腹腔镜阑尾切除术中钛夹与丝线的对比研究

目的比较在腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）中运用普通丝线及运用钛夹结扎阑尾动脉及阑尾根部的效果。方法回顾性分析54例行LA的阑尾炎患者的临床资料,其中28例使用钛夹（钛夹组）,26例使用丝线（丝线组）。结果手术均获成功,无中转开腹,无并发症发生。钛夹组与丝线组在住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量和手术费用方面均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论LA术中使用普通丝线结扎阑尾动脉及根部安全、可靠、经济。     

非气腹单孔拖出式腹腔镜阑尾切除术与常规腹腔镜阑尾切除术的比较

目的 探讨非气腹单孔拖出式腹腔镜阑尾切除术的疗效.方法 2010年1月~2012年1月对93例慢性阑尾炎、急性单纯性阑尾炎分别施行非气腹单孔拖出式腹腔镜阑尾切除手术（单孔组,n=42）和常规腹腔镜阑尾切除术（常规组,n=51）,比较2组手术时间、术后排气时间、术后住院时间及费用.结果 单孔组8例为后位阑尾,无法单钳局部分离,改行传统腹腔镜下阑尾切除;常规组51例行传统腹腔镜下三孔阑尾切除术,无中转开腹.单孔组手术时间（26.1±3.2）min,显著短于常规组（47.1±4.4）min（t=-23.912,P=0.000）;单孔组术后恢复排气时间（12.1±2.1）h,显著短于常规组（20.1±1.9）h（t=-18.231,P=0.000）;单孔组术后住院时间（2.1±0.7）d,明显短于常规组（3.1±0.6）d（t=-7.039,P=0.000）;单孔组住院费用（5066.7±99.6）元明显少于常规组（5996.7±119.3）元（t=-37.543,P=0.000）.93例术后随访3～6个月,平均5.3月,均无并发症发生.结论 非气腹单孔拖出式腹腔镜阑尾切除术手术安全可行,与常规三孔法腹腔阑尾切除术相比,恢复快、费用少,切口瘢痕藏于脐部,美容效果更好.     

Clinical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy

Background:

Appendectomy, being the most common surgical procedure performed in general surgery, is still being performed by both open and laparoscopic methods due to a lack of consensus as to which is the most appropriate method. Because further trials are necessary and few such studies have been performed in developing countries, we decided to evaluate the outcomes of the 2 procedures to share our experience with the international community.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with suspected acute appendicitis who underwent laparoscopic (LA) (n=48) and open (n=52) appendectomy (OA) over a period of 3 years were studied. Clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups in relation to operative time, analgesia used, length of hospital stay, return to work, resumption of a regular diet, and postoperative complications.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 25.8 years in the laparoscopic and 25.5 years in the open group. Patient demographics were similar in both groups (P>0.05). There was significantly less need for analgesia (1.0±0.5 in LA and 1.5±0.6 doses in OA), a short hospital stay (1.4±0.7 in LA and 3.4±1.0 days in OA), early return to work (12.6±3.3 in LA and 19.1±3.1 days in OA), and less time needed to return to a regular diet (20.1±2.9 in LA and 22.0±4.7, P<0.05 in OA) in the laparoscopic appendectomy group. Operative time was significantly shorter (54.9±14.7 in LA and 13.6±12.6 minutes in OA) in the open group. Total number of complications was less in the laparoscopic group; however, there was no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

The laparoscopic technique is a safe and clinically beneficial operative procedure. It provides certain advantages over open appendectomy, including short hospital stay, decreased requirement of postoperative analgesia, early food tolerance, and earlier return to normal activities. Where feasible, laparoscopy should be undertaken as the initial procedure of choice for most cases of suspected appendicitis.     

改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术58例报告

目的：探讨改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床价值。方法2011年10月～2014年2月我院行改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术58例。自耻骨联合上方约2 cm阴毛处,做2个长约5 mm横形切口,两切口相距3～5 cm,分别置入5 mm trocar,作为2个操作孔,处理阑尾及其系膜,阑尾根部用套扎线套扎,切除阑尾,阑尾标本装入异物袋取出。结果58例均顺利完成改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,手术时间20～80 min,平均35 min;术后住院时间3～7 d,平均4 d。术后2例穿刺口感染,换药处理后切口愈合良好。58例随访3～12个月,平均8个月,无一例出现穿刺口疝和粘连性肠梗阻等并发症。结论改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,术后瘢痕更隐蔽,美观效果更好。     

经脐三孔腹腔镜下阑尾切除56例体会

目的探讨经脐三孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的可行性。方法 2010年2～7月经脐三孔行腹腔镜阑尾切除术56例,以脐为中心,沿脐周皮肤皱褶线画圆,从2点钟方向弧行切开皮肤1 cm,置入10 mm trocar,入镜观察阑尾及盆腔情况后,决定行经脐腹腔镜手术,于脐10点钟方向置入10 mm trocar为主操作孔,脐5～6点钟方向置入5 mm trocar为副操作孔。游离出阑尾动静脉,4号丝线结扎,结扎切除阑尾,荷包埋入。结果 56例采用普通硬质腹腔镜器械经脐切除阑尾取得成功,无一例中转开腹。术后无腹腔出血、戳孔感染及脐疝等并发症。手术时间30～90 min,平均40 min。术后1个月随访瘢痕被脐皱襞遮盖,不易察觉。结论经脐三孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术安全可行但操作较为困难,术后腹壁瘢痕不明显。     

经脐单一部位腹腔镜阑尾切除术26例报告

目的探讨经脐单一部位腹腔镜阑尾切除术（transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy,TUSILA）的安全性和可行性。方法 2011年1～10月我院行28例TUSILA。在脐下缘做一15～20 mm弧形切口,置入2个10 mmtrocar和1个5 mm trocar,置入10 mm 30°电子腹腔镜和腹腔镜器械,完成阑尾切除术。结果 26例成功施行TUSILA,1例盲肠后位阑尾炎中转开腹,1例改三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术。26例TUSILA手术时间25～60 min,（40.6±12.8）min;术后24h下床活动,恢复流质饮食;术后2～5 d出院。26例随访1～6个月,平均4.6月,均无术后出血、肠漏、切口感染等并发症,切口瘢痕隐蔽,患者对美容效果满意。结论 TUSILA安全可行,美容效果突出,与传统腹腔镜阑尾切除术相比,操作难度增加,术者须严格掌握手术适应证,操作困难时应及时转为常规腹腔镜或中转开腹手术。     

腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术的系统评价

目的评价腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术的临床效果。方法按照Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索PubMed、Wiley Online Library、Medline、Embase、Cochrane图书馆及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊网全文数据库(VIP)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(CNKI),检索时间截至2011年11月,并手工检索相关文献,查找比较腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术的随机对照文献。由2位研究者按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献,评价质量并提取资料后采用RevMan 4.2.2进行Meta分析。分析两种手术方法的伤口感染、住院时间、手术时间、住院费用及腹腔脓肿发生率。结果纳入8篇随机对照试验,Meta分析结果显示,腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术的伤口感染〔OR=0.19,95%CI(0.09,0.38),P<0.000 01〕、手术时间〔WMD=3.66,95%CI(0.50,6.82),P=0.02〕及住院费用〔WMD=503.96,95%CI(337.23,670.70),P<0.000 01〕比较,差异均有统计学意义;二者的住院时间〔WMD=-0.11,95%CI(-3.64,3.43),P=0.95〕及腹腔脓肿发生率〔OR=1.40,95%CI(0.23,8.64),P=0.71〕比较,差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除手术较开腹阑尾切除术伤口感染率低,但手术时间长,费用高;二者住院时间和腹腔脓肿发生率差异无统计学意义。     

Hem-o-lok结扎锁在腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用

目的总结腹腔镜阑尾切除应用Hem-o-lok结扎锁处理阑尾根部的经验。方法 2009年5月～2011年6月对284例急性阑尾炎和40例慢性阑尾炎急性发作行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,超声刀切断系膜至阑尾根部,16 mm Hem-o-lok结扎锁(Weck Closure Systems)处理阑尾根部。根部近心端1～2枚Hem-o-lok结扎锁夹闭,远心端以超声刀切断。结果 324例均顺利完成手术,未发生严重并发症。阑尾根部处理顺利,所有病例均用结扎锁完成,无结扎锁滑脱现象。手术时间20～70 min,平均35 min。术中出血2～20 ml,平均10 ml。术后住院3～5 d,平均4 d。300例随访5～14个月,平均7个月,无切口感染、再发右下腹痛等发生。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术中应用Hem-o-lok结扎锁处理阑尾根部,安全可靠,经济实用,操作方便,值得临床推广应用。     

适于基层医院开展的改良腹腔镜阑尾切除术(附390例报告)

目的探讨适于基层医院开展的改良腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)的应用技术。方法2009年12月～2012年1月采用适宜的麻醉方式、规范化三孔法操作、阑尾系膜单极电凝、自制简易圈套器结扎阑尾根部、自制标本袋阑尾取出等改良的LA技术操作,行LA 390例。结果 390例均成功完成LA,无一例中转开腹。手术时间15～120 min,平均30 min。术后病理:急性单纯性阑尾炎102例,急性化脓性阑尾炎199例,慢性阑尾炎58例,穿孔坏疽性阑尾炎25例,阑尾周围脓肿6例。异位阑尾16例:肝下2例,盲肠壁内3例,腹膜后位8例,盆腔低位3例;微型短小阑尾1例。390例术后随访2～24个月,平均6个月,无出血、肠瘘、肠粘连梗阻等并发症。结论改良的LA适于基层医院开展。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术82例临床报告

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床价值。方法我院2009年8月～2010年5月对82例阑尾炎,在脐孔切口1.5 cm应用10 mm 30°腹腔镜,另外置入1～2枚5 mm trocar完成腹腔镜下阑尾切除手术。结果 82例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术及改变手术方式。32例经脐单孔双trocar法手术时间25～50 min,平均34 min。住院时间2～5d,平均3.3 d。50例经脐单孔三trocar法手术时间20～45 min,平均27 min。住院时间2～5 d,平均2.8 d。80例术后随访5～14个月,无切口感染、再发右下腹痛等发生。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术简单易行、安全、并发症少、恢复快、美容效果较好,但需要特殊的可弯曲腹腔镜操作器械,手术费用较高。     

Laparoscopic Appendectomy Performed by Residents and Experienced Surgeons

Background:

Laparoscopic appendectomy is widely performed by surgical residents, but its changing indications and outcomes have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to examine whether a difference exists in indications and outcomes between laparoscopic appendectomies performed by residents and those performed by experienced surgeons.

Methods:

Between 1999 and 2007, 218 laparoscopic appendectomies were performed and recorded. Data were analyzed to compare operations performed by residents with those by experienced surgeons in terms of indications for surgery and severity of disease. Moreover, laparoscopic appendectomies were thoroughly compared regarding outcomes and complications.

Results:

The residents had fewer conversions with laparoscopic appendectomy (8% vs 17%, P=0.04), and similar complication rates (12% vs 13%, P=0.16), compared with experienced surgeons. The median operating time was also comparable (67 minutes vs 60 minutes, P=0.23). However, patients operated on by residents had more emergencies (86% vs 70%, P=0.009), included more foreigners (27% vs 15%, P=0.03), and had intermediate to severe diseases, (81 vs 52%, P<0.001) than patients did operated on by experienced surgeons.

Conclusions:

Surgical residents performed more emergency laparoscopic appendectomies on foreign patients suffering from intermediate to severe diseases compared with experienced surgeons, with comparable surgical outcomes and lower conversion rates.     

Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using Endoloops: A Prospective,Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Inadequate closure of the appendix stump can lead to abscess formation or peritonitis. This prospective randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the number of endoloops needed in laparoscopic appendectomy.Methods A total of 208 patients were randomized in two groups: 109 in group 1 using one and 99 in group 2 using two proximal endoloops. The groups were compared in terms of intra- and postoperative complications.Results Postoperative complications were found in five patients (4.6%) in group 1, consisting of intraabdominal abscesses (three patients), pulmonary embolism (one patient), and persisting port-site pain (one patient). In group 2, postoperative complications were found in five patients (5.1%), consisting of intraabdominal abscesses (four patients) and prolonged percutaneous drainage (one patient). There was no significant difference between the two groups.Discussion In acute appendicitis, a minimal inflamed appendix base can be safely divided using one endoloop.Presented at the 9th EAES annual congress in Maastricht, 13–16 June 2001     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术阑尾残端荷包缝合包埋与Hem-o-lok的比较

目的探讨荷包缝合包埋阑尾残端在腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用价值。方法2010年6月-2013年6月因急慢性阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除术101例,采用2种不同方法处理阑尾残端：50例阑尾根部行丝线结扎后,荷包缝合包埋残端（包埋组）;5l例用Hem-o-lok夹闭阑尾根部后,不再进一步处理阑尾残端（Hem-o-lok组）,比较2组手术时间和术后患者恢复情况。结果2组术后并发症、术后住院时间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。包埋组手术时间（55．8±5．8）min,明显长于Hem-o-lok组（44．8±5．7）min（t=9．613,P=0．000）;包埋组手术费用（5086±58）元,显著少于Hem-o-lok组（5430±50）元（t=-31．945,P=0．000）。结论2种处理阑尾残端的方法都是安全、有效的,但荷包缝合包埋阑尾残端更符合传统阑尾切除术的手术操作要求,对术者腹腔镜操作水平要求较高,但节省手术费用。Hem-o-lok夹闭阑尾根部节省手术时间,操作简单,更适合于初学者。     

经脐双套管技术小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术

目的探讨经脐双套管技术联合单通道腹腔镜小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术的可行性。方法经脐部置入1个10mm trocar（置入单通道腹腔镜）,1个5 mm trocar,经腹腔镜操作通道和5 mm trocar置入加长操作器械完成小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术。结果 38例患儿顺利完成经脐入路腹腔镜阑尾切除术;2例因局部粘连严重,操作困难,中转常规腹腔镜手术。手术时间30～80 min,平均50 min。无切口感染、腹腔脓肿、肠漏等并发症发生。40例术后6个月随访,患儿均恢复顺利,腹壁几乎无可见手术瘢痕。结论经脐双套管技术联合单通道腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术是一种新型的腹壁无瘢痕手术,可行。     

可吸收夹在改良式两孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨Lapro-Clip可吸收生物夹在改良式两孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用价值.方法 2012年3月~2013年6月,对112例急、慢性阑尾炎行两孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术,均用Lapro-Clip可吸收生物夹（12 mm）处理阑尾及其系膜.结果 手术均顺利完成,手术时间18～44 min,（25.6±7.8）min,术中出血〈15 ml,术后仅6例应用镇痛药,无腹腔残余感染、肠漏及肠梗阻等.术后住院2～5 d,（3.9±0.9）d.结论 两孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术中用Lapro-Clip可吸收生物夹处理阑尾及其系膜,操作方便,出血少,创伤小,疼痛轻,恢复快.     

腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术的对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopicappendectomy,LA)与开腹阑尾切除术(openappendectomy,OA)的适应证、安全性及临床效果。方法回顾性对比分析168例LA与同期216例OA的临床资料。结果比较两组病人术后下床活动时间、术后排气时间、疼痛评分、止痛药使用率和术后并发症发生率,LA组均优于OA组(P<0.05),但手术时间和综合费用无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论与OA相比,LA具有适应证广、安全性高、创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快,可同时进行腹腔和盆腔的探查与处理的优势。     

腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术对小儿体液免疫和蛋白质代谢影响的比较

目的比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）和开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy,OA）术后体液免疫与蛋白质代谢指标水平的变化,评价LA在小儿阑尾疾病中的应用价值。方法阑尾炎患儿56例,依患儿家长意愿分为LA组和OA组,分别于术前、术后24h和72h采取外周静脉血检测免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3、C4,C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）,血清前白蛋白（prealbumin,PA）和转铁蛋白（transferrin,TRF）,进行统计学处理,并比较2组患儿术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间。结果2组术后24、27h免疫球蛋白IgM、IgA比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。IgG在LA术后24h明显降低（P〈0.05）,术后72h与术前无差异（P〉0.05）;与OA组间比较,术后24、72h均有显著性差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.05）,但2组的变化均在正常生理范围内。补体C3在LA和OA术后24、72h组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。C4在LA术后24h较术前明显降低（P〈0.05）,但与OA组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。CRP水平在LA术后24、72h持续明显降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.05）,在OA术后则先有升高再降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.05）,组间比较术后24h有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,72h差异消失（P〉0.05）。PA在OA术后24h有明显降低（P〈0.05）,与LA组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。TRF在LA和OA术后24h均有降低（P〈0.05）,术后72h恢复接近术前水平（P〉0.05）,2组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。与OA组比较,LA组胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间明显缩短（P=0.000,P=0.000）。结论LA较OA对小儿机体体液免疫和蛋白质代谢影响小,LA更具有切口微小、胃肠功能恢复快、住院时间短的临床优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除术的临床应用。方法对24例阑尾炎合并胆囊良性病变患者实施胆囊阑尾腹腔镜联合切除。其中急性阑尾炎伴胆囊结石9例,急性阑尾炎伴胆囊息肉样变7例,胆囊结石伴慢性阑尾炎8例。结果全部病例腹腔镜手术均获成功,手术时间平均65（50—100）min,术后平均住院4．8（3～6）d,无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜胆囊阑尾联合切除术以一次手术、一次麻醉解决两种病痛,且创伤小、恢复快、安全有效,但应注意严格掌握适应证。     

微创保胆联合腹腔镜阑尾切除的应用

目的探讨微创保胆联合腹腔镜阑尾切除手术的可行性。方法对26例胆囊结石或胆囊息肉合并急、慢性阑尾炎患者实施微创保胆联合腹腔镜阑尾切除手术。结果手术均获成功,平均手术时间80（50-110）min,平均住院天数4（3-9）d。全部病人均恢复正常工作或生活,随访7（4-12）个月,B超检查未见胆囊结石及胆囊息肉复发,无并发症发生。结论在掌握好手术指征及熟练的腹腔镜操作技术的前提下,微创保胆联合腹腔镜阑尾切除手术是安全可行的。     

无选择性腹腔镜阑尾切除术500例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术的适应证及其优缺点。方法 1995年2月至1999年12月间，无选择连续行腹腔镜阑尾切除术500例。结果 全过程在腹腔镜下完成491例(98.2%)，中转开腹9例（1.8%)，术后平均住院4d .500例均痊愈出院，术后未发生出血，肠瘘，肠粘连，肠梗阻以及死亡的病例，结论 腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有创伤小，痛苦轻，并发症少，住院时间短，术后恢复快，漏诊或误诊率低等优点，值得推广。