外固定支架治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用外固定支架治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法 2003年1月~2009年3月,应用外固定支架治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者10例,其中肥大型4例,萎缩型2例,假关节型4例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为11个月（6~25个月）。手术采用开放清理骨不连断段,自体髂骨植骨,外固定支架固定。结果所有患者获得平均12个月（8~16个月）随访,均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为7个月（4~11个月）。9例上肢功能及肩关节恢复良好,1例肩肘关节功能稍差,但不影响日常工作,所有患者都没有遗留神经损害症状。结论外固定支架结合自体髂骨植骨是治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法 。     

半环形外固定支架治疗感染性骨不连的可行性研究

目的:探讨半环形外固定支架治疗感染性骨不连的临床疗效及可行性.方法:2002年1月至2009年12月共收治感染性骨不连病例26例,所有病例均采用半环形外固定行骨不连端加压固定.结果:所有病例均获得随访,术后随访3～42月,平均21.3个月.26例感染性骨不连患者全部获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.3个月.25例患者骨端感染均得到一期控制,1例患者术后感染复发,骨折仍不愈合,再次手术后感染得到控制,6个月后骨折愈合.结论:半环形外固定支架治疗感染性骨不连的临床疗效良好,能够有效控制骨端感染治愈骨不连,是治疗感染性骨不连安全可行的方法.     

非扩髓加压髓内钉治疗肱骨骨不连

目的评价应用非扩髓加压髓内钉治疗肱骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法应用自行设计的肱骨非扩髓加压髓内钉治疗肱骨骨不连11例。通过拧入近端加压螺钉使骨折端加压,促进骨折愈合。结果肩、肘关节功能评价：优6例,良5例,经术后6～15个月随访,11例均骨性愈合,平均骨性愈合时间为4.5个月。结论非扩髓加压髓内钉结构合理,操作方便,用于肱骨骨折固定可靠,骨折端加压作用强,有利于骨折愈合。     

外固定支架在开放性胫腓骨骨折的应用

目的 探讨外固定支架在严重胫腓骨开放性骨折治疗的应用.方法 对于严重胫腓骨开放性骨折患者使用外固定支架进行治疗,自2012年10月-2016年10月该院对于开放性胫腓骨骨折使用外固定支架治疗52例中使用单边外固定架治疗43例,双边外固定支架6例,环形外固定架治疗3例,全部患者均急诊手术.结果 50例患者骨折正常愈合,愈合平均6.9个月;2例骨折不愈合患者予去除外固定架后1个月行内固定并植骨术,术后平均9个月骨折愈合;0例截肢.所有患者获得两年的完整随访,膝关节功能优良率为92.1%;踝关节功能优良率为76.3%.结论对于严重的胫腓骨开放性骨折,应用外固定架治疗,早期能为骨断端提供良好的固定,可获得较满意的治疗效果.     

阻挡钉结合植骨治疗胫骨骨折髓内钉术后骨不连

目的探讨阻挡钉结合植骨技术治疗胫骨骨折髓内钉术后骨不连的疗效。方法对18例胫骨骨折髓内钉治疗术后并发骨不连的患者（其中男11例,女7例）,采用阻挡钉技术稳定骨断端以及植骨的方法,观察其疗效。结果术后随访13~19个月（平均15.8个月）,所有患者均获得骨性愈合,愈合率100%,愈合时间7.7~13.8个月（平均9.8个月）。结论阻挡钉结合植骨技术是一种治疗胫骨骨折髓内钉术后骨不连的有效方法。     

外固定架终极治疗成年人胫骨干闭合性骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨外固定架终极治疗成年人胫骨干闭合性骨折的临床疗效。方法 2012年6月—2017年6月应用外固定架终极治疗成年人胫骨干闭合性骨折患者47例,术前根据骨折类型设计外固定架构型,术中X线透视机确认闭合复位骨折满意后安装外固定架,术后加强钉道护理预防感染,定期随访,根据X线片所示骨愈合矿化情况逐步拆除固定组件。结果 47例患者随访12～36个月,平均为(19.96±1.42)个月。其中45例患者骨折愈合良好,2例发生骨不连,骨愈合率为95.74%,骨折愈合所需时间4～14月,平均为(5.63±0.78)个月。其中1例患者发生骨不连采取二次手术更换钢板并取自体髂骨植骨后愈合,另1例患者发生萎缩性骨不连通过使用环形外固定架骨搬运技术治愈。3例患者发生轻度的钉道感染,经清创换药外用抗菌药物治愈。所有骨折患者均未采用跨关节固定构型,膝踝关节活动功能无明显影响。结论 外固定架终极治疗成年人胫骨干闭合性骨折临床疗效满意,合适的外固定构型可为骨折愈合提供稳定可靠的固定强度,并且可以根据骨愈合情况调整固定强度改善应力遮挡,避免二次手术治疗,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

加压外固定治疗骨不连24例分析

采用单侧多功能外固定器加压固定治疗创伤性骨折内固定失败骨不连患者２４例，骨不连时间７～２４个月（平均１５．５个月），全部病例取出内固定物骨折复位后，用单侧多功能外固定器加压固定。经２．５～４个月治疗均获骨性愈合，关节功能改善。实践证明该固定器对骨不连的治疗有较广泛的适应症及良好疗效。     

应用单侧双臂外固定支架同期行延长与加压治疗胫骨骨不连伴骨缺损

目的 探讨胫骨骨不连伴骨缺损的有效治疗方法.方法 对24例胫骨骨不连伴骨缺损患者采用单侧双臂外固定架加压固定骨断端,同期行截骨延长术,在骨断端加压固定的同时重建肢体长度.结果 24例胫骨骨不连伴骨缺损患者最终均达到骨性愈合.骨缺损长度延长3~5 cm,平均3.8 cm;骨愈合时间6~14个月,平均8.5个月.结论 应用单侧双臂外固定支架同期行延长与加压治疗胫骨感染性骨不连伴骨缺损 ,能有效促进感染与骨缺损的愈合,同期行小切口截骨延长不仅有效重建了肢体长度,达到肢体长度的均衡,并且避免了二次手术,大大地降低了治疗费用.     

外固定架联合自体骨髓移植治疗23例四肢长骨骨不连临床研究

目的探讨外固定架联合自体骨髓移植治疗四肢长骨骨不连的疗效。方法 23例四肢骨不连的部位为胫骨11例、股骨8例、肱骨4例,采用单侧外固定支架固定骨折部位,3周后行自体骨髓移植治疗,定期随访患者,观察记录患者骨折部位愈合情况及并发症。结果所有患者均完成随访,均达骨性愈合,功能恢复良好,愈合时间为3～8个月,平均愈合时间为5个月,其中有2例患者发生针道感染,经局部消毒处理,定期换药后痊愈;有1例患者出现固定针松动,经消毒处理后,再次拧紧;无一例患者出现骨折移位、畸形等,无固定架断裂,骨筋膜室综合症,无关节功能障碍。结论外固定架联合自体骨髓移植治疗四肢长骨骨不连具有加速骨折愈合的作用,缩短骨愈合的时间,疗效满意。     

骨搬移技术治疗下肢感染性骨缺损

目的探讨应用骨搬移技术治疗严重下肢感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法按照牵拉组织再生原理,对26例四肢高能量损伤后下肢感染性骨不连患者采取病灶彻底切除+干骺端截骨搬移术。术后7 d以0.25 mm/6 h速度延长,固定延长至骨缺损端会合,于骨缺损处两断端加压并继续维持外同定支架至骨愈合。结果 26例全部获随访,平均随访56(20~92)个月。骨延长2~14 cm,平均5.5 cm,骨性感染全部治愈。带支架时间6~24个月,平均13个月。23例骨缺损处及延长部位骨生长良好,达到了骨性愈合;3例断端骨接触后6个月无明显骨愈合,其中2例行自体髂骨植骨,1例拆除支架后行自体髂骨植骨内固定,4~6个月达到骨性愈合。截骨延长部位及骨缺损对合处对位对线良好。结论骨搬移技术治疗下肢感染性骨不连,术后感染控制良好,骨愈合率高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.