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用凝聚法制成了含有阻滞剂的消炎痛缓释微囊,用转篮法测得其药粉和微囊的T_(50)分别为19和53.5min。用消炎痛普通栓剂作对照,在家兔体内做消炎痛微囊栓剂的生物药剂学评价。结果表明:两种栓剂的T_(max)和C_(max)均有极其显著差异,消炎痛微囊栓剂在家兔体内有明显的缓释作用。 相似文献
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目的:采用复凝聚法制备对乙酰氨基酚(AAP)微囊并考察其体外释药行为。制备AAP复合微囊栓剂,具有良好释放效果。方法:考察复凝聚法制备AAP微囊过程的处方和工艺因素,并进行正交试验设计,筛选出最佳条件制备AAP微囊并考察其体外释药行为。同时采用复合缓释技术(速释部分+微囊缓释)制备复合微囊缓释栓剂,考察其释药行为。结果:建立了复凝聚法制备AAP微囊方法,优化后的制备条件为:明胶阿拉伯胶囊材用量各为7 g(溶液浓度7%),药物用量为8 g,搅拌速度为300 r·min-1,制备温度55℃。此条件制备的微囊形态圆整,粒径均匀,重复性好,包封率为(79.71±0.10)%,载药量为23.11±0.69%。微囊有缓释效果,拟合缓释方程符合一级方程。制备的复合微囊栓与普通栓剂相比,具有更好的释放效果,其中缓释过程药物释放符合Higuchi方程。结论:基于普通栓剂与复合微囊技术制备的新型AAP栓具有更佳的释药特性。 相似文献
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家兔体内环孢素A微囊栓剂的药动学 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 :制备环孢素A微囊栓 ,考察其药动学性质。方法 :利用复凝聚法制备环孢素A微囊 ,并用于环孢素A微囊栓的研制 ;利用家兔进行药动学实验 ,用荧光偏振免疫分析仪测定血药浓度 ,以 3P97药动学软件按二室模型拟合 ,并对所得药动学参数进行统计学分析。结果 :环孢素A微囊栓的生物半衰期显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,AUC有增加的趋势。结论 :与环孢素A口服液和普通栓剂相比 ,环孢素A微囊栓具有一定缓释作用。 相似文献
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用喷雾干燥法制备吡哌酸缓释微囊,以乙基纤维素作囊材,硬脂酸作阻滞剂,制备的微囊能明显延缓药物的释放。药物释放速率随其含量增加而增加,释药的表观扩散系数随微囊粒径降低而降低。家兔体内药物动力学研究结果表明,与片剂相比,吡哌酸微囊口服后,血药浓度维持时间较长。 相似文献
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Erkadius J. Di Iulio F. Lucente C. Bramich T. Morgan R. Di Nicolantonio 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(3):239-242
1. To examine whether the uterine environment plays a role in the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we have compared fetal weight, placental weight, and amniotic fluid composition of SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats after 20 days of gestation. 2. Pregnant SHR and WKY were anaesthetized at 20 days of gestation and the uterus and embryonic sacs removed. Fetal and placental weights were recorded and amniotic fluid collected for measurement of volume, osmolality and electrolyte composition. 3. No significant difference was found in litter size and placental weight between SHR and WKY. Total embryonic sac weight and fetal weight of SHR were significantly lower than WKY. Amniotic fluid volume, sodium concentration and osmolality of SHR were significantly higher than WKY, while amniotic fluid potassium concentration of SHR was significantly lower than WKY. 4. Thus, the SHR foetus was significantly underweight compared to the WKY and was bathed in amniotic fluid with a significantly higher osmolality and sodium concentration. As the mature foetus is known to drink amniotic fluid, it is hypothesized that the elevated Na/K ratio in SHR amniotic fluid may instigate or accelerate the hypertensive process. 相似文献
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1. The possibility that altered synthesis of vascular nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the development of corticotropin-induced hypertension in sheep was examined by determining the effect of concomitant infusion of L-arginine, a precursor of NO, on the development of the hypertension. 2. Corticotropin (5 μg/kg per h) infused over 2 days increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 83 ± 4 to 99 ± 4 mmHg in five conscious sheep. Concomitant infusion of L-arginine (60 mg/kg per h) did not alter this response; infusion of L-arginine alone had no effect on blood pressure. 3. The dose of L-arginine (60 mg/kg per h) used blocked the rise in MAP (+16 mmHg) in response to a 5 h infusion of N-nitro-L-arginine (1 mg/kg per h). 4. These findings suggest that disruption of NO synthesis does not play a role in the development of corticotropin hypertension in sheep. 相似文献
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β肾上腺素受体拮抗剂对点燃的调控机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 研究中枢β肾上腺素受体(β-AR)及其亚型在大鼠点燃模型的调控机理。方法 建立大鼠杏仁核电刺激点燃和戊四唑化学性点燃模型,观察β-AR亚型激动剂和拮抗剂对点燃和小鼠最大电休克的影响。结果 β-AR拮抗剂普萘洛尔明显延缓杏仁核点燃进程;普萘洛尔和β1-AR拮抗剂美托洛尔均能显著抑制杏仁核点燃和化学性点燃;β1-AR激动剂多巴酚丁胺完全逆转普萘洛尔对点燃的抑制作用,β2-AR激动剂特布他林对普萘洛尔抑制作用无明显影响。结论 中枢β1-AR参与杏仁核电刺激点燃和戊四唑化学性点燃的抑制作用。 相似文献
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盐藻β-胡萝卜素预防实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的形态学观察 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化(AS)为模型,对从盐泽杜氏藻中提取的以顺式结构为主的β-胡萝卜素(β-C)预防实验性AS进行病理形态学观察,发现Ⅱ组(高饲对照组)动脉病变重,泡沫细胞约10~20层,平滑肌细胞增生,斑块发生率为91.67%。β-C组动脉病变轻,泡沫细胞仅约2~4层,斑块发生率明显少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),且存在剂量依赖关系。结果表明,β-C能有效地抑制AS斑块的形成和发展。 相似文献
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C. Cerruti P. Sheng B. Ladenheim C. J. Epstein† J-L. Cadet 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1995,22(5):381-382
1. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) formation or ADP-ribosylation attenuate methamphetamine (METH)- and methyl-enedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity on dopaminergic and serotonergic cells in primary cultures. 2. They also prevent METH-induced reactive gliosis in dopaminergic cultures. 3. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells obtained from SOD-transgenic mice also attenuates drug-induced toxicity. 4. These data indicate a role for oxygen-based and NO free radicals in the mechanisms of cell death associated with drugs of abuse in vitro. 相似文献
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沈阳地区药物滥用者滥用因素Logistic回归分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的:研究药物滥用者的滥用因素,为吸毒的防治提供有效的指导。方法:采用流行病学调查方法,结果应用logistic回归分析。结果:在α=0.05的条件下,OR值有显著意义的因素有:年龄结构、文化程度低、家庭结构不稳定、寻求刺激和不良交友。结论:药物滥用者在吸毒前,社会心理状况不良是导致药物滥用的主要因素。 相似文献
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粉防己碱在体内的代谢转化 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
粉防已碱有多种药理作用,近年我国又发现它可以防治矽肺。薄层层析及高压液相层析结果表明,粉防己碱进入大鼠及人体内,大部分以原形存在,少部分被转化,在大鼠的肝、肺、尿及人尿中,代谢产物可能有两个粉防己碱-N-2′-氧化物异构体和N-2′-去甲基粉防己碱。在两个粉防己碱-N-2′-氧化物中,其一前人已有报道,另一个为新化合物,根据核磁共振谱、质谱以及它能还原成粉防己碱,确定了其化学结构。本文给出了粉防己碱的气相层析及高压液相层析的实验条件。 相似文献