完全肺静脉电隔离在环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动中的意义

目的:评价环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动时以完全肺静脉电隔离作为消融终点的意义。方法:将83例有症状的阵发性房颤患者分为两组,在CARTO指导下,行环肺静脉的线型消融一组(CPVA Lasso组)43例,消融终点:肺静脉传入、传出阻滞,肺静脉完全电隔离。另一组(CPVA组)40例,消融终点为两侧环肺静脉消融线完整,局部双极电位振幅减低>80%或振幅<0.1 mv;随访3～6个月,对部分药物无效的复发房颤或房速的患者行第2次消融治疗,采用CPVA Lasso方案。结果:第1次消融结束后,两组患者经过3～6个月随访,CPVA组有24例(60%),CPVA Lasso组32例(74%),在停服抗心律失常药物后无房颤或房速的发作。对两组中20例药物无效的复发房颤或房速的患者行第2次消融手术,再次消融术中所有患者均采用CPVA Lasso方案,术后随访3～9个月,停服抗心律失常药物后,症状性房颤或房速不再发作者18例(90%)。结论:环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗有症状的阵发性房颤患者时,以完全肺静脉电隔离为消融终点可有效防止房颤的复发。     

超声消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动9例

目的　利用美国IBI公司生产的超声消融球囊导管和超声消融发生仪治疗和随访阵发性心房颤动 9例 ,观察疗效和并发症。方法　 9例患者中男性 5例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 (5 4 4± 5 2 )岁。其中 1例为轻度高血压患者 ,其余无明显器质性心血管病病史。阵发性心房颤动病史平均为 (4 3± 3 7)年。全部患者房颤发作频率在每月 3次或以上。经穿间隔卵圆窝置入左 1号Swartz鞘 ,经Swartz鞘送入头端可控大头电极分别送至不同肺静脉 ,直接用大头电极标侧肺静脉肌袖电位或换用A focus电极标侧 ,对存在肌袖电位的肺静脉行超声消融。功率一般为 35～ 4 0瓦 ,温度为 6 0℃ ,每次消融时间为 12 0秒 ,重复至肺静脉电位被隔离或消失 ,但同一肺静脉重复消融不超过 10次。结果　本组完全成功脱离药物治疗 3例 ,发作次数明显减少或少量药物能够维持不发作 2例 ,有 2例完全无效 ,另 2例需要进一步随访。结论　超声消融肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动 ,本组成功率和有效率超过 5 0 % ,无肺静脉狭窄等并发症。     

肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动的护理

总结8例心房颤动患者行肺静脉电隔离治疗的护理。治疗前做好心理护理及准备工作,加强用药监护;治疗后做好常规护理,进行健康教育,并强化用药指导,对提高患者生活质量及减少并发症、心房颤动复发具有重要意义。     

阵发性心房颤动的环肺静脉电隔离单环消融及双环消融术的比较

目的 比较环肺静脉电隔离单环消融和双环消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的疗效.方法 将40例抗心律失常药治疗无效或出现严重不良反应的阵发性房颤患者,按随机数字表法分为单环消融组和双环消融组,每组20例.单环消融组距肺静脉口0.5 cm作肺静脉单环电隔离线;双环消融组距肺静脉口0.5 cm和1 cm处,分别作肺静脉单环电隔离线.对2组患者手术时间、X线曝光时间,术后6、12个月治愈情况及肺静脉狭窄并发症的发生进行比较.结果 术前2组年龄,房颤发病时间、发作频率,左房内径等比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).2组手术时间、术中X线曝光时间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).术后6个月,双环消融组的一次手术治愈率为90％,高于单环消融组的80％(P＜0.05);术后12个月,双环消融组二次手术治愈率为95％,明显高于单环消融组的二次手术治愈率的90％ (P＜0.05).术后6个月2组均未发生肺静脉狭窄.结论 环肺静脉电隔离双环消融治疗阵发性房颤较单环消融效果好.     

射频消融肺静脉电隔离术常见并发症的循证护理

总结导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术常见并发症的循征护理。循证小组成员对导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术的常见并发症进行汇总、筛选,应用计算机网络检索有关文献,对证据的真实性、可靠性、实用性作出评判和选择,结合临床经验,对28例患者实施相应的护理。28例中发生心包填塞2例、迷走神经反射2例、栓塞1例,经采取有效的护理措施,症状均缓解。     

心房颤动射频消融左、右侧环肺静脉电隔离顺序对手术的影响

目的：探究心房颤动射频术中左、右侧肺静脉消融顺序对迷走反应发生率及疗效的影响。方法：连续纳入自2019年2月至2021年6月共142例诊断为房颤并于我院行射频治疗的患者。根据左、右肺静脉隔离顺序将分为两组：R组（n=70）：先行右侧环肺静脉电隔离;L组（n=72）：先行左侧环肺静脉电隔离。对比两组间总手术时间、总消融时间、术中迷走反应发生率及手术成功率。结果：术中L组共10例（10/72）发生低血压,而R组0例（0/70）发生,两组间低血压发生率存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。L组共23例（23/72）发生心脏停搏,而R组共5例（5/70）,两组间心脏停搏发生率存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。L组平均手术时间显著长于R组[（155.11±27.54）min vs(141.59±26.18)min,P<0.05],两组间消融时间无统计学差异[（1521.54±389.66）s vs(1434.01±366.82)s,P>0.05]。两组所有患者均达到双侧肺静脉电隔离,平均随访（9.3±4.7）个月,L组共17例（17/72）、R组14例（14/70）复发（P>...     

经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动临床研究

[目的]探讨经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的有效性与安全性.[方法]60例阵发性心房颤动患者药物治疗无效且反复发作,采用节段性消融肺静脉电隔离术、CARTO和EnSite 3000三维空间标测系统指导下肺静脉电隔离术3种不同的方法进行肺静脉电位经导管射频消融隔离治疗,术后随访3～41个月.[结果]60例患者中42例(70.0%)经消融成功,10例(16.7%)有效,8例(13.3%)失败,无严重并发症;CARTO和EnSite 3000三维空间标测系统指导肺静脉电隔离术可明显减少X线曝光时间.[结论]经导管射频消融治疗局灶性心房颤动是可行的,对大部分患者是有效的.     

三维标测系统指导下肺静脉隔离及左房线性消融治疗心房颤动的护理

目的 探讨在三维标测系统(CARTO)指导下进行肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动的护理.方法 对2例阵发房颤患者行肺静脉隔离术进行观察和护理.术前做好心理护理,常规术前准备.术后密切观察患者生命体征,加强并发症的观察和护理.结果 随访3月,房颤无复发,无血栓及肺静脉狭窄等并发症的发生.结论 三维标测系统下肺静脉隔离治疗房颤安全有效.高质量的护理是三维标侧系统下肺静脉隔离治疗心房纤颤的重要保证.     

三维标测系统指导下肺静脉隔离及左房线性消融治疗心房颤动的护理

目的探讨在三维标测系统(CARTO)指导下进行肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动的护理。方法对2例阵发房颤患者行肺静脉隔离术进行观察和护理。术前做好心理护理,常规术前准备。术后密切观察患者生命体征,加强并发症的观察和护理。结果随访3月,房颤无复发,无血栓及肺静脉狭窄等并发症的发生。结论三维标测系统下肺静脉隔离治疗房颤安全有效。高质量的护理是三维标侧系统下肺静脉隔离治疗心房纤颤的重要保证。     

阵发性心房颤动患者环肺静脉射频消融术后复发的预测因素研究

目的探讨阵发性心房颤动（PAF）患者左心房功能联合B型脑钠肽（BNP）预测环肺静脉射频消融术（CPVA）后复发的意义。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月在常州市第一人民医院住院的拟行第一次CPVA术的PAF患者201例。CPVA术前测定患者血液BNP水平;实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）获取左心房时间-容积曲线;根据术后3个月动态心电图结果,将PAF患者分为窦性心律组和复发组。应用多因素Logistic回归分析影响CPVA术后PAF复发的独立危险因素;对获得的独立危险因素行预测PAF复发的ROC曲线,比较不同指标的效能。 结果201例PAF患者完成CPVA术,随访中36例（17.9%）复发,复发组BNP高于窦性心律组（P＜0.05）。2组间左心房最大容积指数（LAVImax）、左心房最小容积指数（LAVImin）差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;2组间膨胀指数（EI）、舒张期射血指数（DEI）、被动射血指数（PEI）、主动射血指数（AEI）差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明：术前BNP、DEI及PAF病史是PAF复发的独立预测因素（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示：DEI及联合指标（DEI+BNP）预测CPVA术后复发的效能均优于LAVImin（AUC：0.881 vs 0.686、0.901 vs 0.686,均P<0.05）;联合诊断的特异性优于DEI及BNP（89.7% vs 79.4%、89.7% vs 72.7%,均P＜0.05）。 结论CPVA术治疗的PAF患者中,左心房存储功能受损及BNP增高均是CPVA术后PAF复发的独立预测因素,两者联合可提高预测复发的特异度。     

环肺静脉射频消融术治疗伴有肺部疾病的心房颤动的预后

目的：肺部疾病与心房颤动(房颤)关系密切。回顾性分析北京同仁医院行环肺静脉消融术治疗伴有肺部疾病的房颤患者预后,评估肺部疾病是否影响手术的复发率。方法入院行房颤射频消融术的患者189例,其中伴有肺部疾病者11例,包括肺栓塞3例,肺结核5例,慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)3例,设为病例组。分析房颤射频消融术的疗效,其中2例伴有肺动脉高压及心功能Ⅲ级(NYHA 分级),比较在射频消融术前、术后肺动脉收缩压的变化。同时根据病例组每例的性别、年龄设置2例不伴有肺部疾病的房颤患者作为对照,共22例,设为对照组。比较两组术前肺动脉收缩压的差异及术后房颤复发率。结果病例组肺动脉收缩压明显高于对照组,(28.54±12.86) mmHg vs (14.13±5.89)mmHg(P <0.01),且通过 CT 肺静脉重建证实5例肺静脉解剖结构受损;经过第一次房颤射频消融术后,病例组成功率达72.7%(8/11);经过第二次房颤射频消融术,成功率达90.9%(10/11)。2例伴有肺动脉高压的心功能Ⅳ级患者,1例经射频消融术后随访1个月肺动脉高压有所好转,而另外1例加重;平均随访(7.3±6.7)月,两组短期疗效差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论肺动脉压升高且心功能Ⅲ级的伴有肺部疾病的房颤患者可进行环肺静脉射频消融术,且安全有效。虽然部分慢性肺部疾病影响房颤患者的肺动脉收缩压和肺静脉解剖结构,但房颤射频消融术的短期复发率与不伴有肺部疾病患者无差异。     

多层螺旋CT在房颤射频消融术前的应用

目的评价应用多层螺旋CT在房颤射频消融术前观察肺静脉形态结构的可行性。方法对71例房颤患者进行64层螺旋CT检查及肺静脉造影检查,并测量肺静脉数量、开口大小。结果CT共显示290根肺静脉,59例（83.1%）患者有典型的左上、下肺静脉和右上、下肺静脉4个心房开口。9例（12.9%）有单独心房开口的副肺静脉。3例（4%）为左肺静脉共干。肺静脉造影显示283根肺静脉。各肺静脉开口平均直径不同,CT及肺静脉造影测量肺静脉直径无显著差异。结论应用多层螺旋CT可清晰显示肺静脉的形态结构,有助于提高射频消融治疗房颤的成功率,减少并发症。     

Pulmonary vein morphology before and after segmental isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: The morphology of the pulmonary veins (PVs) before and after segmental isolation of the PVs has not been sufficiently characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Multi-slice computed tomography was performed before and 3 +/- 1 months after ablation in 30 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent PV isolation. Before ablation, PV narrowing (> or =25% luminal reduction) was found in nine (8%) PVs. After ablation, de novo PV narrowing was found in 24 PVs (26%) and was detected only in the supero-inferior direction in 14 PVs (58%). The diameter reduction inside the PVs after ablation was greater in the supero-inferior direction (14 +/- 12%) than in the antero-posterior direction (9 +/- 13%; P < 0.0001). In the ablated PVs, the PV trunk was shorter than before ablation (P < 0.0001). The reduction in the diameters of both the PV ostium and the ablation site in the ablated PVs, as well as the diameter of the PV ostium in the nonablated PVs, correlated with the decrease in the left atrial diameter. Shortening of the PV trunk correlated with the severity of PV narrowing, but it was not related to the percent diameter reduction of the left atrium. PV narrowing before or after ablation did not result in any clinical consequences. CONCLUSIONS: PV narrowing is present in about 10% of PVs before ablation. Asymmetric luminal reduction and longitudinal shrinkage of the PV trunk occur after ablation. Reverse remodeling of the PV and contraction of the PV wall may contribute to the reduction in the PV diameter. PV morphology should be assessed with multi-directional views to avoid missing heterogeneous legions.     

Incidental extracardiac findings in cardiac computed tomography performed before radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation

Background: Radiofrequency ablation has became a validated therapeutic technique for symptomatic drug refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate left atrial (LA) anatomy in order to improve AF ablation. The analysis of noncardiac structures during cardiac CT may identify clinically significant incidental findings (IFs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of IF in patients undergoing AF catheter ablation. Methods: Between February 2008 and March 2010, all patients planned for a first procedure of AF or LA tachycardia (LAT) ablation underwent a cardiac CT scan and were retrospectively included in this study. Extracardiac IFs were considered to be present if an abnormality was identified without previous clinical suspicion or known disease. Results: Two hundred and fifty patients (55.2 ± 9.6 years of age, 82.4% men) were enrolled (133 paroxysmal, 43 persistent, 58 permanent AF, and 16 LAT). Fifty‐eight patients (23.2%) had a total of 76 IFs. Patients with IF were significantly older (59.5 ± 8.2 vs 53.8 ± 9.7 years old, P < 0.001). No relationship existed between the type of arrhythmia and IF existence. The majority of IFs were pulmonary (50%), with 15.8% of pulmonary emphysema. Two cases of lung cancer and of pulmonary fibrosis, 15 mediastinal adenopathies, and three congenital coronary arteries anomalies were found. Conclusions: Cardiac CT scan is a useful tool to evaluate LA morphology before AF ablation. However, as a considerable prevalence of IF was found in our study, extracardiac structures should be routinely analyzed to detect unknown conditions, which could require specific management. (PACE 2011; 34:1665–1670)     

多层螺旋CT在房颤导管射频消融术前的应用研究

目的：评估多层螺旋CT在房颤导管射频消融术前的应用价值。方法：收集52例[男27例，女25例，平均年龄（68±11）岁]经导管射频消融术治疗的房颤病人的术前多层螺旋CT资料，进行回顾性分析，观察肺静脉的变异程度、开口形状及开口直径。结果：39例（75%）左心房右侧有两个开口，9例（17%）右侧有3~4个开口（由于有右中叶肺静脉）。4例（8%）右侧有一个开口（共干）。44例（85%）左心房左侧有两个开口，8例（15%）有一个开口（共干）。各肺静脉开口平均直径不同：右上肺静脉（12.5±2.4）mm；左上肺静脉（11.6±2.1）mm；右下肺静脉（13.2±2.0）mm；左下肺静脉（10.6±2.1）mm。左下肺静脉在汇入左房时通常变细。右侧肺静脉开口比左侧圆（肺静脉开口指数0.89±0.20 vs 0.74±0.16，P<0.05）。结论：多层螺旋CT可在导管射频消融术治疗房颤前提供有价值的肺静脉解剖路线图。肺静脉的引流方式、开口形状和直径存在不同。     

Hemoptysis secondary to pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: A case report and literature review

ObjectivesPulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a known complication after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (RAAF) and is often misdiagnosed owing to lack of awareness regarding PVS among noncardiologists. Misdiagnosis results in unnecessary treatment; therefore, greater understanding of PVS can improve the management of these patients.MethodsWe report the case of a 38-year-old man with a history of RAAF who presented with massive hemoptysis. His symptoms persisted despite undergoing transcatheter bronchial artery embolization on two occasions.ResultsPulmonary computed tomography angiography revealed a completely occluded left superior pulmonary vein. Considering the patient’s history of RAAF, we diagnosed him with RAAF-induced PVS and performed left superior lobectomy after which hemoptysis did not recur.ConclusionsUnexplained massive hemoptysis should alert clinicians regarding the possibility of RAAF-induced PVS. Balloon angioplasty and stent placement are used to treat PVS; however, their efficacy is controversial considering the high recurrence rates associated with these interventions.     

Left atrial flutter after segmental ostial radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation

Segmental ostial ablation to electrically isolate pulmonary veins has been performed for atrial fibrillation. Left atrial flutter that utilized a critical isthmus adjacent to the ostium of the left superior pulmonary vein was diagnosed and successfully ablated in a patient 3 months after a successful pulmonary vein isolation procedure. Documenting the cause of symptoms after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation is critical in guiding therapy.