Diffusion-weighted imaging in normal prostate and differential diagnosis of prostate diseases

Background  During the past several years, the morbidities of prostate diseases have increased sharply all over the world. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MR-based technique that probes the function of tissues. We attempt to investigate the diagnostic value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in normal prostate gland and prostate diseases. Materials and methods  A total of 16 healthy volunteers, 9 prostate cysts, 29 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 21 prostatic carcinoma (Pca) underwent DWI, respectively. Their DWI and ADC characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnositic and differential diagnositic values of DWI and ADC were summarized. All of the BPH and Pca received a histological diagnosis. Results  In DWI, the signal intensity of BPH nodule was nonhomogeneous and lower than that of the peripheral zone (PZ). Pca showed high signal intensity while the prostate cyst showed low intensity. The mean ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca foci were (1.352 ± 0.052) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (1.829 ± 0.071) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (2.557 ± 0.084) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (1.576 ± 0.101) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, and (0.934 ± 0.166) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, respectively (P = 0.000). Conclusions  Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca demonstrate significant differences, and those can be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the diseases of prostate.     

精囊的磁共振扩散成像初步研究

目的评价磁共振扩散成像对精囊病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法 75例患者行MR扩散成像检查,使用回波平面扩散张量成像序列检查,b值为0和1 000.测量其精囊、膀胱、盆底脂肪和直肠内气体的ADC值.40例获最终诊断结果,其中10例为前列腺癌侵犯精囊,9例为前列腺癌内分泌治疗后改变,9例为良性前列腺增生患者,12例为无前列腺和精囊症状的健康志愿者.结果 40例患者中36例(90%)获得精囊的ADC值.前列腺癌侵犯精囊的ADC值为[0.30±0.08(均值±标准差)]×10-3 mm2/s (n=8),较前列腺癌内分泌治疗后精囊的ADC值低(P<0.05).前列腺癌内分泌治疗后精囊的ADC值为(0.46±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s (n=8),较前列腺增生患者的精囊ADC值低(P<0.05).前列腺增生患者的精囊ADC值为(0.96±0.10)×10-3mm2/s (n=8),健康志愿者的精囊ADC值为(0.97±0.33)×10-3mm2/s (n=12),二者无显著性差异(P>0.05).各组间膀胱、盆底脂肪和直肠内气体的ADC值无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 ADC值可用于精囊病变的鉴别诊断.     

MRI和DTI评价犬急性脊髓损伤后的形态及功能改变

目的观察犬急性脊髓损伤后的形态和功能改变.方法制作犬T13脊髓左半横断损伤模型.分别于损伤前、损伤后1周行MRI和DTI(SSFSE序列扫描,b=500 s/mm2,扩散敏感梯度方向=13)检查,测量手术侧和非手术侧的ADC值及FA值,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果正常犬脊髓左、右侧的ADC值为(1.00±0.15)×103mm2/s和(1.01±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,FA值为0.59±0.11和0.60±0.08,左右两侧无明显差异.脊髓损伤后手术侧ADC值升高为(1.65±0.45)×10-3mm2/s(t=4.366,P=0.001)、FA值降低为0.30±0.17(t=-3.749,P=0.003);非手术侧无明显变化.结论DTI能对实验性脊髓损伤后的观察提供有价值的信息.     

Diffusion-weighed MR imaging of pancreatic carcinoma

Purpose The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of body diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging in the evaluation of a pancreatic carcinoma. Material and methods In nine normal volunteers and in eight patients with pancreatic carcinoma, DW images were obtained on the axial plane scanning with a multisection spin-echo-type single-shot echo planar sequence with a body coil. Moreover, we measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in a circular region of interest (ROI) within the normal pancreas, pancreatic carcinoma, and tumor-associated chronic pancreatitis. Results On the DW images, all eight carcinomas were clearly shown as high signal intensity relative to the surrounding tissue. The ADC value (×10⁻³ mm²/s) in the carcinoma was 1.44 ± 0.20, which was significantly lower compared to that of normal pancreas (1.90 ± 0.06) and tumor-associated chronic pancreatitis (2.31 ± 0.18). Conclusion Diffusion-weighted (DW) images can be helpful in detecting the pancreatic carcinoma and accessing the extent of the tumor.     

体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像在肝细胞癌术前分级中的应用

目的 探讨应用体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM DWI)对肝细胞癌(HCC)进行术前分级的可行性。方法 回顾性分析29例HCC患者的影像学资料及病理资料。以Edmondson-Steiner分级法为依据分为低级别组、高级别组, 均接受MRI及多b值DWI成像, 应用单双指数函数分别计算两组的标准ADC值、真实扩散系数(D值)、灌注相关扩散系数(D^*值)及灌注分数(f值)。组间比较采用非参数检验Mann-Whitney U, DWI参数预测HCC分级效能的比较采用ROC曲线分析。结果 低级别组12例, 高级别组17例。低级别组标准ADC值、D值、D^*值和f值分别为(1.29±0.27)×10^-3 mm²/s、(1.21±0.36)×10^-3 mm²/s、(40.20±7.79)×10^-3 mm²/s、(23.97±9.22)%, 高级别组分别为(0.90±0.25)×10^-3 mm²/s (0.75±0.20)×10^-3 mm²/s、(53.40±11.99)×10^-3 mm²/s、(32.24±12.66)%, 两组间标准ADC值、D值及D^*值的差异有统计学意义(P均 <0.05), f值差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。应用标准ADC值、D值、D^*值鉴别诊断低级别与高级别HCC的曲线下面积依次为0.86、0.89、0.83;D值取阈值0.87×10^-3 mm²/s时的敏感度和特异度分别为90.0%和80.0%。结论 应用IVIM DWI可以于术前预测HCC的病理学分级。     

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: detection and characterization with plain and dynamic-enhanced MRI

Background: We compared nonenhanced and dynamic gadolinium (Gd)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) as depicted with breath-hold MR sequences and assessed the detectability of the individual MR sequences used. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 48 consecutive patients with FNH. All patients underwent nonenhanced (T1 fast low-angle shot [FLASH] and T2 half-Fourier acquisition [HASTE]) and dynamic Gd-enhanced (T1 FLASH) MRI between December 1997 and March 2000. Individual MR sequences were analyzed separately for number of lesions, signal intensity features, dynamic enhancement pattern, and the presence and enhancement profile of a central scar. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals of absolute discrepancy were calculated to define differences in lesion detection. Results: Seventy-seven lesions were found in 48 patients. Nonenhanced FLASH imaging depicted 59 (76.6%) lesions in 45 patients. HASTE images showed 55 (71.4%) lesions in 44 patients. On T1- and T2-weighted images, lesions appeared predominantly hypointense (69.5%) and hyperintense (72.7%), respectively. Arterial and portal venous dominant phase Gd-enhanced MRI demonstrated all 77 lesions (100%), most of which showed hypervascular (94.8%), homogeneous (97.4%), and incomplete (except the central scar: 58.4%) enhancement in the arterial phase. Portal venous phase images showed lesion isointensity (50.6%) or moderate hyperintensity (46.8%) with complete enhancement (central scar: 94.8%). A central scar was detected on nonenhanced T1-weighted images (hypointense: 100%), T2-weighted images (hyperintense: 100%), arterial phase (hypointense: 59.7%) and portal venous phase (hyperintense: 71.4%) Gd-enhanced images in 78%, 69.1%, 77.9%, and 75.3% of tumors, respectively. Conclusion: Arterial and portal venous phase Gd-enhanced T1-weighted sequences are superior to nonenhanced images in the detection of FNH. Typical MRI appearances include hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on nonenhanced T2-weighted images. Most commonly, FNH shows a homogeneous (without scar) and strong enhancement during the arterial phase, with lesion isointensity or slight hyperintensity during the portal venous phase. Received: 15 May 2001/Revision accepted: 22 August 2001     

扩散加权联合动态对比增强磁共振成像鉴别诊断腮腺良恶性肿瘤

目的 探讨DWI联合动态对比增强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）在腮腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 收集90例腮腺肿瘤患者共94个病灶,其中良性75个、恶性19个。对所有患者术前均行DWI和DCE-MRI检查,分析各病灶的ADC值和时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）类型。绘制ROC曲线,比较ADC值、TIC及两者联合对腮腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断效能。结果 恶性肿瘤的ADC值[（1.02±0.25）×10^-3 mm²/s]显著低于良性肿瘤的ADC值[（1.38±0.44）×10^-3 mm²/s;t=5.170,P<0.001]。将表现为A型（流入型）、B型（廓清型）和D型（平坦型）曲线判为良性肿瘤、C型（平台型）曲线判为恶性肿瘤时,诊断腮腺肿瘤良恶性的敏感度为0.62,特异度为0.92;C型曲线患者中,以ADC<1.36×10^-3 mm²/s诊断恶性肿瘤时,敏感度为0.92,特异度为0.95。结论 良恶性腮腺肿瘤间ADC值存在重叠,鉴别诊断时不应单纯依赖DWI;TIC表现为A、B、D型多提示良性肿瘤,C型常提示恶性肿瘤;TIC曲线为C型时,联合ADC值可明显提高对良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断效能。     

多次激发平面回波成像DWI鉴别乳腺良恶病变

目的 探讨基于多次激发平面回波成像（rs-EPI）技术的DWI诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值。方法 收集经病理证实的乳腺占位性病变患者20例,分别行基于单次激发平面回波成像（ss-EPI）技术的DWI和rs-EPI DWI,比较两种采集方法及不同病变组织间ADC值差异,绘制ROC曲线,比较两种DWI诊断乳腺良恶性病变效能。结果 ss-EPI DWI和rs-EPI DWI中正常腺体组织、良性病灶及恶性病灶ADC均值分别为（1.89±0.15）×10^-3 mm²/s、（1.36±0.26）×10^-3 mm²/s、（1.10±0.27）×10^-3 mm²/s和（1.89±0.16）×10^-3 mm²/s、（1.41±0.23）×10^-3 mm²/s、（0.96±0.25）×10^-3 mm²/s。相同方法不同组织间ADC值差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,两种方法所获得各组织ADC值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。ss-EPI DWI中以1.25×10^-3 mm²/s、rs-EPI DWI中以1.20×10^-3 mm²/s为ADC诊断乳腺恶性病变阈值,敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积分别为80%、69%、0.775和90%、84%、0.925。结论 与ss-EPI DWI相比,rs-EPI DWI可提高鉴别乳腺良恶病变的敏感度和特异度。     

扩散加权成像量化鉴别诊断肝占位性病变

目的量化分析肝占位性病灶的表观扩散系数ADC值及其扩散加权成像的图像特点.方法对20例正常志愿者及60例肝占位性病变患者行扩散加权成像,并测量腹部脏器、肝占位性病灶的ADC值及肝占位性病灶ADC值/本身肝实质ADC值的比值.结果表观扩散系数ADC值以2.50×10-3 mm2/s为界可较明确鉴别肝囊性及实性病变.结论通过综合及量化分析病灶的ADC值的变化,能更准确地判断肝占位的性质,为肝占位性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断提供一种新的方法.     

多形性胶质母细胞瘤MR弥散张量成像应用研究

目的本研究旨在探讨平均扩散系数（ADC）和各向异性指数（FA）在鉴别多形性胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤组织、水肿及正常脑组织,以及探讨ADC值及FA值在对肿瘤浸润范围中的作用。方法14例多形性胶质母细胞瘤在治疗前行常规MRI、增强扫描及弥散张量成像（DTI）,在T1WI增强、T2WI上确定肿瘤组织、水肿及正常脑组织,在ADC图和FA图上测量这些区域的FA值及ADC值,用方差分析评定值之间的差异。结果肿瘤囊变区的ADC值（2.07&#177;0.631）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s最高,其次为水肿区（1.39&#177;0.164）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s、肿瘤强化中心（1.13&#177;0.187）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s、肿瘤强化边缘（1.04&#177;0.254）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s、瘤周正常白质区（0.779&#177;0.088）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s、对侧正常白质（0.748&#177;0.082）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s。对侧正常白质FA值最高（0.538&#177;0.084）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s,肿瘤囊变区最低（0.09&#177;0.028）&#215;10^-3mm^2/s。肿瘤强化边缘与囊变坏死区、水肿区、瘤周正常白质以及对侧正常白质ADC值差别均具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,瘤周正常白质区与对侧正常白质区ADC值无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。肿瘤强化边缘与囊变坏死区、瘤周正常白质区、对侧正常白质区FA值差别均具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,瘤周正常白质区与对侧正常白质区FA值有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,肿瘤强化边缘FA值与水肿区FA值差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论ADC值可用于区分多形性胶质母细胞瘤正常脑白质、水肿和肿瘤强化边缘,FA值对于组织学鉴别无明显意义,FA值对肿瘤浸润范围有重要的意义。     

Hepatic parenchymal enhancement in the cirrhotic liver: evaluation by triple-phase dynamic MRI

Background: To evaluate the changes of liver parenchymal enhancement in the cirrhotic liver by means of triple-phase dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods: Triple-phase multisection dynamic MR imaging was performed in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis. The control group consisted of 19 patients without liver cirrhosis. After precontrast images were obtained, arterial phase images were acquired 20 s after the start of intravenous bolus administration of 0.10 mmol/kg of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Portal and delayed phase images were then acquired 1 and 3 min, respectively, after the injection of contrast material. On each phase image, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) from the liver parenchyma was measured by operator-defined regions of interest (ROIs). The contrast-enhanced ratio (CER) on each phase was then obtained according to the following formula: [S/N(arterial or portal or delayed phase image) − S/N(precontrast image)]÷ S/N(precontrast image). The portal perfusion index (PPI) also was obtained according to the following formula: [S/N(portal phase image − S/N(arterial phase image)]÷ S/N(arterial phase image). The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The CERs of arterial, portal, and delayed phase images in patients with and without liver cirrhosis were 0.256 ± 0.211, 0.640 ± 0.384, and 0.554 ± 0.318 and 0.132 ± 0.094, 0.404 ± 0.204, and 0.324 ± 0.144, respectively. The CERs were highest in the portal phase and lowest in the arterial phase in patients with and without liver cirrhosis. The CER of the cirrhotic liver was significantly higher than that of the normal liver in every phase (p < 0.05). PPIs with and without liver cirrhosis were 2.90 ± 4.03 and 3.86 ± 3.89, respectively. The PPI with liver cirrhosis was significantly lower than that without liver cirrhosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The enhancement of cirrhotic liver parenchyma is greater than that of the normal liver parenchyma at every phase of triple-phase dynamic MR imaging. Received: 17 August 2000/Revision accepted: 7 March 2001     

Detection of lymph-node metastases in patients with gastric carcinoma: comparison of three MR imaging pulse sequences

Background: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with three different pulse sequences for lymph-node metastases in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: T1-weighted spin-echo (SE), breath-hold T2-weighted fast SE, and triphasic gadolinium-enhanced dynamic gradient-recall-echo (GRE) MR images obtained in 16 patients with gastric carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Regional lymph nodes were assigned to four different groups, and image review was conducted on a lymph-node group-by-group basis; 64 lymph-node groups were reviewed by two radiologists. Relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined based on the findings with definitive surgery and follow-up imaging. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by means of receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Relative sensitivities for lymph-node metastases with T1-weighted SE, breath-hold T2-weighted fast SE, and dynamic GRE images were 61%, 94%, and 59%, respectively. Relative sensitivity with breath-hold T2-weighted fast SE images was significantly greater than that with T1-weighted SE (p < 0.05) and dynamic GRE (p < 0.05) images. Diagnostic accuracy determined by ROC analysis was marginally higher with breath-hold T2-weighted fast SE (area under ROC curve [Az]= 0.87) than with T1-weighted SE (Az = 0.78, p= 0.08) and dynamic GRE (Az = 0.79, p= 0.12) images. Conclusion: Breath-hold T2-weighted fast SE sequence is useful in the detection of regional lymph-node metastases in patients with gastric carcinoma. Received: 11 November 1998/Revision accepted: 7 April 1999     

MR弥散加权成像在前列腺良恶性病变诊断中的价值初探

目的探讨MR弥散加权成像(DWI)表观弥散系数(ADCs)在前列腺病变诊断中的价值.方法对良性前列腺增生(BPH)42例、前列腺癌(PCa)15例进行MR弥散加权成像,测算病灶表观弥散系数(ADCs).结果 BPH组前列腺中央带增生结节与外周带的平均ADC值分别为:(1.783±0.282)×10-3mm2/ s和(2.025±0.358)×10-3mm2/ s;前列腺癌组前列腺中央带与外周带癌灶平均ADC值分别为:(1.632±0.082)×10-3mm2/ s和(0.267±0.07)×10-3mm2/ s (P<0.05).结论 DWI对于BPH、PCa可提供定量诊断信息,反映其病理变化;ADC值是鉴别BPH与PCa的一个很有价值的参数.     

Evaluation of Crohn disease activity with magnetic resonance imaging

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating Crohn disease (CD) activity. The intestinal inflammatory activity is usually present in patients under pharmacologic treatment, despite their clinical remission. Methods: Twenty patients with CD, all under pharmacologic treatment, were prospectively studied by MRI at 1.5 T as a periodic control. Positivity of three acute-phase reactants was considered an index of biologic activity (BA). T2-weighted, T2-weighted fat-suppressed turbo spin-echo, and breath-hold T1-weighted turbo field-echo sequences, before and after gadolinium intravenous injection, were obtained. A negative superparamagnetic contrast agent was orally administered. The following MRI parameters were qualitatively evaluated by three radiologists at the level of the affected bowel and compared with clinical data: wall thickness (WT), wall T2-weighted signal (T2W), wall contrast enhancement (WE), amount of fibrofatty proliferation (FP), and T2-weighted signal of fibrofatty proliferation on fat-suppressed images (T2FP). The κ coefficient of agreement was calculated. The Spearman rank correlation was used for the analysis of clinical and radiologic data. Results: Nineteen of 20 patients were in clinical remission (Crohn Disease Activity Index < 150). On the basis of laboratory tests, nine of 20 patients had biologically active disease. An excellent correlation was found between BA and WE, T2W, and T2FP (0.900, 0.927 and 0.961, respectively; p < 0.0001), and a lower correlation was found between BA and WT and between BA and FP (0.78 and 0.62). Excellent statistical correlation was also found between WE and T2W and between WE and T2FP (0.876 and 0.892). Conclusions: An excellent statistical correlation was found between biologically “active” disease and the following MRI parameters: wall gadolinium enhancement, wall hyperintensity on T2-weighted fat-suppressed images, and hyperintensity of fibrofatty proliferation on T2-weighted fat-suppressed images. Therefore, MRI can be valuable in assessing CD activity. Received: 22 January 1999/Revision accepted: 3 November 1999     

前列腺磁共振扩散加权成像的初步研究

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像对正常前列腺外周带、炎症和癌的诊断价值.方法收集13例良性前列腺增生、10例前列腺炎和15例前列腺外周带癌患者的MR检查资料.将前列腺外周带以六分区法划分,依病理结果将其分为正常区、炎症区及癌区.所有病人行单次激发EPI序列的MR扩散成像检查,b值分别取300、500、800 s/mm2.观察DWI图,并测量外周带各分区内及每位患者的闭孔内肌和膀胱内表观扩散系数(ADC)值,并对所得数值进行双样本方差分析.结果13例良性前列腺增生、8例前列腺炎及14例前列腺癌获得可靠ADC值.b=800 s/mm2时,前列腺癌在DWI图像上表现为较高信号.b值越高,ADC值越低.b值相同时,各组间闭孔内肌及膀胱ADC值无统计学差异.b=800 s/mm2时,正常外周带平均ADC值(2.15±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s,炎症区平均ADC值(2.12±0.33)×10-3 mm2/s,癌区平均ADC值(1.17±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s,癌组与正常组组间差异及炎症组与癌组组间差异具有统计学意义(F=188.61,P=0.00),炎症区与正常区之间无统计学差异(P=0.53).结论MR扩散加权成像的ADC值有可能用于前列腺炎与癌的鉴别.     

Liver MR imaging: comparison of respiratory triggered fast spin echo with T2-weighted spin-echo and inversion recovery

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare a fast spin-echo sequence combined with a respiratory triggering device (R. trig. FSE) with conventional T2-weighted spin-echo (CSE) and inversion recovery (STIR) sequences for the detection of focal hepatic lesions. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 33 consecutive patients with known or suspected hepatic tumors. All patients underwent R. trig. FSE, CSE, and STIR imaging at 1.5 T. Acquisition times were 10.7 min for the CSE sequence and ranged from 12 to 15 min for STIR and from 5 to 7 min for R. trig FSE. For each sequence, liver–spleen contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and liver–lesion CNR were determined quantitatively. Image artifact and sharpness were graded by using a four-point scale on each sequence by two independent readers. Both readers also independently identified hepatic lesions (up to a maximum of eight per patient). For patients with focal lesions, the total number of lesions detected (on each sequence) and the minimum size of detected lesions were also determined by each reader. Results: No significant difference was detected between R. trig. FSE and CSE or STIR in either liver–spleen CNR or liver–lesion CNR. R. trig. FSE images were equivalent to CSE and superior to STIR in sharpness (p < 0.01) and presence of artifact (p < 0.01). R. trig. FSE detected a higher number of lesions (reader 1: n = 92, reader 2: n = 86) than CSE (reader 1: n = 70, reader 2: n = 69) and a significantly higher number than STIR (reader 1: n = 71, reader 2: n = 76). Lesion structure was significantly better defined with R. trig. FSE than with STIR (p < 0.01) and CSE (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with CSE and STIR, R. trig. FSE produces hepatic images of comparable resolution and detects an increased number of focal hepatic lesions in a shorter period of time. Received: 5 April 1995/Accepted: 2 May 1995     

肝泡型包虫病DWI病变特征及诊断价值

目的 探讨肝脏泡型包虫病DWI的影像特征。方法 回顾性分析24例肝脏泡型包虫病患者资料。对所有患者行自由呼吸扩散加权单次激发平面回波成像序列（b值为200、600、800 s/mm²）扫描。评估病变大小、位置、囊性和/或软组织成分,测量病灶ADC值。结果 24例患者平均病变数目为1.6个/例,平均最大径（4.6±1.2） cm。病灶位于肝右叶16例,位于肝左叶8例。b值为800 s/mm²时,病变囊性坏死部分ADC值为（2.98±0.86）×10^－3 mm²/s,实性部分ADC值为（1.84±0.52）×10^－3 mm²/s。囊性病变DWI呈低信号6例,呈明显高信号16例,呈混杂信号2例;实性病变DWI均低信号病灶。结论 肝脏泡型包虫病DWI可清晰显示病灶结构,对诊断该病有一定价值。     

磁共振扩散加权成像ADC值对肝硬化和肝癌的诊断价值

目的探讨SENSE技术支持下磁共振扩散成像ADC值在诊断肝硬化和肝癌中的应用价值。方法对30例正常健康志愿者、30例肝硬化、30例肝癌进行上腹部磁共振扩散加权成像扫描,在ADC图上直接测量其ADC值。结果在b值为300、1000和1500s/mm2时,正常肝脏ADC值范围分别为(1.520±0.169),(1.200±0.132),(1.068±0.118)×10-3mm2/s;肝硬化ADC值范围分别为(1.305±0.1181),(1.137±0.124),(1.006±0.107)×10-3mm2/s;肝癌ADC值范围分别为(1.163±0.206),(0.898±0.155),(0.803±0.140)×10-3mm2/s。经统计学分析其存在明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论磁共振扩散成像ADC值在肝硬化和肝癌的诊断中有一定价值。     

表观扩散系数值在区分肌肉骨骼系统良、恶性肿瘤中的作用

目的 探讨ADC值在区分肌肉骨骼系统肿瘤良恶性中的作用.方法 对33例患有肌肉骨骼系统肿瘤的患者进行MR常规T1加权,T2加权,压脂T2加权检查,以及3D Fast SPGR动态增强成像.MR扩散加权成像采用SS-EPI序列,b值分别取0、700 s/mm2,在动态增强扫描图像上强化明显的区域作为扩散加权成像图上的感兴趣区,测定肿瘤的ADC值.结果 在33例肿瘤中,良性肿瘤为17例,平均ADC值为(1.54±0.35)×10-3mm2/s,恶性肿瘤共有16例,平均ADC值为(1.45±0.45)×10-3mm2/s,二者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).在33例病例中,共有6例软骨类肿瘤,平均ADC值(1.945±0.51)X10-3mm2/s;非软骨类肿瘤共有27例,平均ADC值(1.41±0.29)×10-3mm2/s,二者之间有显著差异(P<0.05).除1例软骨类肿瘤外,所有软骨类肿瘤的ADC值均大于2.0×10-3mm2/s.结论 以MR动态增强图像来选取DWI图像上肿瘤的感兴趣区(ROI)而测得的ADC值不能区分肌肉骨骼系统肿瘤的良恶性;但是高ADC值(>2.0×10-3mm2/s)对诊断软骨类肿瘤有一定价值.     

扩散加权成像诊断鼻咽癌放疗后颅底斜坡复发

目的 探讨DWI诊断鼻咽癌颅底斜坡复发瘤价值。方法 收集经病理活检或随访证实的22例鼻咽癌放疗后颅底斜坡复发瘤患者和48例无复发患者,分析其常规MRI以及DWI特征,比较二者ADC值的差异,绘制ROC曲线,确定ADC诊断鼻咽癌颅底斜坡复发瘤的阈值。结果 MR平扫示复发与无复发患者的病灶均呈稍长T1稍长T2信号,增强后呈无强化至明显强化。复发患者中,77.27%（17/22）病灶DWI呈高信号,18.18%（4/22）呈等信号,其中21例（21/22,95.45%）病灶ADC图像均呈低或稍低信号;1例（1/22,4.55%）病灶DWI呈等信号、ADC图像呈稍高信号。无复发患者中,91.67%（44/48）病灶DWI呈高信号、ADC图像呈等或稍高信号,8.33%（4/48）病灶DWI呈等或稍低信号,ADC图像呈等或稍低信号。复发患者与无复发患者病灶ADC值差异有统计学意义[（0.78±0.17）]×10^-3mm²/s vs（1.67±0.34）×10^-3mm²/s, P=0.002）。以1.018×10^-3mm²/s为ADS诊断复发瘤阈值,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为95.45%（21、22）和91.67%（44、48）,ROC曲线下面积为0.984。结论 DWI诊断鼻咽癌颅底斜坡复发瘤效能较高,具有重要临床应用价值。