应用腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉夹层及随访

目的:总结应用腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层经验并报道中期随访结果。方法:22例急性和2例慢性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者接受腔内隔绝术治疗,术后1、6、12个月,以后每年随访胸部X线平片与螺旋CT检查。结果:24例患者中23例技术成功,1例因支架故障技术失败,技术成功率95·8%。临床随访:23例技术成功患者中22例假腔内完全血栓形成,1例患者部分血栓形成,1例术后1周死于脑栓塞,1例术后3个月囊性动脉瘤形成需行外科血管置换术。临床成功率87·5%。结论:腔内隔绝术治疗急慢性胸腹主动脉夹层技术可行,中期疗效满意,远期疗效需要进一步随访观察。     

Predictors of mortality after emergency or elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a Japanese population

In Japan, there has been virtually no study in a population large enough to definitively demonstrate a relationship between the preoperative clinical features and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The aim of this study was to determine the preoperative variables that significantly predict postoperative mortality after emergency or elective repair in Japanese patients with infrarenal AAA. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed significant predictors of postoperative mortality in 1055 consecutive patients undergoing emergency (n = 186) or elective repair (n = 869) of an infrarenal AAA at the University of Tokyo Hospital or Sakakibara Heart Institute (Tokyo, Japan). Using logistic regression analysis, anemia (hemoglobin <9 g/dl), shock (systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg), and hypocholesterolemia (total cholesterol <120 mg/dl) were found to be independent preoperative predictors of 30-day mortality after emergency repair for ruptured AAA. The hazard ratio (HR) (95 % confidence interval) for these three predictors was 5.96 (1.70–20.84), 8.48 (1.47–49.02), and 7.31 (1.96–27.35), respectively. In the elective repair cases, no significant preoperative predictor of postoperative mortality could be identified either within or beyond 30 days of surgery. Hypocholesterolemia, anemia, and shock were found to be independent preoperative predictors of a postoperative high mortality rate in Japanese patients undergoing emergency repair for ruptured infrarenal AAA.     

管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨管腔内支架替代传统手术治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的可行性及效果.方法 从2003年6月至2005年6月,12例急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者接受管腔内支架人工血管治疗.结果 12例患者无死亡.共放支架12支,胸降主动脉受压夹层真腔全部恢复正常管径,无中转手术.术后3个月、1年随访,行CTA检查未发现与支架有关的并发症.结论管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种有效的治疗方法.     

Outcome of colonic fistula surgery in the modern surgical era

Background

Various conditions lead to the development of colonic fistulas. Contemporary surgical data is scarce and it is unclear whether advances in surgical care have impacted outcome. The aim of the present study was to review the short- and long-term outcome of patients treated surgically for colonic fistula over an 8-year period at a tertiary institution.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed, focusing on the type of operative interventions, short- and long-term complications, length of hospital stay, readmission rate, mortality rate, and fistula recurrence.

Results

Forty-five patients were treated for colonic fistula. The most common etiology was diverticulitis (74 %). Fistula type was colovesical (58 %), colocutaneous (18 %) and colovaginal (15 %). Laparoscopic resection was performed in 42 % of cases. An intraoperative complication occurred in 4 %. A primary anastomosis was performed in 96 % of patients and 10 (23 %) had a temporary stoma. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days. Postoperative complications were common (47 %) and wound infection was noted in 20 % of patients. The readmission rate was 29 % and the 90-day mortality was 4 %. All patients healed their fistula with no recurrences noted during a median follow-up of 37 months.

Conclusions

Surgical intervention healed the majority of patients with colonic fistula. However postoperative complications were common and readmission occurred in one-third of the cases. Laparoscopic excision was feasible in nearly half of the patients.     

Endovascular repair of a ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm

Endovascular aneurysm repair has considerable potential advantages over the surgical approach as a treatment for thoracic aortic rupture, in part because open surgical repair of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. We describe the successful endovascular deployment of stent-grafts to repair a contained rupture of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm in an 86-year-old man whose comorbidities prohibited surgery. Two months after the procedure, magnetic resonance angiography showed a patent stent-graft, a patent left subclavian artery, and complete exclusion of the aneurysm.     

全胸腹主动脉置换术后脊髓缺血的临床分析

目的:分析全胸腹主动脉置换术(total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair,t TAAAR)后出现脊髓缺血(spinal cord ischemia,SCI)患者的临床特点、危险因素及治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院于2012年1月至2013年2月间,常温、非体外循环下行t TAAAR治疗患者的临床资料,共31例(男性20例,女性11例),平均年龄(38±12)岁。患者均为Crawford II型胸腹主动脉瘤,其中Stanford A型夹层5例,Stanford B型夹层20例,真性动脉瘤6例。结果:t TAAAR手术成功率100%,围术期病死率3.2%。术后随访1年,出现脊髓缺血7例(22.6%),经过积极的激素冲击、甘露醇脱水、脑脊液引流等治疗后,4例(12.9%)下肢轻瘫患者完全恢复,3例(9.7%)截瘫患者进一步改善。结论:脊髓缺血是t TAAAR术后严重并发症,加强围术期的脊髓保护,监测脑脊液压力,并进行积极的对症治疗,能有效减少其发生率。     

顺序动脉钳夹与重要分支复置技术在胸腹主动脉瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的探讨顺序动脉钳夹与重要动脉分支复置技术在胸腹主动脉瘤（TAAA）外科治疗中的应用前景。方法应用顺序性动脉钳夹技术和重要动脉分支复置技术行TAAA人工血管置换治疗TAAA患者27例。结果27例患者中，手术治愈26例（96．30％），术后死亡1例（3．70％）。术后出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征1例，胸腔积液2例，肺部感染1例，总的并发症发生率是18．52％。结论重要动脉分支复置技术治疗TAAA治愈率高，并发症少，是一种很有前景的治疗手段。     

Extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair using deep hypothermic bypass and circulatory arrest

We sought to evaluate the safety and usefulness of deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with intervals of circulatory arrest for extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Between March 1994 and December 2002, 17 patients with Crawford type I and II were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: group H (hypothermic circulatory arrest, n = 8) and group N (normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, n = 9). In group H, in-hospital mortality was 12.5%, and that in group N was 11.1%. Operation times were similar between the two groups though the cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly shorter in group N than in group H (p < 0.05). Postoperative paraplegia occurred in 1 patient of group N. Postoperative renal dysfunction occurred in none of group H except in 1 preoperative dialysis case, whilst it occurred in 6 patients of group N. Postoperative creatinine levels were significantly higher in group N than in group H. Three cases in group H required tracheostomy. Our experience with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest for diffuse type thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm confirms the safety and efficacy of this technique. Although respiratory complications remain a problem, the technique is considered to be effective for renal protection.     

Chylothorax complicating repairs of the descending and thoracoabdominal aorta

BACKGROUND: Chylothorax occurring during thoracic aortic surgery is an infrequent but serious complication. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with this complication and the resulting outcomes. METHODS: From January 1991 to July 2005, we performed 1,233 descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgical procedures. A retrospective review was performed to analyze and identify preoperative and operative risk factors as well as management outcomes of postoperative chylothorax (PCT). RESULTS: PCT developed in five patients (0.4%). All five cases occurred with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair, and 80% (four of five patients) were undergoing aortic reoperation. All patients were managed successfully with no mortality. Risk factors for the development of chylothorax were descending thoracic aortic repair (p = 0.006) and thoracic aortic reoperations (p = 0.0003). Nonoperative management was successful in 60% (three of five patients). Two patients required left thoracotomy with direct ligation. Mean hospital length of stay was 35 days (range, 15 to 60 days). Mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 3 to 69 months) with no recurrence of chylothorax or additional morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Chylothorax is more likely to occur with reoperations and repairs involving the descending thoracic aorta. Although PCT is associated with longer hospital length of stay, it is not associated with increased infectious complications. Early identification and prompt treatment may decrease both early and late morbidity and mortality.     

胸腹主动脉置换术患者术后脊髓损伤的危险因素分析

目的:分析胸腹主动脉置换术(TAAA)患者术后脊髓损伤的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院自2011年7月至2018年1月,TAAA术患者204例围术期资料,根据是否发生术后脊髓损伤分为对照组与脊髓损伤组。结果:术后脊髓损伤的发生率为4.9%(10/204例)。单因素分析发现术毕血乳酸浓度与二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、CrawfordⅢ型、严重呼吸系统并发症、透析、脑脊液压力、术后24 h内最低HGB浓度、ICU时间、以及异体红细胞输注量与术后脊髓损伤有关。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,脑脊液压力(OR=1.350,95%CI:1.102～1.653,P=0.004)、术毕血乳酸浓度(OR=1.256,95%CI:0.996～1.583,P=0.054)与术毕PaCO_2(OR=1.112,95%CI:1.013～1.220,P=0.025)是术后脊髓损伤的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析示脑脊液压力临界值为14.5 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。结论:TAAA术患者术后脊髓损伤的发生率仍然较高。脑脊液压力、术毕血乳酸浓度与PaCO_2是TAAA术患者术后脊髓损伤的独立危险因素。     

New surgical techniques for the prevention of paraplegia during aortic surgery.

It has been shown in previous publications that ischemic spinal cord injury after aortic cross-clamping may be produced by a steal-phenomenon. The present study investigates this phenomenon and the direction of spinal cord blood flow by directly measuring the oxygen tension on the spinal cord surface in pigs. After simple clamping of the aorta, oxygen tension decreased significantly distal to the clamping site both after occlusion of the thoracic aorta at T3-4 (group I) and the abdominal aorta at L1 (group II). Exclusion of the thoracic aorta by second clamping at T 13 restored oxygen tension almost to the control level while segmentation of the abdominal aorta up to S1 hardly affected oxygen tension in the area of the Adamkiewicz artery in most animals. An additional occlusion of the spinal cord proximal to the measuring point did not lead to a significant alteration of oxygen tension. It is concluded that, after aortic cross-clamping, blood tends to drain away from the spinal cord rather than supply it longitudinally. A steal phenomenon always has to be taken into account if any radicular artery, especially the artery of Adamkiewicz, supplies the spinal cord distal to the clamping. Without cognizance of the position of the Adamkiewicz artery in man as well as of the competence of the collateral circulation in the excluded segment, a new additional strategy needs to be developed for repair of the aorta. Two surgical techniques for the prevention of paraplegia after aortic cross-clamping are described and discussed: the counter occlusion technique and the bypass fractionated technique.     

Two-stage combined endovascular and surgical approach for recurrent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: To present a 2-stage combined endovascular and surgical approach for recurrent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). CASE REPORT: A 78-year-old man with previous surgical repairs of infrarenal abdominal and descending thoracic aortic aneurysms was referred for dysphagia due to an enlarging 9-cm aneurysm extending from the mid thoracic to the suprarenal aorta. Because no suitable endograft was available, an open repair was attempted, but the presence of a "frozen" chest made the redo procedure extremely difficult. A 2-stage treatment was thus decided upon. First, a retrograde bifurcated bypass graft was implanted from the abdominal aortic graft to the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Twenty days later, the TAAA was successfully excluded with a stent-graft, during which spinal fluid drainage was performed to prevent paraplegia. At 6 months, computed tomography showed patency of the endoprosthesis and visceral grafts. At 1 year, the patient remains asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that a 2-stage combined endovascular and surgical approach may be a safe and effective alternative to reoperation for recurrent TAAA.