James Alison Glover (1874-963), OBE (1919) CBE (1941) MD (1905) DPH (1905) FRCP (1933)

James Allison Glover served in the Boer War and World War I. In 1917 he was appointed to the Cerebro-spinal Laboratory in London. There, his work on cerebrospinal fever resulted in the "spacing out" of beds in huts and earned him the name of "good friend of the private soldier". In 1919 he proceeded OBE for his work during the war. In 1920 he was appointed medical officer to the new Ministry of Health. He made significant contributions to rheumatology and the understanding and treatment of tonsillitis, and to public health more widely.     

Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC)

BACKGROUND: Old age, reduced general condition and far advanced tumor stage associated with poor prognosis induced the belief that, apart from verifying the diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) by biopsy, no additional surgery would be justified. However, in some cases, an ultraradical approach was recommended in order to improve the quality of life and survival. METHODS: These are the results of a retrospective analysis involving 120 patients subjected to restricted radical surgery (excising as much as possible of the tumor and local metastases, foregoing ultraradical removal of vital organs such as esophagus, larynx and trachea). RESULTS: Irrespective of the surgical approach used, 6+/-2% of the patients were alive after 5 years (median survival time: 3.1 months). Patients without tumor residues (R0-resections; extending to soft tissue only; Kaplan-Meier estimate - cumulative survival 15+/-5%) had a significantly better prognosis than patients with tumor residues (R1/R2-resections; no patient survived 5 years; P<0.001). Tumor morphology (spindle cells, giant cells, mixed cells) or differentiated parts of the tumor as well as lymph-node involvement had no statistically significant impact on the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In ATC, the objective should be to remove as much of the carcinoma as possible (in the ideal case, a thyroidectomy); if lymph nodes are affected, neck dissection should be the goal, if possible (restricted radical approach, improving quality of life). Ultraradical surgery to include segmental resection of larynx, trachea or esophagus do not seem to be indicated, as prolonged survival is questionable and quality of life is certainly diminished.     

热毒清对家兔内毒素性DIC急性肺损伤的保护作用

采用间隔２４小时两次注射大肠杆菌内毒素方法复制家兔急性肺损伤模型，检测血浆、肺组织及支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中白细胞介素８（ＩＬ－８）、硝酸盐／亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３）水平及有关指标改变，观察中药制剂热毒清（ＲＤＱ）对家兔内毒素性肺损伤的保护作用。发现ＲＤＱ可降低肺系数及通透指数，减少ＢＡＬＦ中白细胞计数；ＩＬ－８、ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－水平、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性亦显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），肺组织学损伤减轻。证实ＲＤＱ对内毒素所致的家兔急性肺损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

Endotoxin (LPS) increases mesenteric vascular resistance (MVR) and bacterial translocation (BT)

Endotoxemia is responsible for many of the pathophysiologic alterations that occur with Gram-negative sepsis. We utilized a chronic ovine model to determine the hemodynamic disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract during endotoxemia. Sheep with indwelling arterial, venous, and pulmonary arterial catheters were used. An ultrasonic flow probe was placed on the cephalic mesenteric artery. The animals were subjected to: 1) Ringer's lactate infusion (sham n = 6); or 2) 1.5 mcg/kg E. coli endotoxin (n = 6) over over a period of one half hour and were monitored for 48 hours. They were then sacrificed and specimens of mesenteric lymph node, liver, spleen, kidney, and lung obtained for bacteriologic cultures and histologic analysis. Sheep receiving endotoxin showed more than 50% reduction in the mesenteric blood flow. Mesenteric vascular resistance increased while non-mesenteric systemic vascular resistance decreased. The increase in the total systemic vascular resistance, noted during endotoxemia, was thus likely due to the increase in the mesenteric vascular resistance. At autopsy there were positive cultures for microorganism in the mesenteric lymph nodes in six out of six sheep with endotoxemia as compared to one out of six of control. Thus the vasoconstriction in the mesenteric areas may have resulted in bacterial translocation from the GI tract.     

High-resolution EEG (HR-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)

HR-EEG (high resolution EEG) and MEG (magnetoencephalography) allow the recording of cerebral electromagnetic activities with excellent temporal resolution. These tools have also considerably progressed in spatial resolution and now constitute real methods of Electric and Magnetic Source Imaging. Their limits and the precision of the results obtained are discussed in distinct types of partial epilepsy. HR-EEG and MEG allow localization of scalp-EEG interictal spikes and more rarely ictal activities. They now contribute to the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant partial epilepsies. These investigations appear to be of particular importance in presurgical assessment of MRI-negative epilepsy.     

Localised (circumscribed) nodular synovitis (histiocytic xanthogranuloma)

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery - Localised nodular synovitis is a benign tumour which originates from the synovia. The circumscribed nodules are characterised by multinucleated giant...     

Biodistribution of55Fe (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate (55Fe (II)-TsPc)

Phthalocyanines may be an alternative group of macrocycles applicable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Although as a class, phthalocyanines localize in tumours, efficacy of cytotoxicity appears to depend to some degree on the specific compound. Biodistribution patterns of the phthalocyanines are similar to those for dihaematoporphyrin ether (DHE); the major sites of deposition being liver, kidney and spleen while the remaining organs show varying degrees of accumulation. The optimal time for PDT when using phthalocyanine appears to be between 24 and 48 h.     

“三合一型”全髋关节置换术后并发症探讨

作者通过用自行研制的“三合一型”人工髋关节,施行全髋置换手术52例.40例经长期随访,结果52.5%的病人先后出现各种并发症.作者通过临床资料例举了各种并发症产生原因及处理方法,最后指出施行人工关节置换手术指征要严,而使用的人工关节必需具备一定要求.