腮腺Warthin瘤50例临床及CT表现分析

目的探讨腮腺Warthin瘤的CT表现。方法收集经手术及病理证实的腮腺Warthin瘤50例,分析其CT平扫及增强表现。结果50例Warthin瘤患者,共71个病灶,大小1．2～4．1cm,单发36例,单侧多发4例,双侧各见一个病灶8例,双侧多发2例;42个瘤灶为实性,29个为囊实性;61个病灶边界清楚,10个部分边界不清;增强扫描病灶实性部分明显强化。结论CT有助于Warthin瘤的定位及定性诊断,可为手术切除提供有用信息。     

五例肝上皮样血管内皮瘤的CT/MRI表现及文献复习

目的 探讨肝上皮样血管内皮瘤（hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,HEHE）的CT/MRI影像学表现特点。方法 回顾性分析温州市中心医院2015年6月至2020年2月5例经病理证实的HEHE患者的临床及CT/MRI资料,分析其影像学表现特点。结果 本组男3例,女2例,年龄32～57岁,平均（47.8±9.6）岁。按病灶数量可分为单发结节型1例,多发结节型3例,弥漫融合型1例。5例HEHE患者共检出病灶90个,肝右叶65个,肝左叶25个,肝右叶病灶数量多于肝左叶,最大病灶直径约5.3 cm,最小病灶直径约0.4 cm。CT平扫除1例21个病灶中心可见斑点状钙化影,其余病灶均呈低密度影。MRI平扫T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI均呈中高信号,66个病灶中心可见更高信号;DWI均呈高信号。5例患者病灶均有沿肝包膜下分布趋势,79个病灶离肝包膜＜2 cm,3例6个病灶可见“包膜皱缩征”,4例66个病灶可见“靶征”,2例3个病灶可见“棒棒糖征”,1例2个病灶可见“瘤内血管征”,1例弥漫融合型肝左右叶均可见肝内胆管扩张,1例多发结节型肝S5段可见肝内胆管扩张。增强扫描19个病灶呈均匀强化型,65个病灶呈环形强化型,6个病灶呈中心填充型。5例患者均获得随访,随访时间6～17个月,1例单发结节型患者经手术切除病灶无复发,3例多发结节型患者经介入治疗病情稳定,1例弥漫融合型患者经介入治疗,病灶依旧明显进展,出现腹水。结论 HEHE以肝内多发病灶为主,病灶数越多,影像学表现越典型。HEHE病灶多沿肝包膜下分布,较大病灶可引起肝包膜皱缩,“靶征”“棒棒糖征”“瘤内血管征”均有助于提高该病的诊断,DWI序列可发现更多小病灶。     

囊腔类肺癌CT特征分析

目的分析囊腔类肺癌的CT特征。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的24例囊腔类肺癌的CT表现。所有患者均接受平扫,其中4例同期接受增强扫描。结果 24例均为单发病灶。4例病灶CT表现为单纯囊腔,8例表现为囊腔伴周围磨玻璃密度影,7例表现为囊腔伴周围实性密度影,5例囊腔周围同时伴有磨玻璃及实性密度影;囊腔形态呈圆形或类圆形9例,不规则形15例;22例囊壁不光整,2例囊腔壁光整。4例接受CT增强扫描者囊腔周围实性密度影可见中度强化。13例囊腔内可见壁结节,20例囊腔内可见粗细不均的分隔;出现分叶征18例,毛刺征12例,血管集束征9例,胸膜凹陷征10例。结论囊腔类肺癌CT表现具有一定特征性,对囊腔及其周围CT表现进行综合分析有助于进一步明确诊断。     

肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断(附24例分析)

目的探讨肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（RAML）的CT征象及CT检查在其诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析总结了24例经手术病理及随访证实的RAML的临床及CT资料，其中男8例，女16例，年龄23—73岁，病程3个月-2年。结果24例RAML中，双侧发病6例，单侧发病18例，病灶大小1—15cm不等。CT表现为肾脏内单发或多发圆形混杂密度肿块影，其内并见脂肪征、蜂窝征和线样征。2例合并病灶周围环形钙化，3例病灶合并出血。增强检查表现为病灶内软组织成分强化。结论典型的RAML有其特征性的CT征象，确诊的依据足病灶内是否含有脂肪组织。CT检查在RAML的诊断中具有重要价值。     

脾脏单发肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的CT表现

目的探讨脾脏单发肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的CT表现。方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的脾脏单发肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的临床表现及CT特点。结果 18例单发脾脏肿瘤或肿瘤样病变中,血管瘤2例,其中1例明显强化,1例边缘结节状强化;3例淋巴管瘤边缘及分隔轻度强化;3例较大窦岸细胞血管瘤动脉期明显强化,门静脉期逐渐均匀强化,延迟期强化与周围组织相仿,另2例边缘轻度强化;3例较大硬化性血管瘤结节样转化病灶内见"辐轮状钙化"及"辐轮状强化",另1例病灶内见液化坏死;1例上皮样血管内皮瘤平扫及增强无特征性改变;1例巨块型淋巴瘤动脉期可见"血管漂浮"征;2例淋巴瘤呈轻度均匀强化。结论 CT可较清晰地显示脾脏病灶的大小、形状、密度、边界及强化程度,对脾脏单发肿瘤或肿瘤性病变有较高的诊断价值。     

脾脏淋巴管瘤的影像学特征及病理基础北大核心CSCD

目的探讨脾脏淋巴管瘤的影像学特征。方法回顾性分析18例脾脏淋巴管瘤的临床、影像学及病理资料;CT平扫＋增强15例,MRI平扫＋增强6例,^18F-FDGPET／CT扫描1例。结果脾脏淋巴管瘤的影像学表现：（1）单发病灶13例,多发4例,淋巴管瘤病1例。单个病灶最大径15．8cm,最小径〈1．0cm。单发病灶多为分叶状,多发和淋巴管瘤病为大小不等类圆形。（2）12例为水样低密度,3例为实性稍低密度。3例多发病灶可见钙化。增强后囊内容物无强化、间隔轻度强化,实性病灶呈渐进性不均匀强化。（3）MRI：囊内容物呈T1WI低、T2WI高亮或高信号,间隔呈T1WI等信号、T2WI稍低信号。（4）1例PET／CT检查^18F—FDG未见异常摄取。结论根据脾脏淋巴管瘤的影像学表现可建立初步诊断。     

脑转移瘤的CT诊断

目的总结脑转移瘤的CT表现,以期提高对该病CT诊断与鉴别诊断的认识。方法回顾性分析38例脑转移瘤的CT表现。结果病灶位于幕上31例,幕下3例,幕上幕下共存4例;病灶多发29例,单发9例;32例呈中重度水肿,4例轻度水肿,2例无明显水肿;26例行增强扫描,呈均匀强化19例,非均匀性强化7例。结论转移瘤多位于幕上,多发为主,＂小病灶大水肿＂是较有特征性的CT表现;CT检查对转移瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

婴儿型肝血管内皮细胞瘤的影像学诊断价值

目的 探讨婴儿型肝血管内皮细胞瘤的影像学表现及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析15例婴儿型肝血管内皮细胞瘤的影像学表现,所有病例均行超声检查,10例行CT检查,7例行MRI检查.结果 15例中,单发病灶9例,多发病灶6例.影像学特点：肝内单发、多发及弥漫性结节或肿块,边界多清晰,病灶内或周围可见丰富血管影.超声以低回声为主,也可为高回声或混杂回声,多普勒超声检查示病灶血供丰富.CT平扫呈低密度灶,伴有斑点、斑片、条索状钙化.增强扫描示小病灶动脉期均匀明显强化或环行强化,延迟期持续强化;大病灶动脉期边缘呈环形及花瓣样强化,延迟期持续向心性强化,中心区域可见条索状血管样强化及未强化区域.MRI表现为不均匀长T1长T2信号,混杂出血、坏死及迂曲流空血管.结论 婴儿型肝血管内皮细胞瘤影像学表现具有一定特征.超声应作为筛查和随访的重要手段,CT和MR对早期定性诊断有帮助.     

神经鞘瘤影像表现与术前误诊分析

[目的]分析多部位神经鞘瘤的CT、MRI表现,以降低本病术前误诊率。[方法]收集本院2014年3月—2020年10月收治的31例经手术病理证实的神经鞘瘤临床及影像学资料,结合病理,分析总结病灶的影像学特征。[结果] 31例不同部位神经鞘瘤均为单发病灶,椭圆形及类圆形占87.10%(27/31),哑铃型占9.68%(3/31),分叶状占3.23%(1/31)。病灶以实性为主(17/31)最多,囊实性(10/31)其次,囊性为主(4/31)最少。CT平扫呈稍低或低密度,MRI信号不均匀,增强扫描呈延迟或持续强化。83.87%(26/31)病灶沿神经方向走行。四肢病灶MRI多表现为囊实性、靶征、神经出入和脂肪分离征。椎管病灶(11/12)可见"脑脊液尾征"。腮腺内、胸腔壁及胃壁病灶未见神经鞘瘤典型征象,术前误诊。[结论]常见部位神经鞘瘤具有典型影像表现,易于诊断。少见部位神经鞘瘤易误诊。     

肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤的影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的 分析肝脏上皮样血管内皮瘤（hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma,HEHE）的影像学特征,以提高该病诊断水平。方法 收集浙江省肿瘤医院2015年1月至2021年1月10例经穿刺病理证实的HEHE影像资料,分析患者未经治疗前的影像学表现。结果 10例HEHE中,单发病灶1例,多发病灶9例;6例仅行CT检查,3例仅行MRI检查,1例既行CT又行MRI检查。1例单发病灶行CT检查,平扫为低密度结节,边界模糊,动脉期环形轻度强化,中心呈低密度,门脉期强化区未见减退,为“靶征”。9例多发病灶,其影像表现具有多样性,强化后可见不均质强化、片状强化、环形强化、向心性强化等;9例均有部分病灶出现“靶征”,且位于肝包膜下区的病灶常可见“包膜皱缩征”。7例影像学上可见“棒棒糖征”,4例出现异常灌注,1例出现“瘤内血管征”。全部10例患者均未见明显钙化。结论 HEHE的影像学表现有一定特征性,可作为HEHE的术前辅助诊断工具。     

Treatment of Warthin's tumor by enucleation

Among 162 patients with Warthin's tumor, 113 had removal by enucleation. The others, in whom parotidectomy and facial nerve dissection were performed, were not suspected of having Warthin's tumor preoperatively or had tumor too close to the facial nerve to be safely enucleated. Patients were generally older and more likely to be male than patients with other benign parotid tumors. Fifteen patients had multiple Warthin's tumors at the time of initial presentation; in an additional 12 patients, Warthin's tumor developed in the opposite parotid gland after the initial operation. In only two patients did an additional tumor develop in a gland from which a Warthin's tumor had previously been enucleated. No permanent injuries to the facial nerve occurred. Because of the safety and efficacy with which enucleation can be performed and because the risk of malignant transformation of Warthin's tumors is extremely small, we believe that enucleation is the treatment of choice in most cases.     

Acute parotitis as a complication of fine-needle aspiration in Warthin's tumor. A unique finding of a 3-year experience with parotid tumor aspiration.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an accurate, cost-effective tool for the study of salivary gland lesions. Although complications are extremely rare, salivary gland FNA can lead to hemorrhage, facial nerve injury, and cellulitis at the needle puncture site. Some studies suggest that FNA can cause infarction or metaplastic transformation of benign Warthin's tumors. We review our recent experience with FNA of the parotid gland, focusing on possible complications and pitfalls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The medical records of all patients who underwent FNA of the parotid gland from 2000 to 2002 in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of a major tertiary-care referral center were reviewed. Cytological results were compared to the histological diagnosis and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 256 lesions aspirated, 99 patients (39%), were cytologically diagnosed as benign tumors, including 31 (12%) Warthin's tumors, of which 16/17 resected and confirmed histologically. Five patients with Warthin's tumor had post-FNA parotitis and were treated accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cystic spaces surrounded by oncocytic cells and a poor blood supply makes the tumor susceptible to infarction and inflammation. Our findings indicate that FNA is a strong and reliable tool in the investigation of the salivary glands. Nevertheless, when Warthin's tumor is clinically suspected on the basis of its location (tail of the parotid gland), cystic texture, patient sex (male) and age, one should consider parotitis as a possible complication. EBM rating: C-4.     

嗜酸性肝脓肿的影像表现:与病理对照

目的 探讨嗜酸性肝脓肿的影像和病理表现.方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的嗜酸性肝脓肿的资料,分析其影像表现.结果 8例行CT增强扫描,表现为3种强化方式:动脉期病变边缘轻度强化,静脉期及延迟期呈分隔状强化3例;动脉期病变边缘轻度强化,静脉期及延迟期呈蜂窝状强化4例;动脉期病变表现为连续的环状强化,静脉期及延迟期呈低密度1例.MR检查2例,平扫病灶均呈T1WI等、T2WI高信号,DWI表现为高信号;MR增强扫描动脉期病变呈蜂窝状强化,静脉期及平衡期持续强化.结论 了解嗜酸性肝脓肿的影像表现对于提高该病的诊断准确率具有重要意义.     

Epidemiology of Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland in an Asian population.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have documented a number of changing demographic features in the occurrence of Warthin's tumour (adenolymphoma) of the parotid gland. In order to analyse its epidemiology in an Asian population, a retrospective study was performed on all parotid neoplasms (n = 289) operated on between 1988 and 1998. Patients and methods: A total of 209 consecutive patients were selected for study, 136 with pleomorphic adenomas (one bilateral) and 73 with Warthin's tumours (seven bilateral). Patients were analysed with regard to tumour incidence, age, sex and race. Smoking as an aetiological factor in the development of Warthin's tumour was also studied. RESULTS: Warthin's tumour formed 25 per cent of parotid tumours and its ratio to pleomorphic adenomas was 1 : 1.9. Multicentricity was found in 14 patients (19 per cent). The male : female ratio for Warthin's tumours was 4.6 : 1. The proportion of Warthin's tumours did not show any increasing trend relative to pleomorphic adenomas. The racial distribution of Warthin's tumours showed an increased incidence among Chinese and a reduced incidence among Malays and Indians. The adjusted odds ratio for sex and age favouring an association between smoking and Warthin's tumour was 39.5 (95 per cent confidence interval 10.5-149. 0; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of Warthin's tumour is considerable among Asians although there is still male predominance. There is no rising incidence of Warthin's tumour; the trend parallels the declining smoking rate in the population. The lower incidence among ethnic groups with dark skin seems to suggest concomitant genetic factors other than environmental factors alone in histogenesis. Smokers have a 40-fold greater risk than non-smokers of developing a Warthin's tumour.     

脊柱外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤影像学表现(7例报告)

目的观察脊柱外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤(pPNET)的影像学表现。方法回顾性分析7例经病理证实的脊柱pPNET患者的影像学资料。结果 7例脊柱pPNET病例中,男性4例,女性3例。病变位于颈段(C2~7)1例,颈胸段(C7~T2)1例,胸段(T10~12)1例,腰段(L3~4、L4~5)2例,腰骶段(L1~S2)1例,骶段(S1~4)1例;其中,髓外硬膜内1例,硬膜外6例。MR(n=7)和CT(n=4)检查表现为硬膜内或硬膜外肿块,信号/密度不均,T1WI为等或稍低信号,T2WI为稍高信号,CT为等密度,增强扫描呈不同程度不均匀强化。肿瘤位于髓外硬膜内者可伴有多发蛛网膜下腔转移,硬膜外pPNET肿瘤的主体部分多位于椎骨或椎旁组织,肿块椎管内部分累及多个椎体平面,并通过椎间孔、骶孔与椎旁部分沟通。结论脊柱pPNET可表现为髓外硬膜内或硬膜外肿瘤,确诊依赖病理及免疫组化检查。     

Acetabular retroversion in post slipped capital femoral epiphysis deformity

Purpose

While the femoral deformity in post slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) hips has been implicated in the development of femoral acetabular impingement, little has been studied about the acetabular side. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of morphologic changes suggestive of acetabular retroversion in patients who have sustained a SCFE.

Methods

IRB approval was obtained and the records of patients from 1975 to 2010 were searched for ICD-9 codes for SCFE. A total of 188 patients were identified for the study. Two observers evaluated AP radiographs for evidence of acetabular retroversion as characterized by the presence of either an ischial spine sign or a crossover sign. Demographic data, date of onset, and treatment were recorded. For analysis, the right hip was used in patients with bilateral involvement.

Results

Of the 188 patients identified, 5 patients had an incorrect diagnosis and 41 patients had missing or inadequate films, leaving 142 patients (284 hips) for review. 57 patients (114 hips) had bilateral SCFE and 85 patients had unilateral SCFE. 79 % (n = 45) of the right hips with bilateral SCFE and 82 % (n = 70) of the unilateral involved hips had at least one sign of retroversion. Uninvolved hips had at least one sign of retroversion 76 % (n = 65) of the time.

Conclusions

When compared to previously published values for normal patients, patients with SCFE appear to have an increased incidence of acetabular retroversion.     

Parotid lymphomas--clinical and computed tomographic imaging features

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical presentation and computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of all parotid lymphomas diagnosed at the study institution over a 7-year period. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of parotid lymphomas diagnosed between 1997 and 2004. SUBJECTS: A total of 121 patients with parotid lesions were identified. After retrospective chart review, a total of 10 patients with histologically proven parotid lymphoma were included in the study, 8 of whom had CT scans available for assessment. RESULTS: Ten patients with histologically proven lymphoma of the parotid gland were identified from among 121 patients with parotid neoplasms, an incidence in this series of 8.3%. All lymphomas were of non-Hodgkin's type. All patients presented with a painless unilateral parotid swelling. Most patients had a short history of less than 4 months' duration, of whom 3 presented with a rapidly evolving swelling of less then 1 month's duration. No patient had a background of Sj?gren's disease or any other autoimmune disorders. The commonest finding noted on CT was of a unilateral, single mass of relative soft-tissue homogeneity with poorly defined, indistinct tumour margins. Associated loco-regional lymphadenopathy was identified in 2 cases, 1 clinically and another radiologically; multiple ipsilateral lesions were noted in 2 cases. No cases of contralateral disease were observed. CONCLUSION: Lymphoma has a clinical presentation similar to other neoplasms arising within the parotid gland. A unilateral, non-tender swelling was a universal finding. A history of less than 4 months may suggest the possibility of lymphoma. CT scanning is a useful adjunctive investigation to determine the site and extent of the disease, loco-regional nodal status and contralateral gland and neck status. Multifocality and associated adenopathy are associated with, but not exclusive to, parotid lymphoma. Although poor tumour boundary definition on CT imaging is a strong predictor of malignancy, no pathognomonic finding specific for lymphoma has been identified. The potential diagnosis of parotid lymphoma should be considered in all patients who present with a parotid mass.     

An analysis of fusion cage migration in unilateral and bilateral fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Purpose

To investigate if instrumentation (unilateral vs. bilateral fixation) has an effect on the rate of fusion cage migration.

Methods

This clinical study of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion involved a prospective group of 116 patients who were randomly assigned to either unilateral (n = 57) or bilateral (n = 59) fixation. Fourteen were lost to follow-up (11 from the unilateral group and 3 from the bilateral group).

Results

The unilateral fixation group consisted of 20 male and 26 female patients. In the unilateral group, the mean age was 53.5 years (range, 18–77), and the preoperative diagnosis consisted of degenerative disc disease, with or without herniated disc (n = 44), and degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis (n = 2). The bilateral fixation group consisted of 20 male and 36 female patients. In the bilateral group, the mean age was 55.7 years (range, 26–82), and the preoperative diagnosis consisted of degenerative disc disease, with or without herniated disc (n = 40), and degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis (n = 16). A total of 17 cases of cage migration were found; of these, 11 were from the unilateral group and 6 from the bilateral group, resulting in rates of cage migration of 23 and 11 % (p = 0.03), respectively. In regard to migration cases, 5 were male and 12 were female. Ages ranged from 27 to 79 years (mean age, 55 years).

Conclusion

We conclude that unilateral fixation is not stable enough to prevent fusion cage migration in some patients who undergo TLIF.