腰椎椎体后缘离断症的临床与CT表现及CT诊断价值（附10例分析）

目的：腰椎椎体后缘离断症的临床与CT表现及CT诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析10例腰椎椎体后缘离断症的临床及CT表现。结果：腰椎椎体后缘离断症的临床表现与腰椎间盘突出相似，CT平扫10例患者中共发生11处病变，均可见典型CT表现。结论：CT平扫是诊断腰椎体后缘离断症较直观可靠的影像检查方法，CT表现典型，具有较高的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

椎体软骨破裂症与椎体后缘软骨结节的CT诊断价值

目的:提出腰椎软骨板破裂与椎体后缘骨内软骨结节之间的关系。方法:对照32例腰椎软骨破裂及椎体后缘骨内软骨结节(LPMN)CT影像(32例均行手术治疗)进行分析。结果:CT可分为两型:Ⅰ型,软骨板连续型,即椎体后缘骨内软骨结节型(Schmorl’s结节),Ⅱ型,软骨板断裂型。结论:CT检查对腰椎软骨板破裂症及椎体后缘软骨结节有重要诊断价值,对制订手术方案具有指导意义。     

椎缘骨的X线诊断

椎缘骨是由椎间盘内容物在椎体边缘与软骨板相连接处疝入到椎体内所致，在椎体边缘产生一个或一个以上三角形游离骨块，又称椎前缘软骨结节、永存骨骺、椎角离断体、边缘骨等。本文探讨椎缘骨X线表现，以期加深认识，从而提高X线诊断符合率。     

腰椎软骨结节CT、MRI影像表现及诊断价值

腰椎体后缘软骨结节（1umber posterior intraosseous cartilaginous node，LMPN）指发生于椎体后缘的软骨结节，其X线特征改变为椎体后缘局部骨质缺损，其后有一骨块突人椎管，并对椎管内硬膜囊产生压迫，从而引起一系列临床症候。     

CT对腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节的诊断价值

腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节病变是指在青少年时期，髓核组织经破裂的椎体终板突入椎体后缘松质骨内，造成椎体后上缘或后下缘的局限性骨缺损，骨突环破裂，与椎体后缘分离的骨块突入椎管，压迫硬膜囊及神经根，导致椎管狭窄或侧隐窝狭窄的一种病变。在日常工作中，由于对其认识不足，常与椎间盘突出钙化，后纵韧带骨化，撕脱性骨折等相混淆，作者就近年来收集的16例腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节病例进行总结分析。     

腰椎后缘软骨结节的X线诊断

目的：探讨腰椎后缘软骨结节的Ｘ线表现和平片对其显示能力。方法：回顾性分析了３９例腰椎后缘软骨结节的Ｘ线表现。结果：软骨结节表现为椎体后上或后下部局限性骨缺损或局部骨密度较低、椎体上缘或下缘后部轻度弧形凹陷或椎体后缘局限性缺如；软骨结节的骨性后壁表现为椎体后缘上部或下部后突或椎管内游离状骨块。结论：平片能显示多数腰椎后缘软骨结节。     

腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节的CT诊断

目的：探讨腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节(LPMN)的CT诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析18例LPMN的临床表现、CT特征。结果：典型的影像改变为：①椎体后上缘或后下缘类圆形骨质缺损，边缘致密硬化17例；②缺损后方骨块突入椎管，完全游离或部分与椎体相连7例；③硬膜囊及神经根受压18例；④伴有椎间盘突出并造成椎管狭窄18例。结论：CT检查能明确诊断腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节，并为制订治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

腰椎椎体后缘软骨结节的CT探讨

目的　提高对椎体后缘软骨结节的认识。方法　对 5 2例椎体后缘软骨结节CT表现进行综合分析。结果　本病的 3项主要CT特征性表现 ,即软骨结节、椎体后缘骨质缺损区和凸向椎管内的骨突环碎片。结论　CT扫描对椎体后缘软骨结节具有首肯诊断价值     

腰骶椎后缘软骨结节的CT诊断(附23例报告)

目的:分析腰骶椎后缘软骨结节的CT征象,探讨其发病机制及本病与椎间盘突出症之间的相互关系。材料与方法:23例临床拟诊为腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中男性9例,女性14例,年龄17～85岁。进行腰骶椎CT的横断面扫描,使用的CT机为Picker公司的PQS型。结果:本病好发部位在腰5和骶1椎体后缘。好发年龄为青壮年时期。形态学特征是腰骶椎后缘软骨结节病例均有相同层面的椎间盘突出,突出间盘的后缘与骨突环边缘一致。结论:CT扫描在诊断本病方面有其特有的优势。腰骶椎后缘软骨结节的发病机制与Schmor's结节有相同之处,均为髓核及间盘组织疝入软骨板造成,应为一种特殊类型的椎间盘突出症及继发病变。     

多层螺旋CT对椎体后缘软骨结节的诊断

目的:探讨椎体后缘软骨结节在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的表现及特点,提高对该病变的显示及诊断率。方法:25例椎体后缘软骨结节进行螺旋CT扫描、薄层重建后再进行轴位、矢状及冠状面重建,分析比较几种重建方法对椎体后缘软骨结节的显示效果。结果:轴位重建清晰显示腰椎体后缘骨质缺损、游离骨块及合并相应水平椎间盘突出情况;矢状位重建是对轴位重建的良好补充,并可以较好显示相应水平硬膜囊受压情况;冠状位重建对显示椎体后缘骨缺损及游离骨块也有一定帮助。结论:多层螺旋CT及多平面重建(MPR)在椎体后缘软骨结节的影像学诊断中具有重要意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）