短(P<0.01),腔静脉阻断时间长于停跳组主动脉阻断时间(P<0.05)。不停跳组术后LDH、AST活性低于停跳组,SOD活性高于停跳组,MDA、cTnI含量低于停跳组。心内操作完毕后不停跳组较停跳组心肌超微结构变化小,线粒体肿胀轻。结论 心脏不停跳手术对先天性心脏病患者心肌具有更好的保护作用。     

体外循环心脏停跳与不停跳行心内直视手术对血浆心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和丙二醛的影响

目的 通过心脏不停跳与停跳心内直视术对患者血浆心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和丙二醛影响的对比研究,客观评价心脏不停跳心内直视术的心肌保护效果。方法 随机将２７例二类瓣病变患者分两组,测定术前、后心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和丙二醛的变化。不停跳组１３例,二尖瓣替换在浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下进行;停跳组１４例,二瓣替换在常规停跳方法下进行,结果 不停跳组患者术后心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ和丙二醛显著低于停跳组（Ｉ〈０．０１）。结论 浅低     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.