Myoglobin concentration,creatine kinase,and creatine kinase sub-unit B activity in serum after myocardial ischaemia

The myoglobin concentration. creatine kinase and creatine kinase sub-unit B activity were estimated in fourteen patients with ischaetmic heart disease before and after exercise induced angina pectoris. No changes in these parameters were found.     

The activity of class I,II, III,and IV alcohol dehyrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in endometrial cancer

Objective: The metabolism of cancerous cells is in many ways different than in healthy cells. In endometrial cancer, cells exhibit activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which participate in the metabolism of many biological substances. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolism of endometrial cancer cells and normal endometrial cells by measurement of ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activities in these tissues. Methods: The study material consists of cancerous endometrial tissues obtained from 34 patients. Total ADH activity was measured using the photometric method and ALDH activity using the fluorometric method. For the measurement of class I and II ADH isoenzyme activity, we employed the fluorometric method, with class‐specific fluorogenic substrates. The activity of class III and IV ADH was measured using the photometric method. Results: The activity of the class I ADH isoenzyme was significantly higher in the endometrial cancer tissues when compared with normal endometrial tissues. The other classes of ADH tested did not show significant differences between activity of cancerous cells and healthy endometrium. The activity of total ADH was also significantly higher in endometrial cancer. Conclusion: The increased activity of total ADH in endometrial cancer, especially the class I isoenzyme and normal activity of ALDH, may be the cause of disorders in metabolic pathways that use these isoenzymes and could increase the concentration of acetaldehyde, which is cancerogenic substance. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:334–339, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Human lymphoblastoid cells produce extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes and induce endothelial cell proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis

Human lymphoproliferative diseases can be hypothesized to invade locally and to metastatize via mechanisms similar to those developed by a variety of solid tumors, i.e., the secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes and stimulation of angiogenesis. To assess this hypothesis, Namalwa, Raji, and Daudi cell lines (Burkitt’s lymphoma), LIK and SB cell lines (B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia), CEM and Jurkat cell lines (T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia), and U266 cell line (multiple myeloma) were evaluated for their capacity to produce matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. These cell lines were also assessed for their ability: (1) to produce the angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor; (2) to induce an angiogenic phenotype in cultured endothelial cells, represented by cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and morphogensis; (3) to stimulate angiogenesis in different in vivo experimental models. All cell lines expressed the mRNA for one or both metalloproteinases. Namalwa, Raji, LIK, SB, and U266 cells secreted the active form of both metalloproteinases, while Daudi, CEM, and Jurkat cells produced metalloproteinase-2 but not -9. In contrast, urokinase-type plasminogen activator was secreted only by SB cells. While Raji, LIK, SB, CEM, and Jurkat cells secreted both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, Daudi and U266 cells produced only the former, and Namalwa cells only the latter. Accordingly, the conditioned medium of all cell lines stimulated cell proliferation and/or chemotaxis in cultured endothelial cells, with the exception of that of Namalwa cells which was ineffective. The conditioned medium of CEM and Jurkat cells induced morphogenesis in cultured endothelial cells grown on a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). Lastly, Namalwa, Raji, LIK, SB, U266, CEM, and Jurkat cells induced angiogenesis and mononuclear cell recruitment in the murine Matrigel sponge model and in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. The extent of angiogenesis in both models was strictly correlated with the density of the mononuclear cell infiltrate. The results indicate that human lymphoproliferative disease cells possess both local and remote invasive ability via the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes and the induction of angiogenesis which is fostered by host inflammatory cells and by an intervening ensemble of angiogenic factors.     

缺血修饰白蛋白、肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶及其同功酶联合检测在早期急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肌酸激酶(CK)及其同功酶(CK-MB)在急性冠状动脉综合症(ACS)早期诊断中的应用价值。方法 205例因胸痛入院患者3h内采血检测IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB。ACS以最终出院诊断为标准,分析IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB单独及联合诊断ACS的敏感性、特异性、阳性预示值、阴性预示值,评价多指标联合在ACS早期诊断的价值。结果 IMA诊断ACS的灵敏度、特异性分别为58.8%、60.9%,灵敏度高于cTnT(43.4%)、CK(19.1%)、CK-MB(20.6%),特异性低于其他三指标,四指标联合诊断ACS特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值明显升高(P<0.05)。结论联合IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB检测指标诊断ACS,提高cTnT、CK、CK-MB单一检测的灵敏度。     

缺血修饰白蛋白、肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶及其同功酶联合检测在早期急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、肌酸激酶（CK）及其同功酶（CK-MB）在急性冠状动脉综合症（ACS）早期诊断中的应用价值。方法 205例因胸痛入院患者3h内采血检测IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB。ACS以最终出院诊断为标准,分析IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB单独及联合诊断ACS的敏感性、特异性、阳性预示值、阴性预示值,评价多指标联合在ACS早期诊断的价值。结果 IMA诊断ACS的灵敏度、特异性分别为58.8%、60.9%,灵敏度高于cTnT（43.4%）、CK（19.1%）、CK-MB（20.6%）,特异性低于其他三指标,四指标联合诊断ACS特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论联合IMA、cTnT、CK、CK-MB检测指标诊断ACS,提高cTnT、CK、CK-MB单一检测的灵敏度。     

Sensitive assay of creatine kinase isoenzymes in human serum using M subunit inhibiting antibody and firefly luciferase

A sensitive method for the assay of B subunit and total creatine kinase activity is described. The ATP formation in the creatine kinase reaction is continuously monitored by measuring the bioluminescence obtained with a purified firefly luciferase reagent. The B subunit activity is determined using an M subunit inhibiting antibody resulting in greater than 99.5% and approximately 50% inhibition of MM and MB isoenzymes, respectively. The bioluminescent method correlated well with a similar spectrophotometric method in the assay of B subunit as well as total creatine kinase activity (r greater than or equal to 0.98). However, the bioluminescent assay is considerably more sensitive, allowing the assay of B subunit activity in serum from healthy individuals. This is due to the inherent sensitivity of the bioluminescent assay of ATP, a reduced analytical interference from adenylate kinase and a reduced reagent blank. The within-series precision at 1 U/liter and greater than 52 U/liter corresponded to a C.V. of 14% and 3%, respectively. The method is as rapid and suitable for routine work as spectrophotometric methods. From a clinical point of view the new method is of particular interest in the early diagnosis of small acute myocardial infarctions.     

Statistical interpretation of concentrations of magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, cholesterols, and creatine kinase isoenzymes in men at different stages of ischemic heart disease

We present a statistical interpretation of plasma (Pl) and (or) erythrocyte (Erc) concentrations of magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, and total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, as well as of the activity of total creatine kinase (CK) and its CK-MB isoenzyme, in 26 men with pre-infarction syndrome (PIS) and 34 men with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Discriminant analysis allowed overall comparison of both groups and determination of the most significant variables: CK and Pl-Zn. By non-hierarchical cluster analysis we defined three homogeneous subgroups among MI men, with CK, CK-MB, and Pl-Zn differing significantly between the groups. In PIS men, Pl-Zn was correlated with Pl-Ca, whereas in MI men Pl-Zn was correlated with Pl-Mg. Stepwise regression indicated that Pl-Zn was the most significant regressor of CK in PIS men and of CK-MB in MI men. All these statistical interpretations support a special role of Pl-Zn in diagnosis and perhaps prognosis. After MI, interleukin-1 release may possibly mediate observed hypozincemia via formation of a heart Zn-metallothionein.     

Myoglobin,creatine kinase MB isoforms and creatine kinase MB mass in early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with acute chest pain

OBJECTIVES: Measurements of myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoforms have been suggested to be sensitive tests for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We have investigated the utility of myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK)-MB isoforms and creatine kinase MB mass (CK-MBm) in early diagnosis of MI using cardiac troponin T (cTnT) positivity as a reference. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study population comprised 440 patients who had had chest pain for less than 12 h. Patients were divided into cTnT negative (cTnT-) or cTnT positive (cTnT+) patients (concentration of cTnT >0.1 microg/L at two different time points during 72 h). RESULTS: At the time of admission to the emergency department receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of CK-MB isoforms and CK-MBm were not better than that of myoglobin. Six hours after admission CK-MB isoforms and CK-MBm provided statistically significantly larger areas under the curve (AUC) than myoglobin (p < 0.01). When ROC curves were related to the onset of chest pain (< 3 h, 3-6 h, and > 6 h) there were no significant differences between the cardiac markers studied. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present findings, CK-MB isoforms or myoglobin offer no advantage over CK-MBm as early markers of myocardial infarction.     

Comparative study of erythromycin, troleandomycin and tylosin on the rabbit intestine

Summary— The macrolide antimicrobial agents, erythromycin, troleandomycin and tylosin were tested for their effect on isolated whole segments of the rabbit duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon, as well as on strips of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of the ascending colon. The 14-membered macrolides erythromycin and troleandomycin were found to possess a concentration-dependent contractile effect on the intestinal smooth muscle. The order of potency was: erythromycin > troleandomycin. The 16-membered macrolide tylosin was found to have a much weaker potency than erythromycin and troleandomycin. In addition, the circular smooth muscle of the ascending colon was found to be more sensitive to the compounds tested than the longitudinal smooth muscle.     

Serum creatine kinase and CK-MB isoenzyme responses to acute and prolonged swimming in trained athletes

Six highly-trained male swimmers completed a maximum work capacity tethered swim and a 1-h continuous tethered swim at approximately 70% VO2max in order to evaluate total serum creatine kinase and CK-MB isoenzyme changes. Venous blood obtained before, 5 min post-, 6 h post-, and 24 h post-exercise was analyzed for total serum CK (kinetic UV method, normal = less than 100 U/l) and CK-MB isoenzyme (quantitative electrophoretic technique, normal = less than 5 U/l). VO2max averaged 4.59 +/- 0.28 l/min, with a mean total work time of 24.5 min to achieve maximum capacity. Mean resting total CK was 100.5 +/- 15.8 U/l. Compared to rest, neither swim bout produced a significant (p greater than 0.05) elevation in mean total creatine kinase. No CK-MB isoenzyme was observed in any post-exercise blood sample. Swimming, performed by highly-trained swimmers at high levels of intensity or for prolonged durations, may not impose sufficient degrees of trauma producing muscular stress. Therefore, the structural integrity of the cell membrane is maintained and the loss of intracellular creatine kinase to the bloodstream prevented.     

Comparative effects of sildenafil, phentolamine, yohimbine and L-arginine on the rabbit corpus cavernosum

Penile erection involves relaxation of smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum and associated arterioles. Sildenafil, a highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, is effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sildenafil on smooth muscle of the rabbit corpus cavernosum (RCC) and to compare its effect with those of phentolamine, yohimbine and L-arginine. The effects of sildenafil, phentolamine, yohimbine and L-arginine were studied on the response of the RCC to electrical field stimulation (EFS) as well as on the phenylephrine (PE, 3 x 10(-6) M)-induced tone. EFS caused transient, frequency-dependent relaxation of the RCC that was inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) M). Sildenafil (1 x 10(-9)-1 x 10(-6) M) and phentolamine (1 x 10(-9)-1 x 10(-6) M) enhanced the EFS-induced relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner with ED50 of 0.056 +/- 0.004 and 0.572 +/-0.035 microM at 8 Hz, respectively, yohimbine (3 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-5) M) and L-arginine (3 x 10(-6)-3 x 10(-4) M) did not show significant effects (ED50 at 8 Hz = 35.84 +/-2.24 and 2.164 +/- 0.174 microM, respectively). Sildenafil (1 x 10(-9) and 1 x 10(-8) M) potentiated the EFS-induced relaxation caused by L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) m). Sildenafil, phentolamine, yohimbine and L-arginine reduced the PE-induced tone to different extents; the ED50 values were 0.81 +/- 0.097, 0.49 +/- 0.025 and 13.97 +/- 1.10 microM, respectively. Maximum concentration of L-arginine used failed to produce 50% relaxation (ED20 = 221.82 +/- 15.71 microM). The muscle relaxant effects of different combinations of sildenafil and L-arginine on PE-induced tone did not differ significantly from the sum of the individual effects. The results demonstrate that sildenafil, when compared to other drugs used in penile erection dysfunction, shows the highest potency on the nitrergic transmission in the RCC. On the other hand, phentolamine was found to possess the highest potency in inducing relaxation of RCC proving that its action is independent on the stimulated neurogenic system. In addition, the combination of less effective doses of sildenafil and L-arginine has a potential advantage on erectile functions. The importance of this combination remains to be solved clinically.     

Enzyme measurements by mass: an interim review of the clinical efficacy of some mass measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase and the isoenzymes of creatine kinase

The effects of simultaneous administration of thiamine, niacin or vitamin b₂₁ with vitamin E on plasma vitamin E levels were studied in 20 adult male volunteers belonging to the low socio-economic class. The effect of vitamin E on the nutritional status of pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine as judged by the erythrocyte enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase and transketolase, respectively was also studied.None of the members of the B-complex vitamins studied here had any effect on plasma vitamin E levels. This was in contrast to the observation made earlier that pyridoxine and riboflavin can reduce plasma vitamin E.There was a transient reduction in both the basal and stimulated activities of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase, the significance of which needs further investigation.     

Comparison of serum cardiac specific troponin-I with creatine kinase,creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme,tropomyosin, myoglobin and C-reactive protein release in marathon runners: cardiac or skeletal muscle trauma?

Problems arise in distinguishing skeletal from cardiac muscle trauma on the basis of serum enzyme tests following severe muscle exercise. The contributions of cardiac and skeletal sources have been assessed in eleven marathon runners by measuring pre- and post-race serum levels of cardiac-specific myofibrillar troponin-I together with total creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, myoglobin, myofibrillar tropomyosin and C-reactive protein. Total creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, tropomyosin and myoglobin were significantly elevated above pre-race levels in all runners between 1 h and 128 h post-race. Neither mean cardiac troponin-I nor C-reactive protein was elevated post-race. Nine out of sixty-three samples fulfilled conventional positive criteria for cardiac muscle damage on the basis of combined creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels. Six runners had one or more positive samples. No samples had levels above twice the upper normal limit for either cardiac troponin-I or C-reactive protein. Correlation analysis of levels in each sample indicated skeletal and not cardiac muscle as the source of raised serum protein.     

肌酸激酶及其同工酶、肌红蛋白等在电烧伤患者中的应用

目的探讨肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）及心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌红蛋白（Myo）在电烧伤患者中的应用。方法检测电烧伤患者（包括电击伤和电弧伤）的CK、CK．MB、HBDH的含量及cTnI与Myo的阳性率，并与急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者和健康对照组进行比对分析。结果电烧伤患者的CK、CK-MB、HBDH的含量及cTnI与Myo的阳性率均显著高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）；电烧伤患者的CK、CK-MB和Myo的阳性率明显高于ACS组（P〈0．01），HBDH的测定值与ACS组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而cTnI的阳性率则低于ACS组。电击伤组Myo的阳性率明显高于电弧伤组（P〈0．01）。讨论CK、CK-MB、HBDH水平及Myo阳性率的增高可能是触电导致肌肉损伤引起的，与心脏损伤不一定有关。cTnI可用于判定电烧伤患者是否出现心脏损害。     

Myoglobin, creatine kinase MB, troponin T, and troponin I — rapid bedside assays in patients with acute chest pain

Three new rapid, qualitative bedside immunoassays were evaluated in the diagnosis of patients with acute chest pain. The subjects, 122 patients in group 1 (bedside tests for myoglobin, creatine kinase MB) and 233 patients in group 2 (bedside tests for troponin I and sensitive troponin T) were admitted to hospital with acute chest pain for less than 12 h. The bedside tests were performed on admission, and 2, 4, and 6 h later. The correlation between the two parts of the rapid creatine kinase MB/myoglobin test during the first 12 h after the onset of chest pain was moderate in all patients (κ=0.401, 95% confidence interval 0.321–0.483). The highest correlation was seen with the patients with definite and probable myocardial infarction. The correlations were smaller but significant also in other diagnostic groups (unstable angina pectoris, prolonged chest pain, and non-cardiac chest pain). The correlation between the rapid sensitive test for troponin T and rapid test for troponin I was significant in all groups (κ=0.776, 95% confidence interval 0.711–0.841). The myoglobin part of the rapid creatine kinase MB/myoglobin test may be too non-specific for clinical diagnostic purposes [in non-infarct patients the myoglobin part was significantly more often positive than creatine kinase MB or troponin tests (P<0.001)].     

D-二聚体肌酸激酶同工酶联合GCS在中重度创伤性脑损伤预后中的价值

目的探讨D-二聚体、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)与中重度创伤性脑损伤(TBI)患者死亡事件的相关性及对中重度TBI患者预后评估的价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月1日至2019年12月31日中国人民解放军东部战区总医院急诊抢救室收治的249例中重度TBI患者,以28 d死亡情况为观察终点,将其分为存活组(n=175)和死亡组(n=74)。收集患者入院时的基线资料(包括平均动脉压、GCS及D-二聚体、CK-MB等实验室指标)。比较两组间患者临床特征及实验室指标的差异,采用Logistic回归分析与中重度TBI患者死亡相关的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对预后评估价值进行分析并比较D-二聚体、CK-MB、GCS及三者联合预测预后的准确度。结果存活组患者GCS明显高于死亡组,D-二聚体与CK-MB水平明显低于死亡组(Z=-8.219,Z=-4.764,Z=-6.432,P <0.05);D-二聚体、CK-MB与GCS呈负相关(r=-0.152,r=-0.245,P <0.05);GCS、D-二聚体、CKMB及三者联合预测预后ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.828 (95%CI 0.775-0.873)、0.684(95%CI 0.622~0.741)、0.758(95%CI 0.700~0.810)、0.870(95%CI 0.821~0.909),三者联合预测预后的AUC大于GCS、D-二聚体及CK-MB单独预测面积(P <0.05)。结论中重度TBI患者GCS、D-二聚体、CK-MB水平与患者伤情严重程度、死亡风险密切相关,D-二聚体和CKMB水平增高、GCS低均为患者不良预后的独立危险因素,三者联合预测价值优于单个预测。     

Human neutrophil antigen frequency data for Malays,Chinese and Indians

BackgroundHuman neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are implicated in several clinical disorders and their allelic variations have been reported for many populations. This new study was aimed to report the genotype and alleles frequencies of HNA-1, -3, -4 and -5 loci in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia.MethodsA total of 222 blood samples were collected from healthy, unrelated Malay, Chinese and Indian individuals. Their HNA-1, -3 and -4 and HNA-5 loci were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays.ResultsAll HNA loci are polymorphic, except for HNA -4. Geneotypes HNA-1a/1b, -3a/3b and -4a/4a were observed most frequently at these three loci in all three ethnic groups. In contrast, HNA-5a/5b and -5a/5a were observed as the predominant genotypes in Malays vs. Chinese and Indians, respectively. The Malays, Chinese and Indians shared HNA -3a (0.505-0.527), HNA -4a (1.000) and -5a (0.676-0.854) as the most frequent alleles. However, HNA-1a was found to be the most common in Malays (0.506) and Chinese (0.504) and HNA-1b for Indians (0.525).ConclusionCombined with HNA data that have been published for Malay subethnic and Orang Asli groups, this study provides the first fully comprehensive HNA dataset for populations to be found in Peninsular Malaysia. Overall, our findings provide further evidence of genetic complexity in the region. This now publicly available HNA dataset can be used as a reliable reference source for improving medical outcomes.