3α-磺酰氧(氨)取代的莨菪烷衍生物的合成及其生物活性

目的 设计和合成3α-磺酰氧和磺酰氨取代的莨菪烷衍生物，考察其拟胆碱活性。方法 以3α-羟基莨菪烷、6β-乙酰氧基-3α-羟基莨菪烷或6β-乙酰氧基-3α-氨基莨菪烷为起始物，利用磺酰化反应合成莨菪烷衍生物。结果 合成了10个新化合物。兔瞳孔实验和离体豚鼠回肠实验表明：4个6β-乙酰氧基-3α-磺酰氧基莨菪烷具有拟胆碱活性，而3α-磺酰氧基莨菪烷和6β-乙酰氧基-3α-磺酰氨基莨菪烷无拟胆碱活性。结论 6β-乙酰氧基是拟胆碱莨菪烷衍生物的活性必需结构，3α-取代基对此类化合物的拟胆碱活性影响很大。     

3α-磺酰氧(氨)取代的莨菪烷衍生物的合成及其生物活性

目的设计和合成3α-磺酰氧和磺酰氨取代的莨菪烷衍生物,考察其拟胆碱活性.方法以3α-羟基莨菪烷、6β-乙酰氧基-3α-羟基莨菪烷或6β-乙酰氧基-3α-氨基莨菪烷为起始物,利用磺酰化反应合成莨菪烷衍生物.结果合成了10个新化合物.兔瞳孔实验和离体豚鼠回肠实验表明:4个6β-乙酰氧基-3α-磺酰氧基莨菪烷具有拟胆碱活性,而3α-磺酰氧基莨菪烷和6β-乙酰氧基-3α-磺酰氨基莨菪烷无拟胆碱活性.结论6β-乙酰氧基是拟胆碱莨菪烷衍生物的活性必需结构,3α-取代基对此类化合物的拟胆碱活性影响很大.     

茛菪烷衍生物的合成及其活性研究

目的 设计、合成并筛选具有胆碱能活性,且对M1受体有选择性的莨菪烷衍生物.方法 以3α-羟基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷为原料,通过酰化反应制备3α-烃氧基乙酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷类衍生物,通过核磁共振及质谱鉴定所合成的化合物.运用豚鼠离体回肠纵肌M受体动力学实验方法以及人源M1,M2受体亚型基因转染的CHO细胞系放射配基受体结合法,对合成的化合物进行活性筛选.结果 制备了6个新的3α-烃氧基乙酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷a～f.化合物d,e对M受体有良好的亲和力及内在活性,并对M1受体具有亚型选择性.结论 化合物d,e为具有M1受体亚型选择性的胆碱能活性化合物.     

莨菪烷衍生物的合成及其对大鼠气管的拮抗活性和组织选择性

目的 合成系列莨菪烷衍生物,评价其对大鼠气管的拮抗活性及组织选择性（气管/心脏）。方法 以3α-羟基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷（A0）为起始物,通过酰化反应合成系列3α-酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷。分别选取含丰富M2、M3受体并由其介导收缩的大鼠心脏（M2）和气管平滑肌（M3）为测试样本,通过组织功能实验,测试合成物对大鼠离体心脏和气管的拮抗活性。结果 制备8个莨菪烷衍生物,A1~A4对心脏和气管有明显拮抗作用,A5~A8对心脏和气管无拮抗活性。A1对气管的拮抗参数pA2值最大（pA2= 7.32）,且有较高的组织选择性（气管/心脏）（ΔpA2=1.51）。结论 减小莨菪烷母核的C-3α位苯环上取代基的体积或增加苯环上π电子云的密度,对提高化合物拮抗气管的活性及组织选择性（气管/心脏）有利。     

包甲素合成类似物的过筛试验

本文采用豚鼠离体纵长肌累积剂量-效应曲线法,求解离常数(KD)及最大效应(Emax)值,以氨甲酰胆碱为标准药,对14个莨菪烷类化合物进行比较,结果表明:6β-乙酰氧基去甲莨菪烷,3α-对甲苯甲酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基莨菪烷及3α,6β-二乙酰氧基莨菪烷三化合物有明显的M受体激动作用。其构-效关系提示:6β-乙酰氧基是M激动作用的关健结构,N位上的CH_3能削弱这一作用。     

新型茛菪烷类化合物对豚鼠回肠肌M受体动力学研究

目的探讨定向合成新型莨菪烷类化合物对豚鼠回肠肌M受体动力学的作用.方法采用豚鼠离体回肠纵肌累积剂量-效应曲线法,求得pD2(解离常数负对数)及Emax(最大效应)值,以乙酰胆碱(ACh)为标准品,比较其亲和力和内在活性.结果MAC-6、MAC-7、MAC-8、MAC-18和MAC-19化合物与豚鼠肠纵肌M受体具有不同程度的亲和力(pD2＝6.59～8.77),引起豚鼠肠纵肌收缩最大效应为ACh的29%～57%,选择性M受体拮抗药阿托品能阻断其作用;相反,MAC-16能显著抑制由ACh引起豚鼠肠纵肌收缩,呈竞争性拮抗作用,其pA2为7.72.结论定向合成莨菪烷类化合物具有明显的M受体激动或阻断作用,并显示明显的构效关系特征.     

新型茛菪烷类化合物对豚鼠回肠肌M受体动力学研究

目的探讨定向合成新型莨菪烷类化合物对豚鼠回肠肌M受体动力学的作用。方法采用豚鼠离体回肠纵肌累积剂量-效应曲线法,求得pD2(解离常数负对数)及Emax(最大效应)值,以乙酰胆碱(ACh)为标准品,比较其亲和力和内在活性。结果MAC-6、MAC-7、MAC-8、MAC-18和MAC-19化合物与豚鼠肠纵肌M受体具有不同程度的亲和力(pD2＝6．59～8．77),引起豚鼠肠纵肌收缩最大效应为ACh的29％～57％,选择性M受体拮抗药阿托品能阻断其作用;相反,MAC-16能显著抑制由ACh引起豚鼠肠纵肌收缩,呈竞争性拮抗作用,其pA2为7．72。结论　定向合成莨菪烷类化合物具有明显的M受体激动或阻断作用,并显示明显的构效关系特征。     

6β-乙酰氧基去甲茛菪烷旋光异构体的药效动力学研究

6β-乙酰氧基去甲莨菪烷(6β-AN)是人工合成莨菪烷拟胆碱作用最强的化合物,有可能代替匹罗卡品用以治疗青光眼。本文就我校化学教研室项中等将外消旋体dl-6β-AN拆分后得的左、右旋光异构体进行药效动力学研究。     

6β-乙酰氧基去甲托烷对虹膜上M胆碱受体及其亚型的作用

目的:6β-乙酰氧基去甲托烷(6β-AN)是新合成的外消旋莨菪烷衍生物,实验表明为M受体激动剂.本课题从离体水平,对其化学拆分后的左旋体(l-6β-AN)对家兔虹膜上M胆碱受体及其亚型选择性作用进行研究,来阐明其作用机制.方法:制备离体虹膜标本,用累积浓度法制作量效关系曲线.结果:l-6β-AN对离体虹膜括约肌呈现明显的浓度依赖性收缩,用选择性M受体拮抗剂研究表明,与虹膜收缩有关的受体亚型为M3受体.结论:l-6β-AN致虹膜收缩主要是激动虹膜上M受体所致,并且对虹膜上M3受体选择性较强.     

6β—乙酰氧基去甲托烷对虹膜上M胆碱受体的作用

目的 6β-乙酰氧基去甲托烷（6β-AN）是新合成的外消旋莨菪烷衍生物,实验表明为M受体激动剂,本课题从离体水平,对其化学拆分后的左旋体（1-6β-AN）和右旋体（d-6β-AN)对家兔虹膜上M胆碱受体的作用进行研究,来阐明其作用机制。方法 制备离体虹膜标本,用累计浓度法制作量效关系曲线,结果 1-6β-AN对离体虹膜括约肌呈现明显的浓度依赖性收缩,阿托品可使其收缩曲线平行右移：d-6β-AN仅在较大剂量时对虹膜有微弱的收缩作用,对1-6β-AN也不表现为拮抗作用,结论 1-6β-AN致虹膜收缩主要是激动虹膜上M受体所致;d-6β-AN对离体虹膜未见明显作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.