乳腺三阴性非特殊型浸润性癌自动乳腺全容积成像特点

目的 观察乳腺三阴性非特殊型浸润性癌（IC-NST）自动乳腺全容积成像（ABVS）超声特点。方法 回顾性收集经术后病理证实的156例单发IC-NST患者，根据免疫组织化学结果将其分为三阴性（三阴性组）和非三阴性（非三阴性组），对比组间一般资料及ABVS表现。结果 156例中，病变位于左乳76例、右乳80例，三阴性30例（30/156，19.23%）、非三阴性126例（126/156，80.77%）。组间患者年龄、肿瘤体积、淋巴结转移差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；病理组织学分级差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），病灶ABVS冠状面"汇聚征"及后方回声衰减差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05），而微钙化、边缘、形态、方位及Adler血流分级差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 乳腺三阴性IC-NST的ABVS表现有一定特征性，其中乳腺冠状面"汇聚征"及后方回声衰减相比非三阴性IC-NST较为少见。     

自动乳腺全容积成像结合超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统分类诊断常规超声征象不典型的乳腺癌

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)联合乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类对常规超声恶性征象不典型(BI-RADS分类3类及4A类)乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法对常规超声BI-RADS分类3类及4A类的832例患者共876个乳腺肿块行ABVS。结合ABVS冠状位图像特点对乳腺肿块重新进行BI-RADS分类。与术后病理结果对照,比较常规超声BI-RADS分类与ABVS结合BI-RADS分类为3类、4A类肿块中恶性率的差异;并以BI-RADS分类≥4B类为恶性肿块诊断标准,评价ABVS结合BI-RADS分类诊断乳腺恶性肿块的效能。结果常规超声BI-RADS分类为3类肿块558个,恶性率4.30%(24/558),4A类肿块318个,恶性率11.01%(35/318)。结合ABVS冠状位图像特点重新分类后,3类肿块455个,恶性率0.66%(3/455);4A类肿块176个,恶性率4.55%(8/176);4B类肿块218个,恶性率14.22%(31/218);4C类肿块27个,恶性率62.96%(17/27)。ABVS结合BI-RADS分类为3类、4A类肿块的恶性率明显低于常规超声分类为3类、4A类肿块(χ~2=11.447、5.951,P=0.001、0.015)。ABVS结合BI-RADS分类对恶性肿块的诊断敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为81.36%(48/59)、75.89%(620/817)及76.26%(668/876)。结论 ABVS结合BI-RADS分类对常规超声恶性征象不典型的乳腺癌具有重要诊断价值。     

MicroPure成像技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤

目的评价MicroPure成像技术检测乳腺肿瘤微钙化及鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法对经钼靶x线检查证实存在微钙化灶的110例乳腺肿瘤患者（125个肿瘤）进行常规高频超声及配有MicroPure成像技术的超声检查,记录微钙化灶检出率,对乳腺肿瘤进行BI-RADS分级。以术后病理结果为金标准,比较常规高频超声及MicroPure成像技术诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的准确率;绘制ROC曲线,比较两种方法诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的能力。结果MicroPure成像技术对于微钙化的检出率（125／125,100％）高于常规高频超声（97／125,77．60％,χ2=29．32,P〈0．05）。对低回声病灶的微钙化,MicroPure成像技术的检出率（69／69,100％）与常规高频超声（67／69,97．10％）差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．507,P〉0．05）;而对非低回声病灶的微钙化,MicroPure成像技术的检出率（56／56,100％）明显高于常规高频超声（30／56,53．57％,χ2=31．31,P〈0．05）。MicroPure成像技术诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的特异度、敏感度及准确率分别为86．21％（50／58）、95．52％（64／67）、91．20％（114／125）,常规高频超声则分别为86．21％（50／58）、74．63％（50／67）和80．00％（100／125）,二者诊断敏感度和准确率差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。MicroPure成像技术诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤ROC曲线下面积（0．944）大于常规高频超声（0．859）。结论MicroPure成像技术可提高乳腺病灶微钙化的检出率,进而提高诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的敏感度和准确率。     

超声自动乳腺全容积成像测量技术在乳房重建中的应用

目的:探讨应用超声自动乳腺全容积成像(Automated Breast Volume Scanning,ABVS)测量技术测量全乳及乳房假体体积的方法,及其在乳房整形中的应用前景。方法:将入选的30例病案随机分为AB两组。A组依据传统经验与简易测量手段进行乳房重建术前的设计工作;B组根据ABVS得到DICOM5.0的原始数据,导入mimics 10.01以及Magic RP软件进行两侧乳房体积差和假体体积的选择。手术后,定期进行回访与术后满意度及乳房相关径线的测量。最终将AB两组的术后效果进行统计学分析,得出结论。结果:B组在乳房对称性方面患者的满意率要高于A组,其余的并无统计学差异。结论:本方法可以准确测量双侧乳房体积差,提供较为准确的乳房整形术前信息,在测量乳房和乳房假体体积方面具有实际的应用价值。     

自动全容积成像在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用：附173例报告

目的:研究自动乳腺全容积成像技术(ABVS)在乳腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法:选择2013年1月—2015年9月间的173例乳腺病变患者作为研究对象,分别采用弹性成像和ABVS方法进行诊断,并与病理结果对比,比较恶性病变和良性病变的ABVS征象及诊断准确率。结果:在病理检出的199个病灶中,良性病灶为77个(38.69%),恶性病灶为122个(61.31%);ABVS检查结果冠状面太阳征以及细小钙化征象在恶性病变中的检出率显著的高于良性病变,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ABVS诊断的准确率以及对恶性肿瘤诊断的敏感度明显的高于弹性成像诊断,两者亦有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:ABVS诊断提高了乳腺癌诊断的准确率以及敏感度,为乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别提供了新的角度。     

自动乳腺全容积扫查系统的临床应用

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积扫查（ABVS）系统检查乳腺病变的临床意义。方法应用AcusonS2000ABVS系统对81例患者双侧乳房进行扫查,包括正中位、内侧位和外侧位,获得横切面基本图像数据,系统自动进行三维重建,同步获得整个乳腺包括矢状面和冠状面的图像。由2位不同年资医师分别独立阅片。患者同时接受常规超声检查,比较两种检查的诊断结果。结果低年资和高年资医师采用ABVS系统发现的病灶数分别为89个、99个,采用常规超声发现的病灶数分别为60个、85个。采用ABVS系统时,不同年资医师的检查结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 AB-VS系统可明显减少操作者经验对检查结果的影响,提高乳腺病变的检出率。     

乳腺触觉成像诊断乳腺疾病临床价值研究

目的 探讨乳腺触觉成像（palpation imaging,PI）对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 对2010年10月至2011年3月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院乳腺外科就诊的151例病人共计213个病灶,行PI、B超、钼靶及磁共振成像（MRI）检查,各检查方法独立进行。以病理诊断为金标准,通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评估PI对乳房病灶的诊断价值,并比较不同方法诊断结果的差异。结果 PI对病灶的良恶性具有较好的诊断价值（AUC=0.832,95%CI：0.766～0.898,P<0.001）,敏感度为87.0%,显著高于钼靶（63.5%,P=0.005）,与B超（87.0%）及MRI（94.0%）相比差异无统计学意义。PI的特异度及准确率为69.8%与74.2%,与钼靶相比差异无统计学意义（80.5%,P=0.041,未达到调整后检验水准α’ =0.0083;75.4%,P=0.778）,但显著低于B超（86.2%,P<0.001;86.4%,P=0.002）及MRI（85.7%,P=0.005;88.7%,P<0.001）。结论 PI对于乳房疾病具有良好的诊断价值,有望成为乳腺疾病现有辅助检查外的又一种重要检查方法。     

乳腺血氧功能成像系统在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用

目的探讨乳腺血氧功能成像系统(血氧三算子)在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法 2010年3月～9月对120例乳腺疾病进行血氧三算子、超声和乳腺钼靶检查(患者≤35岁不接受钼靶检查),3项检查至少有一项提示有手术指征,通过与术后病理对比,比较3种影像学诊断的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果血氧三算子与超声、乳腺钼靶的准确率分别为93.3%(112/120)、87.5%(105/120)、82.4%(70/85);敏感性分别为93.5%(29/31)、74.2%(23/31)、61.5%(16/26);特异性分别为93.2%(83/89)、92.1%(82/89)、91.5%(54/59);阳性预测值分别为82.9%(29/35)、76.7%(23/30)、76.2%(16/21);阴性预测值为97.6%(83/85)、91.1%(82/90)、84.4%(54/64)。血氧三算子对乳腺病灶诊断的准确性、敏感性、阴性预测值优于乳腺钼靶(Z=2.212,P=0.027;Z=2.623,P=0.009;Z=2.735,P=0.006),但二者特异性和阳性预测值无统计学差异(Z=0.066,P=0.948;Z=0.395,P=0.693)。结论血氧三算子对乳腺病灶诊断具有较高的准确性、敏感性、阴性预测值,对乳腺癌的诊断有较大应用价值。     

青少年乳腺恶性肿瘤

目的为探讨３５岁以下青少年乳腺恶性肿瘤的生物学特征以及诊断、处理和预后的特殊性。方法对１９９１～１９９５年收治的３５岁以下的４１例青少年乳腺恶性肿瘤的临床资料进行分析。结果浸润性导管癌发生率明显为高,５年存活率较文献报道的综合年龄组低。结论青少年乳腺恶性肿瘤的预后与病期有关。     

磁共振成像对乳腺钙化灶的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)对超声检查阴性乳腺钙化灶的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年3月209例因乳腺X线检查发现226个BI-RADS 4-5级钙化灶(超声检查阴性)而接受活检病人的MRI检查表现,并与病理结果对比分析。226个钙化灶中,42个为恶性,184个为良性。结果:对于超声检查阴性钙化灶恶性的判断,乳腺X线检查和MRI的灵敏度分别为69.0%和85.7%(P=0.068),特异度分别为64.7%和88.0%(P     

The inverse relationship between microvessel counts and tumor volume in breast cancer

Abstract: Angiogenesis has emerged as an indicator of metastatic potential in invasive breast cancer. Exponential tumor growth and the appearance of metastasis are observed as new microvessels form. We postulated that the relevance of angiogenesis would be enhanced if analyzed as a function of tumor volume rather than greatest diameter alone and that microvessel counts would proportionately increase as does volume. Since tumors are three-dimensional solids, volume was calculated using the formula for an ellipsoid, V = π/6 ( a × b × c ). Sixty-four tumors 2.5 cm were studied and analyzed in 5 mm incremental ranges. Mean microvessel counts did not vary significantly among these tumor size groups. However, analysis of microvessel counts as a function of tumor volume decreased from 947.1/cm³ (0–0.5 cm) to 18.1/cm³ (2.1–2.5 cm), a greater than 50-fold difference. High microvessel density in small cancers supports the notion of metastasis as an early event, making these small tumors perhaps ideal targets for antiangiogenic agents.     

Reliability of plastic cups to measure breast volume

Abstract

Breast volume measurement is valuable in clinical practice, and various methods have been used. Nonetheless, no commonly accepted standard technique exists for clinical everyday use and there is no optimal method that is quick, cheap, minimally invasive, and acceptable for the patient and for the surgeon. Previously, a study has shown that the volume measured with plastic cups differed little from that measured from mastectomy specimens. The aim of the present study was to test the reliability of breast volume measurements with plastic cups as a tool to measure breast volume in everyday clinical practice. The plastic cups were designed by the senior author (AR) and comprise 14 cups from 125 millilitres (ml) to 2000 ml. Six raters measured 12 breasts on the same day. The results show that there is a certain variation between different raters, and that a certain rater seems to consistently measure slightly lower or higher volumes than the other raters. The Intra Class Correlation (ICC) coefficient of average measures between raters is 0.89, that is, the agreement between different raters is high. According to the Bland-Altman plot, the overall assessment of the comparisons of measurements between the different raters shows that the direction of the mean differences is close to zero. The limits of agreements of the differences were within ±56 ml. The coefficient of variation (CV) between different raters was 14%. Breast volume measurement with plastic cups is an easily usable quick and cheap way to measure breast volume in everyday clinical practice. The measurements have an acceptable reliability.     

难以扪及肿块的早期乳腺癌98例临床分析

目的：探讨难以扪及的早期乳腺癌的诊断与治疗。方法：对1992年2月～2005年10月收治的乳腺癌病例中，计有T0期98例，根据易感因素，结合彩超、钼靶、乳管造影、局部切除活检等法，进行诊断和治疗分析。结果：全组接受手术治疗并经病理组织学确定为Tis-TlbN0M0。的乳腺癌，多数为非浸润性或早期浸润性癌（84．6％）。全组的疗效佳，预后好。结论：重视T0期乳腺癌的临床某些细微变化及高危因素，不轻易放过常规检查中的每一可疑征象．是提高早期乳腺癌发现率的有效措施。     

Primary nonphylloides breast sarcomas

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of primary breast sarcoma is low, occurring in fewer than 1% of women with breast malignancies. The purpose of this study was to examine the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of patients presenting with these neoplasms. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of patients with a primary breast sarcoma treated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, between 1975 and 2001. Follow-up information was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 55 patients, 17 had breast-conserving therapy and 38 women had mastectomy. The mean patient age at presentation was 52 years (range 22 to 82). The types of sarcoma included angiosarcoma (18), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (11), stromal sarcoma (8), liposarcoma (4), leiomyosarcoma (4), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (4), osteosarcoma (3), fibrosarcoma (2), and rhabdomyosarcoma (1). Follow-up information was available for 53 patients, with a mean follow-up of 81 months. Twenty-nine of 53 patients (55%) developed recurrent sarcoma, and 23 patients (43%) died of their disease. Twenty-seven patients had no evidence of recurrence, and 3 patients were alive with disease at last follow-up. Overall median survival of patients with breast sarcoma was 58 months. Patients with angiosarcoma had a poorer outcome than other sarcoma patients. Twelve of 18 patients (67%) died of angiosarcoma, compared with 11 of 32 patients (34%) of all other sarcoma patients combined. Of 34 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, 13 died of their disease (38%), as compared with 10 of 16 patients (63%) who did receive adjuvant therapy.CONCLUSIONS: While primary nonphylloides breast sarcomas are rare tumors, their treatment and prognosis are poor. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation did not improve survival in this report. Surgical extirpation remains the only effective treatment.     

Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse after breast conserving surgery in women with breast cancer

Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) is a potentially a significant problem after breast conserving surgery (BCS). With a median follow-up period of 64.7 months, IBTR occurred as a first relapse in 67 (3.0%) of a total of 2243 patients and distant recurrence occurred in 167 (7.4%). A positive surgical margin and the omission of radiotherapy (RT) were independently associated with IBTR. The five-year cumulative IBTR rates were 5.1% in patients with positive margins and 2.0% in the patients with negative margins. The five-year cumulative IBTR rates were 1.8% in patients with RT and 8.1% in patients without RT. IBTR was independently associated with distant-recurrence-free survival rates as well as age, nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion and progesterone receptor status. The five-year distant-recurrence-free survival rates were 81.9% in patients with IBTR and 93.2% in patients without IBTR. In order to prevent IBTR, a negative margin and the administration of RT are therefore considered to be important in patients who undergo BCS.     

Logistic回归模型评价自动乳腺全容积扫描联合常规超声诊断乳腺影像报告及数据系统3~5类结节

目的探讨多因素Logistic回归分析评价自动乳腺全容积扫描(ABVS)联合常规超声鉴别诊断乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)3～5类结节良恶性的价值。方法 216例患者(247个BI-RADS 3～5类乳腺结节)接受常规超声及ABVS检查。以穿刺活检或术后病理为金标准,建立多因素Logistic回归模型,筛选出诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的主要超声特征,并评价其鉴别诊断乳腺BI-RADS 3～5类结节的价值。绘制ROC曲线,评价Logistic回归模型的诊断效能。结果多因素Logistic回归筛选出4个诊断BI-RADS 3～5类结节良恶性的独立危险因素,为"皱缩征"[X_1,优势比(OR)=12.03,P0.01)、"微分叶征"(X_2,OR=6.00,P0.01)、结节边界(X_6,OR=11.48,P=0.01)和纵横比(X_8,OR=4.09,P=0.01),其中"皱缩征"的OR最大。回归方程为Logit(P)=-4.43+2.49 X_1+1.79 X_2+2.44 X_6+1.41 X_8(χ~2=196.32,P0.01)。Logistic回归模型预测乳腺恶性结节的ROC曲线下面积为0.95(P0.01)。结论 Logistic回归模型鉴别诊断BI-RADS 3～5类良恶性结节有较高价值。