姜黄素灌胃不同时间和剂量对小鼠胃肠蠕动的影响

【目的】 探讨姜黄素作用不同时间和剂量对胃肠蠕动的影响,寻找姜黄素作用的最佳时间和剂量。 【方法】 昆明种小鼠,随机分组,每组8只。姜黄素[200 mg/(kg·d)]预先灌胃分为1、5、10 d和15 d组;姜黄素灌胃10 d,每公斤体重100、200、300、400 mg组。采用阿托品腹腔注射减弱胃肠运动模型,用墨汁灌胃法分别测量各组小鼠胃残留率和小肠推进率。 【结果】 阿托品导致小鼠胃残留率增加,小肠推进率显著下降。姜黄素灌胃1和5 d组,小鼠胃残留率和小肠推进率与阿托品组比均无明显变化,而姜黄素灌胃10和15 d组,小鼠胃残留率显著下降,小肠推进率明显提高(P<0.01),10 d和15 d组间差异无统计学意义。100~400 mg/kg姜黄素灌胃10 d,对阿托品小鼠胃残留率和小肠推进率均有显著改善,各组间无明显差异。 【结论】 姜黄素100 mg/(kg·d)、灌胃10 d可以显著提高阿托品减弱的小鼠胃肠动力。     

黑加仑提取物抗疲劳作用的动物实验研究

目的研究黑加仑提取物抗疲劳作用。方法将SPF级昆明种小鼠按体重随机分成黑加仑提取物高、中、低剂量组、黑加仑原汁组和溶剂对照组。每日灌胃1次,连续30d后,分别测定小鼠负重游泳时间、肝糖原含量、血清尿素氮含量。结果黑加仑提取物各剂量组能延长小鼠负重游泳时间、增加肝糖原含量、减少血清尿素氮含量。与黑加仑原汁组比较,黑加仑提取物高、中、低剂量组负重游泳时间均延长,肝糖原含量均升高,高、中剂量组血清尿素氮含量均降低。结论黑加仑提取物具有一定的抗疲劳作用,且优于黑加仑原汁组。     

Effect of administration route of ddt on acute toxicity and on drug biotransformation in various rodents

DDT was administered to the guinea pig, mouse and rat either ig or ip and to the hamster ig in order to investigate variations in the response of hepatic and duodenal drug-metabolizing enzymes to DDT. The intragastric dose (160 mg/kg) was found to produce gastric bleeding and severe tremor in rats and mice but not in other rodents. The hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 concentration decreased after the ig administration of DDT to rats, mice and guinea pigs but in hamsters the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 concentration increased 12 hr after the dosage. The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity decreased also in the duodenal mucosa of the rat after the ig administration of DDT. The ip dose had no effects on the hepatic or duodenal monooxygenase system in 12 hr. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was slightly lowered in hepatic microsomes of the rat and mouse after the ig dose of DDT, but the decrease was more profound when measured afterin vitro trypsin digestion of microsomes. The trypsin digestion activated the hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase in all the species studied,i.e., guinea pig, hamster, mouse and rat (3-, 3-, 5-, and 8-fold, respectively). The duodenal UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was not affected by DDT administration in any of the species studied. The results suggest that the acute toxic effects of DDT are species-dependent and the administration route is important in DDT toxicity. The hydroxylation step in drug metabolism is more sensitive to DDT than the glucuronidation step.Presented at the Third International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry (IUPAC) Helsinki, Finland, 1974.     

Effect of Tripterigium wilfordii Hook. f. on the fertility of rats

Studies were undertaken to assess the effect of the total glycosides extracted from Tripterigium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW), a ready-made Chinese herb medicine, on the fertility of both male and female rats. In male rats, GTW was given by gastric gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day, 6 days a week for 8 weeks. All the treated animals became infertile. The body weight growth was normal and the mating behavior was present. There was a drastic decrease in the viability of the epididymal spermatozoa, while the decrease in the sperm density, though significant, was far less marked. Seminiferous tubular damage was minimal and no perceptible change was observed in the Leydig and the Sertoli cells. All other parameters examined, including the serum testosterone level and the histology of various organs, were normal. In female rats, GTW given orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day on days 1-4 or 7-9 of pregnancy did not significantly affect the fertility. It is thus concluded that non-toxic dose of GTW can cause infertility in male rats, the mechanism of which may involve and interference in the function of the epididymal and/or testicular spermatozoa; in female rats, the dose regimens employed do not have significant anti-implantation or early-pregnancy termination effect.     

肠内营养和肠外营养对重型颅脑损伤患者胃液pH值的影响

目的探讨实施早期肠内营养和肠外营养对重型颅脑损伤患者胃液pH值的影响。方法我院2007年1月至2009年5月间收治的168例重型颅脑损伤患者（格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤8分）随机分为早期肠内营养组（EEN组,n=84）和肠外营养组（PN组,n=84）,其中EEN组患者鼻腔内插入14F硅胶胃管进行早期肠内营养,PN组患者给予全静脉营养。分别于人院即刻和人院后第3、5、7天监测患者胃液pH值及消化道出血情况。结果两组患者人院即刻胃液pH值均明显低于正常值,ENN组患者人院后第3、5、7天胃液pH值均明显高于PN组（P〈0．001）。两组患者入院即刻消化道出血发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,EEN组患者入院后第3、5、7天消化道出血发生率均明显低于PN组（P〈0．05）。结论重型颅脑损伤患者胃酸呈高分泌状态,给予早期肠内营养支持可升高胃液pH值,可能对降低上消化道出血发生率起一定作用。监测胃液pH值对应激性溃疡出血的发生具有预警作用。     

不同抗氧化活性水果汁对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能的干预作用

目的　观察不同抗氧化活性水果汁对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能的干预作用,为进一步研究水果抗氧化抗衰老有效成分提供理论依据。方法　自然衰老Wistar大鼠 30只分为 3组,分别灌胃石榴汁 3 2ml、苹果汁 2 4ml和蒸馏水 3 2ml,实验周期 4周,实验结束后测定血清抗氧化物质含量、抗氧化酶活性、血清及尿中自由基氧化产物、外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤等有关指标。结果　石榴汁干预组老龄大鼠血清抗氧化活性 ( 0. 90±0. 13 ) mmol/L明显高于对照组的 ( 0 .79±0 .10 )mmol/L;血清羰基含量显著降低,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义;血清ox LDL含量 ( 2. 03±0 .43)μmol/L明显低于对照组(3. 04±0. 52)μmol/L;彗星试验显示外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤率及尾长 /总长比值降低,显著低于对照组;石榴汁干预对血清VC和VE浓度、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量及尿 8 OH dG排出量均未见影响。苹果汁干预组除淋巴细胞DNA损伤减轻外,其他指标均未见显著变化。结论　抗氧化活性较强的石榴汁能够明显改善老龄大鼠抗氧化功能,而抗氧化活性较低的苹果汁作用较弱,水果中多酚类物质可能是其主要抗氧化功能物质。     

乙烯利对青春期雌性大鼠生殖发育的影响

[目的]探讨乙烯利对青春期大鼠生殖发育的影响。[方法]对青春期雌性大鼠进行实验,观察接触不同剂量的乙烯利时,青春期雌性大鼠体重、阴道开口时间、动情周期、脏体比、子宫过氧化物酶活性以及脏器形态学的变化。[结果]各实验组大鼠的体重均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大鼠的阴道开口时间和动情周期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);雌性大鼠高剂量组的子宫重量和子宫/体重明显高于对照组(P<0.05);卵巢重量低剂量组明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而卵巢/体重无明显改变;中剂量组的子宫过氧化物酶活性明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]根据短期动物实验不能得出乙烯利具有生殖发育毒性的结论,尚需其他实验进一步验证。     

Effects of dietary fibre-rich juice colloids from apple pomace extraction juices on intestinal fermentation products and microbiota in rats

Effects of colloids isolated from apple pomace extraction juices (so-called B-juices) produced by enzymic liquefaction on food intake, body and faecal weights, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile and selected intestinal microbiota were investigated in rats. Ten male Wistar rats per group were fed diets without any apple dietary fibre (DF) (control) or supplement with 5 % B-juice colloids or an alcohol-insoluble substance (AIS) from apples for 6 weeks. Rats fed with apple DF (5 % B-juice colloids or AIS) gained less weight than control rats (P<0.05). B-juice colloids did not affect food intake, whereas feeding AIS resulted in a 10 % higher food consumption than in control rats. Both juice colloids and AIS increased the weight of caecal contents in rats and lowered luminal pH values (P<0.05). In addition, SCFA concentrations and total yields were also raised (P<0.05) in caecum of these rats indicating good fermentability of apple substrates by gut microflora. Distinctly higher concentrations of acetate and propionate were found in intestinal contents of juice colloid-fed rats (P<0.05), whereas AIS also increased butyrate yield. Changes in microbiota due to apple DF in diets were restricted in the caecum to the Eubacterium rectale cluster (AIS; P<0.05) and in faeces to the Bacteroidaceae (juice colloids and AIS; P<0.05). The present study shows the physiological effects of apple DF isolated from pomace extraction juices produced by enzymic liquefaction on intestinal fermentation. Results may be helpful for the development of such innovative juice products that are rich in DF of fruit origin.     

网纹甜瓜对衰老模型小鼠肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

目的考察网纹甜瓜汁对衰老模型小鼠肝脏抗氧化功能的作用。方法 50只雄性昆明小鼠根据体重随机分为五组,分别为正常对照组,衰老模型组,瓜汁4倍稀释组,瓜汁2倍稀释组和瓜汁原液组。衰老模型组和三个不同浓度的瓜汁组小鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖200 mg/kg d;正常组注射等量的生理盐水;三个瓜汁组分别灌胃4倍稀释的瓜汁溶液、2倍稀释的瓜汁溶液和瓜汁原液0.5ml,每天2次,连续4w,正常组和衰老模型组相应灌胃等量的蒸馏水。实验结束时,处死全部小鼠取肝脏,测定小鼠肝脏总抗氧化力、过氧化物酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和脂褐质含量。结果与模型组相比,给予网纹甜瓜汁的各组小鼠肝脏总抗氧化力、CAT活性显著升高,GSH-Px活性有所升高,MDA和脂褐质含量显著降低。结论网纹甜瓜可提高衰老模型小鼠清除自由基的能力,提高抗氧化酶活性而发挥抗衰老作用。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯对雄性小鼠生殖系统的毒性

目的研究甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）对雄性哺乳动物生殖系统的毒性作用。方法通过小鼠精子畸形试验和小鼠睾丸、精囊腺脏器系数的检测,用χ2检验和方差分析的方法对实验数据进行统计分析。结果精子畸形试验的结果显示,MMA的中、高剂量组及阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;而低剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在睾丸脏器系数的检测中,低、中、高剂量组及阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在植囊腺脏器系数的检测中,高剂量组及阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而低、中剂量组与阴性组比较未发现差异有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论提示MMA可能对雄性哺乳动物的生殖系统有毒性作用。     

腹式呼吸对妇科盆腔肿瘤患者术后排气时间的效果观察

目的：探讨腹式呼吸训练对妇科肿瘤手术患者术后排气时间的影响。方法：选择妇科肿瘤手术患者60例，随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各30例，试验组患者术后麻醉清醒后指导腹式呼吸，每4h听一次患者的肠蠕动次数，术后12h、24h、48h记录。对照组麻醉清醒后鼓励床上活动，6h后予以半卧位，鼓励床上运动逐渐过度到下床活动。结果：试验组患者术后肠蠕动出现的时间、出现排气的时间、出现排便的时间均早于对照组，其差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：腹式呼吸训练可作为妇科肿瘤手术患者术后尽快恢复肠功能的护理措施。     

中华猕猴桃的防癌作用 (四)浓缩猕猴桃汁阻断N-亚硝酰胺的体内合成——大鼠胚胎毒性实验

在妊娠第7、8、9天经口给孕鼠不同剂量的前体物亚硝酸钠(分别为0.125、0.25、0.50、1.00和2.00mmol/kgBW)和乙基脲(剂量是亚硝酸钠的二倍),同时给浓缩猕猴桃汁或4％淀粉液。不给猕猴桃汁的各组随前体物剂量增大,活胎率下降,吸收胎率逐渐增加,分别为5.21％,43.66％,71.70％,85.80％和100％。最高剂量组胚胎全部死亡,并有半数孕鼠中毒死亡。单给高剂量亚硝酸钠或乙基脲则不引起胚胎或孕鼠死亡。表明亚硝酸钠和乙基脲在大鼠体内合成N-亚硝基乙基脲,并通过胎盘引起胚胎死亡。前体物与胚胎毒性之间有明显的剂量反应关系。同时给孕鼠浓缩猕猴桃汁的各组在亚硝酸钠0.125-0.50mmol/kgBW者胚胎存活率无明显减少,仅最高剂量组活胎率明显减少,吸收胎率达58.6％,但无孕鼠中毒死亡。实验结果表明浓缩猕猴桃汁能明显阻断大鼠体内N-亚硝基乙基脲合成,预防所引起的胚胎毒性。     

幽门螺杆菌和维生素C与胃黏膜病变关系的研究

目的 研究Hp感染和胃液中维生素C浓度与胃黏膜病变的关系,探讨Hp致病、致癌机制.方法 用高铁还原法测定胃液中维生素C浓度,用快速尿素酶试验、病理Giemsa染色和细菌培养检测Hp.对部分Hp阳性的胃部良性病变患者进行Hp根除治疗,并比较治疗前后胃液中维生素C浓度的变化.结果 Hp阳性各胃部病变组患者胃液中维生素C浓度分别为:慢性浅表性胃炎组(18.3±4.5)mg/L、萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组(9.1±3.3)mg/L、异型增生组(8.2±2.7)mg/L、胃癌组(5.2±1.6)mg/L,与对照组[(35.2±7.2)mg/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);经Hp根除治疗后,Hp根除患者胃液中维生素C浓度恢复正常,而Hp未根除患者其胃液中维生素C浓度治疗前后无明显变化.结论 Hp感染可导致胃液中维生素C浓度降低,这可能是Hp致病、致癌机制之一;根除Hp可以恢复胃液中维生素C浓度,这有利于预防胃癌的发生.     

Water-soluble contrast media in obstructed in ischemic small intestine. A clinical and experimental study

In this study the attention was focused on the possible application of the new low-osmolar water-soluble contrast media in already existing routines for radiologic diagnostic work-up and management of the abdominal emergencies of simple intestinal obstruction and ischemia: Iohexol was a good, or better, alternative to sodium diatrizoate regarding taste acceptance and patient reactions: Seventy-five per cent of patients characterized the taste of iohexol as good or neutral, while 52% gave sodium diatrizoate similar scores. The scores were also consistently in favor of iohexol as compared with sodium diatrizoate for the other chosen criteria; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, but a larger number of patients may be needed for conclusive evaluation. Water-soluble media may have therapeutic effects on intestinal obstruction when preceded by conventional gastric suction using a short gastric tube: Twenty-three of 25 patients with subtotal small bowel obstruction due to peritoneal adhesions improved following the ingestion of either iohexol or sodium diatrizoate. Hyperosmolar contrast media might stimulate peristalsis and dilute the bowel contents, hence, easing the passage through a subtotally obstructed bowel. In rats, a direct relationship was found between contrast medium osmolality and the degree of intestinal distension, fluid influx to the bowel lumen and the speed of contrast medium progression. The water-soluble, low-osmolar contrast media seem promising as diagnostic aids in examination of the gastrointestinal tract: The low-osmolar contrast media gave better intestinal details on films than both barium sulphate and sodium diatrizoate in rats with intestinal obstruction or ischemia when high volumes of radiopaques were employed. Also in patients iohexol retained its radiographic density in the small bowel better than sodium diatrizoate. The diagnostic efficacy of the water-soluble radiographic media varied directly with their osmolality and the resulting fluid influx to bowel lumen. Hyperosmolality stimulated contrast medium progression and bowel distension, and reduced the radiographic density of the contrast media and the alignment to the bowel wall. Water-soluble contrast media may aid the diagnosis of bowel ischemia and the evaluation of the degree of ischemic injury: No bladder opacification, following absorption of water-soluble contrast media from the simply obstructed bowel, was observed in the majority of the animals and was only faintly present in 8%. Distinct radiographic opacification of the urinary bladder in rats with intestinal ischemia was demonstrated as early as 1-2 hours after the administration of contrast medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

β-内酰胺酶对SD大鼠致畸作用的研究

目的:研究β-内酰胺酶对SD大鼠母体及胚胎的毒性和致畸性。方法:参照GB15193-2003。将交配成功的SD雌鼠随机分为4组,每组15只。设β-内酰胺酶1.25 ml/kg、2.5 ml/kg、5.0 ml/kg体重三个剂量组及对照组,于妊娠7 d～16 d连续灌胃给药,每天1次。实验期间记录母鼠一般状况、妊娠期体重,妊娠20 d剖检母鼠,检查窝仔参数、胎仔参数及胎仔形态的变化。结果:在本研究剂量范围内,β-内酰胺酶各剂量组孕鼠的生殖能力、胚胎形成和胎鼠外观、骨骼及内脏生长发育与阴性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在本实验条件下,未见β-内酰胺酶有明显的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。     

三丁基氯化锡对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究三丁基氯化锡(TBTCl)对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法将60只ICR种小鼠随机分为5组,即阴性对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺),每组12只,雌雄各半,分别用10ml/kg生理盐水,0.8、4、20mg/kg TBTCl和25 mg/kg环磷酰胺经口染毒2周,1次/d,测定外周血T淋巴细胞的数目及脾脏T淋巴细胞转化率,血清中的溶血素,以及廓清指数及脏器系数,观察TBTCl对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫功能的影响.结果小鼠体重有随染毒剂量增加而下降的趋势;低剂量组小鼠T淋巴细胞数与阴性对照组差别不明显;中剂量组小鼠T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率升高(P＜0.05),但对淋巴细胞转化率没有影响;高剂量组小鼠T淋巴细胞数ANAE阳性率低于阴性对照组(P＜0.01),淋巴细胞转化率降低(P＜0.01);中剂量染毒能促进小鼠溶血素的产生,与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而对廓清指数没有影响;高剂量染毒小鼠的廓清指数和溶血素低于阴性对照组(P＜0.01),该结果与阳性对照组一致;各剂量组小鼠肝、肾系数差异不明显,低、中剂量组小鼠的脾、胸腺系数差异也不明显,但高剂量组小鼠的脾、胸腺系数低于阴性对照组(P＜0.05).结论小剂量TBTCl对小鼠免疫系统有刺激增强趋势,大剂量TBT Cl染毒对小鼠免疫系统产生强烈的抑制作用.     

某污水处理厂污泥的毒性及盆栽试验的研究

对某污水处理厂一级处理后污泥（下称污泥）中综合毒物对大、小鼠的生毒性和致突变性以及污泥重金属元素在培栽后农作物中的分布和含量进行卫研究。结果：污泥水对大鼠的生毒试验ＬＤ５０＝１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ；小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验各组间与阴性对照组比较无显著性差别。重金属元素通过蚕豆盆栽试验结果提示：蚕豆茎、叶、果实部分铅、镉、铬、铜含量与对照组相近似且果实中含量都小于食物中允许浓度。参照土地改良中污泥的施加量。     

氨糖胶囊的安全性毒理学试验

目的观察氨糖胶囊毒性。方法最大耐受量试验（MTD）,遗传毒性试验（Ames、骨髓细胞微核及精子畸变试验）,30 d喂养试验。结果氨糖胶囊大鼠、小鼠MTD〉10.0 g/kg.bw。Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验结果为阴性。大鼠30 d喂养试验,在雌、雄性大鼠高剂量组为4.0 g/kg.bw（相当于人体推荐量的100倍）时各项检测指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论本试验条件下,氨糖胶囊未见明显毒性。     

低分子柑桔果胶粉对肥胖大鼠调节血脂及瘦素的研究

目的 探讨低分子柑桔果胶粉（modifled citrus pectin,MCP）对肥胖大鼠体重、血脂和瘦素水平等的影响。方法 把普通SD大鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组、高脂模型组、MCP营养干预低剂量组（100mg/kg·d灌胃）、中剂量组（400mg/（kg·d）灌胃）、高剂量组（800mg/（kg·d）灌胃）,分别于饲养的第3周、6周处死大鼠。观察大鼠体重、血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清甘油三脂（TG）、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、血清高密度脂蛋白胆同醇（HDL-C）和瘦素（1eptin）水平的变化。结果 以100、400、800mg/kg·d3种剂量灌胃6周均可显著降低大鼠的体重、血清TG、TC,与高脂模型组相比,中、高剂量的肝体比有显著性差异。LDL水平与高脂模型组相比,有下降趋势,但是无显著性差异,MCP营养干预各剂量组的瘦素水平与高脂模型组相比无显著性差异。结论 MCP有改善大鼠肥胖及降低高血脂水平的作用。     

蛋白粉急性经口毒性及致突变作用研究

目的检测蛋白粉的急性经口毒性及致突变作用。方法 采用最大耐受量法进行大、小鼠急性经口毒性试验;应用鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠精子畸形试验进行致突变作用研究。结果受试蛋白粉对雌、雄大小鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量（MTD）大于20.0 g/kg.bw,按急性毒性分级标准属无毒级;给予8-5 000μg/皿剂量受试蛋白粉,Ames试验结果为阴性;雌、雄鼠给予1.25-5.0 g/kg受试蛋白粉,各剂量组的微核率与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,不引起小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞染色体断裂或整条染色体丢失;给予雌、雄鼠1.25-5.0 g/kg受试蛋白粉,各剂量组的精子畸性率与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,未诱发小鼠精子畸形率增高。结论研究结果表明：在本实验条件下,该受试蛋白粉属无毒级,无明显致突变作用。