Lycopene inhibits TNF-alpha-induced endothelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial adhesion

Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8, which can enhance binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to endothelium and upregulate expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelium during atherogenesis. Lycopene, a natural carotenoid from tomato and other sources, has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. However, its anti-inflammatory action mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the effect of lycopene on TNF-alpha-induced signaling in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in HUVECs was inhibited by lycopene, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) expression were not affected. A further analysis indicated that lycopene attenuated TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB phosphorylation, NF-kappaB expression, and NF-kappaB p65 translocation from cytosol to nucleus. In line with this, TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB-DNA but not AP1-DNA complexes formation was inhibited by lycopene, as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). On the other hand, lycopene did not affect TNF-alpha-induced p38 and extracellular matrix-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced signaling, suggesting that lycopene primarily affects TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway. In a functional study, lycopene dose-dependently attenuated monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayer but not that adhesion to extracellular matrix. Taken together, we provided here the first evidence showing that lycopene is able to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte-endothelial interaction, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of lycopene and possibly explaining in part why lycopene can prevent cardiovascular diseases.     

阿魏酸对活化内皮细胞粘附分子表达的抑制作用

目的　观察阿魏酸对活化的人脐静脉内皮细胞表达粘附分子的影响 ,以探讨其抗动脉粥样硬化的部分分子机制。方法　用脂多糖 10mg·L- 1刺激培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞 4h诱导其表达E 选择素、刺激 18h诱导其表达血管细胞粘附分子 1;用过氧化氢 3 0 0 μmol·L- 1刺激 2h诱导其表达P 选择素 ,部分细胞在刺激前 3 0min用阿魏酸 0 2 1、0 41或 0 62mmol·L- 1预处理 ,用流式细胞术检测内皮细胞粘附分子表达水平。结果　阿魏酸抑制内皮细胞E 选择素及P 选择素表达 ,轻度抑制血管细胞粘附分子 1表达 ,同时抑制内皮细胞vWF的释放。结论　阿魏酸可通过抑制内皮细胞粘附分子表达而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用     

C -reactive protein induced expression of adhesion molecules in cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

AIM lsehemic stroke can trigger an acute phase response resulting in a rise of plasma concentration of C - reactive protein （CRP）. Clinical data about the relationship between CRP and prognosis suggest that CRP might be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. To determine the possible role of CRP in ischemic stroke, we performed a dose - dependent experiment in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells （bEnd. 3 cells） with emphasis on its relation to cell adhesions molecules.     

3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid inhibits adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocyte to TNF-α-induced endothelial cells in vitro

AIM：To examine the effect of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (ISA) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and explore its mechanism. METHODS:Adhesion of PMN to HUVEC was measured by rose bengal staining assay. Cell-EL1SA and RT-PCR methods were used to examine the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1. Cell viability was detected with MTT assay.RESULTS: ISA (1-100μmol/L) effectively reduced PMN adhesion to TNF-α-induced HUVEC with the inhibitory rate from 17.2% to 53.5%, and exerted no effect on PMN adhesion to normal HUVEC. Adhesion molecule ICAM-1 surface protein and mRNA expression induced by TNF-α (400kU/L) were significantly inhibited by ISA. In addition, the cell viability of HUVEC was unchanged 48h after treatment with ISA. CONCLUSION: ISA inhibited TNF-α-stimulated PMN-HUVEC adhesion and expression of ICAM-1.     

Alumina nanoparticles induce expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry that has elicited much concern because of the lack of available toxicity data. Exposure to ultrafine particles may be a risk for the development of vascular diseases due to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. Increased endothelial adhesiveness is a critical first step in the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The hypothesis that alumina nanoparticles increase inflammatory markers of the endothelium, measured by the induction of adhesion molecules as well as the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer, was tested. Following characterization of alumina nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and particle size distribution analysis, endothelial cells were exposed to alumina at various concentrations and times. Both porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed increased mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and ELAM-1. Furthermore, human endothelial cells treated with alumina particles showed increased adhesion of activated monocytes. The alumina particles tended to agglomerate at physiological pH in serum-containing media, which led to a range of particle sizes from nano to micron size during treatment conditions. These data show that alumina nanoparticles can elicit a proinflammatory response and thus present a cardiovascular disease risk.     

粘附分子在中性粒细胞-脐静脉内皮细胞粘附中作用机制的研究

目的:探讨PMN及血管内皮表面粘附分子在中性粒细胞脐静脉内皮细胞(PMNEC)粘附中的作用。方法:实验分5组:正常对照组;LPS处理组(将PMN及HUVEC用100μg·L-1LPS处理不同时间);LPS CD11b单抗处理组;LPS ICAM1单抗处理组;LPS CD11b ICAM1单抗处理组。用99mTcHMPAO标记PMNs,加入到HUVECs作用一段时间,PMNEC粘附率=溶解液放射值加入液放射值×100。结果:与对照组相比,经LPS刺激后15minPMNEC粘附性明显上升(37.45%±3.92%vs11.03%±4.15%,P<0.05),于4h处达到峰值(73.50%±6.39%)。CD11b单抗和ICAM1单抗可明显抑制这种粘附(P<0.05)。合用两种单抗有叠加效应。结论:在PMN与内皮细胞粘附的过程中,粘附分子CD11b与ICAM1起着举足轻重的作用,用单抗封闭粘附分子的作用可明显削弱细胞间的粘附。     

PM2.5 and PM10 induce the expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytic cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Exposure to airborne particles has been associated with an increase in cardiopulmonary events. Endothelial cells could be playing an important role in the response to airborne particles due their involvement in proinflammatory events, and there is some evidence of particle translocation from lung into circulation. One of the initiating events of inflammation is endothelial activation. We determined the concentration-response effect of a particulate matter with different aerodynamic sizes (PM2.5 [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm and less] and PM10 [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm and less]) obtained from Mexico City on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The adhesion of monocytic U937 cells to HUVEC and the expression of early (E- and P-selectins) and late (ICAM-1, PECAM-1, VCAM-1) adhesion molecules were tested. Adhesion of U937 cells to HUVEC was evaluated by coculture experiments using [3H]thymidine-labeled U937 cells and the expression of adhesion molecules was evaluated by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was used as a positive control of endothelial activation. Our results showed that both PM2.5 and PM10 induced the adhesion of U937 cells to HUVEC, and their maximal effect was observed at 20 microg/cm2. This adhesion was associated with an increase in the expression of all adhesion molecules evaluated for PM10, and E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 for PM2.5. In general, maximum expression of adhesion molecules induced by PM2.5 and PM10 was obtained with 20 microg/cm2; however, PM10-induced expression was observed from 5 microg/cm2. E-selectin and ICAM-1 had the strongest expression in response to particles. In conclusion, PM2.5 and PM10 induce the activation of HUVEC, leading to monocytic adhesion via the expression of adhesion molecules, suggesting that these particles may participate in the development of inflammatory diseases. The role of these events in the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis is likely to be evaluated.     

Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), one of the most effective ginseng saponins, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. This study examined the effects of Rg3 on cytokine-induced expression of adhesion molecules, which is a key early event in atherogenesis. Rg3 treatment inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced protein and mRNA expression of two cell adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in ECV 304 human endothelial cells. In addition, expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), was suppressed by Rg3. Reporter gene analyses revealed that minimal reporter activities of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were blocked by Rg3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that Rg3 may have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities in the vasculature, which is mediated partly by down-regulation of the expression of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells.     

s-油酰丙醇胺对人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的探讨s-油酰丙醇胺对用肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子(VCAM-1,I-CAM-1,E选择素)表达的影响。方法从新鲜的脐带中分离出人脐静脉内皮细胞,培养至3~9代,用不同浓度的s-油酰丙醇胺(10,50,100μmol/L)孵育12 h后,用TNF-α(20 ng/mL)孵育8 h,采用荧光实时定量PCR和细胞酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测VCAM-1,ICAM-1,E选择素的mRNA及蛋白的表达,同时采用细胞黏附实验检测其对细胞黏附的影响。结果相对于正常的人脐静脉内皮细胞,TNF-α诱导后的人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子(VCAM-1,ICAM-1,E-选择素)的表达明显增加。s-油酰丙醇胺可以显著的抑制VCAM-1的表达,并呈现出一定的剂量依赖性,而且对人急性单核细胞性白血病细胞(THP-1)的黏附也有明显的抑制作用,但对ICAM-1,E-选择素的表达却没有影响。结论s-油酰丙醇胺和大多数的PPARα激动剂一样,能够抑制慢性炎症,减少单核细胞的黏附,抑制VCAM-1的表达,而对急性炎症没有作用,如对E-选择素的表达无影响。     

The coffee diterpene kahweol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells

Endothelial cells produce adhesion molecules after being stimulated with various inflammatory cytokines. These adhesion molecules play an important role in the development of atherogenesis. Recent studies have highlighted the chemoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of kahweol, a coffee-specific diterpene. This study examined the effects of kahweol on the cytokine-induced monocyte/human endothelial cell interaction, which is a crucial early event in atherogenesis. Kahweol inhibited the adhesion of TNFalpha-induced monocytes to endothelial cells and suppressed the TNFalpha-induced protein and mRNA expression of the cell adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Furthermore, kahweol inhibited the TNFalpha-induced JAK2-PI3K/Akt-NF-kappaB activation pathway in these cells. Overall, kahweol has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities, which occurs partly by down-regulating the pathway that affects the expression and interaction of the cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.     

Expression of adhesion molecules by sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine in endothelial cells

We investigated the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, and their signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate increased the mRNA and protein level of VCAM-1, and the mRNAs of E-selectin and ICAM-1. The effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate were inhibited by the pertussis toxin and the respective inhibitors (10 μM 1-[6-[[(17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122) for phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C; 10 μM 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole (SB203580) for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); 1 μM 12-(2-cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo(2,3-a)pyrrolo(3,4-c)-carbazole (Gö6976) for the α form of protein kinase C (PKC-α)), but not by a PKC-δ inhibitor (1 μM rottlerin). Histamine, which alone showed no effect, enhanced the sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced expressions via histamine H₁ receptor. The histamine response decreased by U73122 and rottlerin, but not by SB203580 and Gö6976. The effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate with and without histamine were abolished by the higher concentrations of PKC inhibitors and in the PKC-depleted cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine alone stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-dependent but not in a PKCs-independent manner. These findings suggest that sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced expression of adhesion molecules was mediated by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and preferentially by PKC-α and p38 MAPK, and the histamine response was mediated by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and PKC-δ in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.     

大黄素对人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附分子(VCAM-1)表达的影响

目的大黄素对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)表面血管内皮细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达的影响.方法选取HUVECs为研究对象,应用10mg/L、20mg/L、30mg/L、40mg/L大黄素单独或混合5ng/mL TNF-d进行培养,以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测其表面VCAM-1的表达水平.结果10mg/L、20mg/L组单纯大黄素使HUVECs表面VCAM-1表达升高; 30mg/L、40mg/L组单纯大黄素对HUVECs表面VCAM-1表达尢影响;10mg/L、20mg/L、30mg/L、40mg/L大黄素和5ng/mL TNF-α进行混合培养时,HUVECs表面VCAM-1的表达明显低于单独应用TNF-α组,且对大黄素有一定的剂量依赖性,最佳作用浓度可因个体不同而有一定差异.结论大黄素对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)表面VCAM-1表达具有双向调节作用.     

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of apigenin: inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression,adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells,and expression of cellular adhesion molecules

The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of apigenin. Apigenin inhibited the collagenase activity involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose dependent manner in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Pretreatment with apigenin also attenuated LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, apigenin profoundly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC monolayer. Apigenin significantly suppressed the TNF-alpha-stimulated upregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-, and E-selectin-mRNA to the basal levels. Taken together, these results suggest that apigenin has significant anti-inflammatory activity that involves blocking NO-mediated COX-2 expression and monocyte adherence. These results further suggest that apigenin may be useful for therapeutic management of inflammatory diseases.     

Cornuside suppresses cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Cornuside is a bisiridoid glucoside compound isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. The present study was designed to examine the effects of cornuside on expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cornuside treatment attenuated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 translocation in HUVECs. In addition, cornuside suppressed the expression levels of endothelial cell adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induced by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression was also attenuated by treatment of cornuside. These inhibitory effects of cornuside on proinflammatory and adhesion molecules were not due to decreased HUVEC viability as assessed by MTT test. Taken together, the present study suggests that cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells.     

复方丹参对高转移性人肺癌细胞与血管内皮细胞黏附及黏附分子表达的影响

目的：探讨复方丹参抗肿瘤转移机理。方法：应用共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪荧光标记法,体外研究高转移性肺癌细胞(PG细胞)与血管内皮细胞的黏附性、黏附分子表达以及复方丹参抗肿瘤转移作用。结果：复方丹参可明显抑制PG细胞表面CD44,CD54的表达。复方丹参对PG细胞与激活和静息血管内皮细胞的黏附性也具有明显的抑制作用,并可抑制黏附分子CD44,CD45的表达,呈剂量依赖关系。结论：复方丹参具有抗肿瘤转移作用,抑制肿瘤细胞与内皮细胞黏附及黏附分子表达可能是复方丹参抗肿瘤转移的机制之一。     

Statins decrease TNF-alpha-induced osteoprotegerin production by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vitro

Recent reports have implicated osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cardiovascular disease processes. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells produce OPG and its expression in these cells is upregulated by inflammatory mediators. Statins, which besides their lipid lowering properties have various vasculoprotective effects, have been shown to regulate OPG expression in osteoblasts. We investigated whether statins affect the expression of OPG in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Using an ELISA we could demonstrate that statins reduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced OPG production in cultured human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Atorvastatin also downregulated interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha)-induced OPG production in endothelial cells. A significant reduction of TNF-alpha-induced OPG was seen when statins were used in the nanomolar range. These results were confirmed at the level of specific mRNA expression by real-time-PCR. Using LDH leakage as a marker of cell damage we show that cell viability was not affected by statins at concentrations used in our study. The effect of statins on TNF-alpha-induced OPG production was reversed by mevalonate and geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate at the level of protein production and at the level of mRNA expression, suggesting that it was brought about by inhibition of the mevalonic acid pathway and protein prenylation. Through our results we have added OPG to the list of molecules whose TNF-alpha-induced upregulation is counteracted by statins. If such an effect is also operative in the in vivo setting, one could postulate a role for statins in the modulation of cardiovascular disease processes possibly regulated by OPG.