腮腺良性肿瘤切除的改良术式

目的　探讨保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜、耳大神经和胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的改良腮腺切除术对术后并发症的预防效果。方法　226例腮腺良性肿瘤患者随机分为4组。1组:94例患者采用保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜的腮腺切除术式;2组: 42例患者采用保留筋膜加胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的术式;3组:57例患者采用传统的皮下瓣(不保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜);4 组:33例患者采用不保留筋膜加胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的术式。患者术后随访2年,每2月1次。通过Minor试验和主观感受,观察术后患者味觉出汗综合征的发生,评价患者耳垂麻木和耳垂区软组织凹陷情况。结果　味觉出汗综合征的发生率1组(5·32%)或2组(4·76%)与3组(49·1%)或4组(51·5%)间在主观感受上存在统计学差异(P< 0·005)。采用胸锁乳突肌瓣与否没有统计学差异(P>0·05)。微量淀粉碘试验检测示1组与3组或4组间有统计学差异(P<0·005)。味觉出汗综合征的症状持续时间在1组与3组或4组间有统计学差异(P<0·001)。1组和2 组或3组和4组间在防止耳垂凹陷上存在统计学差异(P<0·05);未采用胸锁乳突肌瓣的2组与4组间无统计学差异(P>0·05)。保留耳大神经后术区出现麻木症状较术前无明显改变。结论　腮腺切除术时保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜对预防味觉出汗综合征有显著效果。采用胸锁乳突肌瓣整复可以防止耳垂区的凹陷,取得较好的美学效果。保留耳大神经可预防术区感觉降低。     

腮腺良性肿瘤改良术式的临床探讨

目的:探讨腮腺良性肿瘤改良术式的临床效果及其合理性.方法:110例患者随机分为2组,一组行保留腮腺咬肌筋膜、保留耳大神经分支和腮腺部分切除术的腮腺良性肿瘤改良术式,另一组行传统腮腺浅叶或全叶切除术;术后随访2a.记录手术出血量、手术时间,临床检查暂时性面瘫和术后肿瘤复发,行Minor试验,问卷调查味觉出汗综合征发生率、耳垂区感觉及面部畸形情况.采用SPSS10.0软件包对数据进行t检验或X2检验.结果:2组对比,腮腺良性肿瘤改良术式的出血量和手术时间显著低于传统腮腺浅叶切除术,术后暂时性面瘫、涎瘘和术后肿瘤复发率2组无显著差异.2组味觉出汗综合征的发生率,问卷调查和微量淀粉碘试验结果,均有统计学差异(P<0.05);保留耳大神经后支,耳垂区麻木症状发生率明显降低.结论:腮腺良性肿瘤改良术式可以减少手术出血量,缩短手术时间,显著减少味觉出汗综合征、耳垂区感觉障碍的发生率,患者术后面部畸形也获得良好改善.     

腮腺多形性腺瘤手术方式的改良

目的：探讨改良腮腺多形性腺瘤手术方式的临床应用效果。方法：采用改良手术方式,切除腮腺多形性腺瘤62例,观察术后并发症。结果：62例术后均有不同程度面瘫,于术后2周～3个月内恢复正常,耳垂皮肤感觉减弱,于术后2月内恢复正常,无涎瘘发生,随访2～10年,Frey综合征2例,无肿瘤复发,术后术区无凹陷,切口疤痕隐蔽。结论：改良术式切除腮腺多形性腺瘤,与传统术式相比,能达到同样疗效,但具有保存耳大神经,胸锁乳突肌瓣修复术后缺损便利,术后Frey综合征发生率低,术区无凹陷畸形,切口隐蔽等优点。     

腮腺切除改良术式治疗腮腺良性肿瘤

目的了解腮腺切除改良术式治疗腮腺良性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法采用腮腺切除改良术式共治疗35例腮腺良性肿瘤患者，术式改良内容包括除皱术手术切口、解剖保留耳大神经后支、胸锁乳突肌肌瓣填塞术区、术后负压引流。结果本组35例患者术后出现Frey综合征者2例，发生涎瘘者1例，出现暂时性面神经功能减弱者7例，术侧耳垂和耳廓背部皮肤感觉均暂时性减弱，术后美容效果满意率100％。结论腮腺切除改良术式治疗腮腺良性肿瘤既可取得良好的美容效果，又可降低并发症发生率，值得在临床推广。     

Prevention of Frey syndrome with superficial temporal fascia interpositioning: a retrospective study

Frey syndrome (FS) is a commonly documented postoperative complication following parotidectomy. The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of superficial temporal fascia (STF) as interpositioning barrier between the overlying skin flap and the parotid bed for the prevention of FS following superficial parotidectomy. A retrospective study was designed involving a population of patients from a single institution who underwent superficial parotidectomy for parotid tumours and refractory chronic sialadenitis from 2008 to 2011. Forty-eight cases were identified and divided into two groups: group I (n = 25) had undergone STF interpositioning between the skin flap and the parotid bed after extending the modified Blair's incision in the temporal region, and group II (n = 23) had undergone a superficial parotidectomy using the modified Blair's incision without any interpositioning. In group I, one of 25 cases (4%) developed mild FS; in group II, nine of 23 cases (39.1%) developed FS of varying severity. There were no cases of permanent facial palsy in either group. Alopecia along the temporal extension of the incision line was imperceptible in all group I cases. The use of an STF interpositioning barrier between the overlying skin flap and the parotid bed is a safe and effective procedure for the prevention of FS following superficial parotidectomy.     

腮腺筋膜和耳大神经保留的改良方法

目的：介绍～种腮腺切除术中保留耳大神经和腮腺筋膜的改良方法。方法：取常规s形切口,在腮腺筋膜浅面先向前游离皮瓣至腮腺近前缘,再于耳垂前1cm处纵形切开腮腺筋膜,在腮腺筋膜深面、腮腺组织表面向后游离至胸锁乳突肌,形成皮肤筋膜瓣。在游离过程中,将耳大神经主干及耳垂支、耳后支保留在皮肤筋膜瓣上,最后向前游离筋膜瓣。完成腮腺切除后,将前、后腮腺筋膜瓣折叠,拉紧缝合。结果：45／46例患者获得随访。术后3例分别在5个月、9个月和11个月出现轻度Frey综合征。9例术后出现耳垂暂时麻木,1～3个月后恢复感觉。下颌后凹陷不明显,无涎瘘发生。结论：改良的手术方法能完好地保留腮腺筋膜和耳大神经耳垂支、耳后支,显著降低相应并发症的发生。     

Face-lift approach combined with a superficial musculoaponeurotic system advancement flap in parotidectomy

A standard bayonet-shaped incision with no reconstruction of the parotid bed is usually used for removal of parotid tumours. Its disadvantages are often an obvious cervical scar, a conspicuous shallow contour around the angle of the mandible, and gustatory sweating. We have studied 17 patients with benign parotid tumours, who were treated by superficial parotidectomy with a combination of a face-lift approach and a superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) advancement flap. The patients were followed up every 6 months for 3 years. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome, and the depression deformity was considerably less. This approach prevented gustatory sweating. We think that this approach is simple and a useful tool in parotidectomy.     

The feasibility and significance of preservation of the lobular branch of the great auricular nerve in parotidectomy

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and significance of preserving the lobular branch of the great auricular nerve (GAN) during parotidectomy. Ninety-three patients with benign tumour undergoing parotidectomy were separated randomly into three groups. Thirty-one patients underwent a parotidectomy with the main trunk of GAN sacrificed (group A), 29 patients had the posterior-auricular branch preserved (group B), and 33 patients had the lobular branch preserved (group C). The operating times were recorded. Tactile sensitivity and pain sensitivity were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Eighty-three patients were followed-up. Preservation of the lobular branch required no extra operating time. In group C, sensitivity in the lobular region reached preoperative levels by 6 months after surgery. In the other groups, recovery of sensory function in the lobular region was partial. Patients with the lobular branch of GAN preserved had significantly better sensory recovery in the lobular region 1 year after surgery (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that preservation of the lobular branch of GAN is technically feasible during parotidectomy. The preservation of the lobular branch of GAN guarantees improvement of postoperative sensitivity of the lobular region.     

腮腺咬肌筋膜在腮腺肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的:探讨在腮腺切除手术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜预防腮腺切除术后并发症的效果。方法 :对21例腮腺良性肿瘤患者行肿瘤切除术的同时保留了腮腺咬肌筋膜,术后随访6～30个月。结果:20例患者手术获得成功,仅有1例于19个月后肿瘤复发,4例出现味觉出汗综合征。结论:在腮腺良性肿瘤切除手术中完好地保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,对预防术后味觉出汗综合征有明显效果,并且是安全、可靠的。     

改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术21例报道

目的：对常规腮腺良性肿瘤切除术进行改进，使切口更加隐蔽，保护耳大神经，减少Frey’s综合征的发生，同时纠正术区凹陷。方法：采取改良除皱术切口，清晰显露解剖耳大神经；转移带蒂颞肌筋膜瓣充填术区缺损，并作为屏障阻断副交感神经与节后交感神经纤维互相吻合的途径。结果：21例接受改良手术的病人，皮肤切口隐藏良好，20例伤口一期愈合，随访6月—2年，无1例发生Frey’s综合征，术侧耳垂感觉完全恢复。结论：改良腮腺肿瘤手术既能彻底摘除肿瘤，又可防止术后局部凹陷畸形和Frey’s综合征的发生，值得推广应用。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质与重建腮腺嚼肌筋膜预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征的比较研究

目的　比较异种脱细胞真皮基质和重建腮腺咬肌筋膜预防腮腺手术后味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法　将2005年1月—2008年10月无锡市第四人民医院口腔科收治的腮腺良性肿瘤患者87例,随机分为4组：①对照组(A组)15例,单纯行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺肿瘤及浅叶组织切除;②胸锁乳突肌肌瓣组(B组)23例,不保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜的腮腺肿瘤及腮腺组织切除后,缺损处表面覆盖胸锁乳突肌肌瓣。③腮腺咬肌筋膜瓣组(C组)22例,切除腮腺肿瘤及腮腺组织时保留腮腺咬肌筋膜;④异种脱细胞真皮基质组(C组)27例,行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺肿瘤及腮腺组织叶切除术后,根据缺损大小植入异种脱细胞真皮基质。结果　所有病例术后随访12个月时,进行主观评价及客观评价,A组10／15例(66.67％)、B组4/23例(17.39％)、C组2／22例(9.09％)、D组1／27例(3.70％)出现味觉出汗综合征。D组与C组和第B、A组比较,有显著统计学差异(P＜0．05),D组与C组两者之间并无明显统计学差异。结论　保留腮腺咬肌筋膜能够预防味觉出汗综合征,对于无法保留腮腺咬肌筋膜者利用异体脱细胞真皮基质也同样能够较好的预防味觉出汗综合征发生。     

腮腺良性肿瘤部分切除术的临床探讨

目的 观察腮腺良性肿瘤部分切除术与传统腮腺浅叶切除术术后并发症的比较,探讨部分切除术的合理性。 方法 选择腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者103例,其中53例采用腮腺部分切除术治疗,在距肿瘤边界0.5~ 1.0 cm 处的正常腺体内切除肿瘤,保留腮腺咬肌筋膜、耳大神经分支。50例采用传统腮腺浅叶切除术。随访0.5~ 5年,观察并比较（卡方检验）2组并发症的发生率及肿瘤复发情况。 结果 腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤部分切除术术后较少出现面部畸形,腮腺功能良好,相对于传统腮腺浅叶切除术组,Frey综合征、口干、耳垂区麻木以及术后暂时性面瘫、涎瘘等术后并发症发生率均明显减少（P＜0.05）。2组患者术后肿瘤均无复发。 结论 腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤部分切除术既能保证腮腺良性肿瘤彻底切除,又可以显著减少各类手术并发症。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣和腮腺筋膜瓣联合应用对腮腺良性肿瘤术后并发症的预防作用

目的：探讨胸锁乳突肌瓣和腮腺筋膜瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的临床应用效果。方法：216例腮腺良性肿瘤患者被随机分为对照组和3组试验组,对照组病例在切除腮腺肿瘤后直接关闭手术创面;胸锁乳突肌瓣组则转移带蒂胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区凹陷;腮腺筋膜瓣组为保留腮腺筋膜瓣用以覆盖手术创面;胸锁乳突肌瓣＋腮腺筋膜瓣组采用先转移带蒂胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区凹陷,再以保留的腮腺筋膜瓣覆盖手术创面。病例随访6～60个月。结果：胸锁乳突肌瓣＋腮腺筋膜瓣组和胸锁乳突肌瓣组在手术区域凹陷畸形的改善效果优于腮腺筋膜瓣组和对照组（P〈0.01）;而腮腺筋膜瓣组和胸锁乳突肌瓣＋腮腺筋膜瓣组在减少Frey综合征发生方面强于对照组和胸锁乳突肌瓣组（P〈0.01）;对照组与试验组患者在涎瘘发生的差异无统计学意义。结论：胸锁乳突肌瓣可作为修复腮腺术后凹陷缺损的优先选择,腮腺筋膜瓣在降低味觉出汗综合征发生率方面的作用突出,二者的结合应用疗效更为理想。     

改良腮腺部分切除术在老年腮腺下极良性肿瘤中的临床应用

目的:探讨改良腮腺部分切除术在老年腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性地研究2005年8月-2010年10月我院治疗的老年腮腺下极良性肿瘤患者86例,其中,采用改良腮腺部分切除术患者37例,采用传统的腮腺浅叶切除术患者49例;所有患者随访1-5年,对比其并发症的发生率及肿瘤复发情况。结果:采用腮腺浅叶切除术组面部畸形明显,暂时性面瘫发生率为20.4%(10/49),味觉出汗综合征发生率为40.8%(20/49),涎瘘发生率4.1%(2/49);采用改良腮腺部分切除术组患者术区面部畸形较轻,暂时性面瘫发生率为5.4%(2/37),味觉出汗综合征发生率为8.1%(3/37),P<0.05,本组无涎瘘发生;2组患者随访期间均无肿瘤复发。结论:腮腺部分切除术具有手术创伤小,并发症少,术后面部畸形小等优点,是老年腮腺下极良性肿瘤治疗的理想术式。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复腮腺手术缺损区的临床分析

目的:探讨腮腺切除手术同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移术对修复腮腺术区凹陷畸形的效果及对味觉出汗综合征的预防作用。方法:对21例腮腺良性肿瘤病人行肿瘤及腮腺部分或全叶切除术,同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移术,观察治疗结果。结果:术后切口均一期愈合,经3～24个月随访,腮腺区外形良好,颈部外形及功能正常,无1例患者出现味觉出汗综合征。结论:胸锁乳突肌瓣转移术能改善腮腺切除手术后凹陷畸形,能有效降低味觉出汗综合征发病率。     

功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺深叶良性肿瘤

目的：探讨保存功能性外科在腮腺深叶肿瘤切除术中的应用及疗效。方法：17例腮腺深叶良性肿瘤患者,其中位于深叶者12例,累及浅深2叶者5例,直径均≤3 cm。采用制备筋膜腺体瓣并预留出将要切除的肿瘤及周围腺体的方法,完整切除腮腺深叶及肿瘤同时保存腮腺浅叶功能。结果：全部患者的手术均顺利完成,创口均Ⅰ期愈合,无涎瘘,外形满意;暂时性面瘫发生2例（11．76％）。17例均获随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均11个月。未见肿瘤复发;面瘫基本消失。结论：应用功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺深叶良性肿瘤能有效保存腺体功能,减少面部凹陷畸形及味觉出汗综合征等并发症。     

Facelift approach with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap in parotidectomy for prevention of scars and contour deficiency affecting the neck and sweat secretion of the cheek

Tumors of the parotid gland are generally be removed by the standard external bayonet-shaped incision approach without reconstruction of the parotid bed. The disadvantage of this approach is frequently an obvious scar affecting the neck and a conspicuous hollow contour around the angle of the mandible in addition to a sweat secretion of the cheek (Frey syndrome). To overcome these disadvantages, especially the facial depressed deformity subsequent to parotid surgery, during the last several years, the author has concentrated on facelift incision used in combination with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap. Twelve patients (7 male; 5 female) ranging in age from 32 to 73 years (mean age, 57.8 years) fulfilled the selection criterion of having a clinically benign discrete parotid lump with a benign preoperative fine-needle cytology result. Parotidectomy was performed using the modified facelift incision in conjunction with the rotation advancement hybrid SMAS flap. All patients were followed up every 3 months during the first year. During follow-up, the patients were specifically asked about their satisfaction with their postoperative appearance and whether they would consent to the operation again. The vascularized hybrid vicryl mesh/SMAS rotation advancement flap is clinically simple to perform and provides satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in patients undergoing conservative parotidectomy and prevents the gustatory sweating. There are no drawbacks to the use of the modified facelift incision to remove tumors of the parotid gland.     

改良腮腺肿瘤切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨改良腮腺肿瘤切除术在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的临床应用价值。方法:腮腺首发良性肿瘤146例,肿瘤直径≦3.0cm,采用保留腮腺咬肌筋膜、腮腺导管、耳大神经的腮腺部分切除术治疗,距肿瘤边缘0.5～1.0cm正常腺体组织内切除肿瘤。随访2～5年,观察术后并发症及肿瘤复发情况。结果:全部患者术后面部畸形较轻,腮腺功能良好,耳垂无明显麻木,无永久性面神经损伤,肿瘤无复发。出现暂时性面瘫45例,Frey’s综合症23例。结论:改良腮腺肿瘤切除术手术创伤小,术后并发症少,具有很高的临床推广价值。     

改良腮腺切除术的临床应用

目的:总结应用倒S形切口、保留耳大神经及腮腺咬肌筋膜重建的改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术式的临床治疗效果。方法:40例术中明确诊断为腮腺良性肿瘤的患者随机分成2组,A组(18例)采用改良术式(倒S切口、保留耳大神经、重建腮腺咬肌筋膜),B组(22例)采用传统腮腺浅叶或全叶切除术式,术后评价临床治疗效果。结果:全部手术均顺利完成,术后均随访12～24月。A组患者均术后面部瘢痕隐蔽,面部无凹陷,未出现暂时性面瘫,有短期耳垂麻木感2例(11.1%)、味觉出汗综合征2例(11.1%)。而B组有耳垂麻木7例(31.8%),暂时性面瘫12例(54.5%),味觉出汗综合征14例(63.6%)。结论:改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术较传统术式操作简单,容易掌握,能够克服传统术式易导致面神经损伤以及面部瘢痕明显的问题,能较好地预防味觉出汗综合征。     

改良耳周切口在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 评价改良耳周切口在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中应用的临床效果.方法 32例腮腺良性肿瘤患者,应用改良耳周切口行区域性腺体切除术、保留面神经和耳大神经的腮腺良性肿瘤切除术.术后随访,观察改良耳周切口的美观度及临床疗效.结果 所有患者均临床Ⅰ期愈合,无涎瘘发生.随访3 ～ 36个月,患者术后切口隐蔽,瘢痕小,腮腺区凹陷畸形不明显;无1例复发;有1例患者出现Frey's综合征;5例患者术后出现耳垂麻木,术后3 ～10个月内逐渐得到恢复.对32例患者行面神经功能评价:3例患者House-Brackmann分级为Ⅱ级,其余均为Ⅰ级.患者对切口的美观度比较满意.结论 改良耳周切口隐蔽,瘢痕小,并发症低于传统术式,术后美容效果理想.