十六层螺旋CT颈颅血管成像操作技术

16层螺旋CT的问世，能够轻松实现薄层、快速、大范围的扫描，先进后处理软件的支持，为CT血管成像的临床使用创造了更好的条件。现在CT血管造影（CTA）已被用来检查身体各个部位的血管病变，笔者将我院用16层螺旋CT进行颈、颅动脉血管造影检查获得的操作经验介绍如下。     

肺动脉栓塞的CT血管造影检查

目的研究CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢深静脉血管造影在肺栓塞的诊断中的作用及多层螺旋CT的优势。方法采用单层螺旋CT或16层螺旋CT对临床拟诊肺栓塞的所有患者行肺动脉血管造影(CTPA)及下肢静脉血管造影,统计栓塞的数目及类型。结果44例肺栓塞中,肺栓塞合并下肢静脉栓塞的34例,单纯肺栓塞的10例。单层螺旋CT及16层螺旋CT检查的病人总的栓塞显示率分别为12.1%及19.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);肺段及肺段以上肺动脉栓塞的显示率分别为25.3%及29.7%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.104);亚段及亚段以下显示率分别为1.1%及10.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢血管造影是肺栓塞的无创、快速、敏感性和特异性均较高的诊断方法。16层螺旋CT在检查肺栓塞方面优于单层螺旋CT。     

双筒高压注射器在多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

随着多层螺旋CT及心电门控技术的问世,尤其是随着16层多层螺旋CT的出现,冠状动脉多层螺旋CT血管造影(multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)已成为现实。作为微创性检查,具有广阔的应用前景,本文把双筒高压注射器多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和单筒高压注射器多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影进行对照分析,初步评价双筒高压注射器冠状动脉MSCTA的临床价值。1材料与方法1.1一般资料本文60例自愿进行多层螺旋CT冠脉造影的患者随机分为2组,分别应用双筒和单筒高压注射器,行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查,其中男36例,女24例,年龄26~68岁,平均47.3…     

双简高压注射器在多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中的应用

随着多层螺旋CT及心电门控技术的问世,尤其是随着16层多层螺旋CT的出现,冠状动脉多层螺旋CT血管造影(multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)已成为现实.作为微创性检查,具有广阔的应用前景,本文把双筒高压注射器多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和单筒高压注射器多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影进行对照分析,初步评价双筒高压注射器冠状动脉MSCTA的临床价值.     

多层(16层)螺旋CT血管成像技术的临床应用探讨

CT血管造影(computed tomographic angiography,CTA)给血管病变创造了一条无创的检查道路.随着设备的完善,软件的升级,CTA技术更加成熟.16层螺旋CT的问世,能够轻松实现薄层、快速、大范围的扫描,为CT血管成像的临床应用创造了更好的条件.笔者将16层螺旋CT进行血管造影检查获得的初步经验介绍如下.     

多层螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的应用

目的　评价多层螺旋CT血管造影 (MSCTA)在诊断肺动脉栓塞 (PE)中的价值。方法　对 16例临床怀疑有PE的患者行多层螺旋CT血管造影 ,其中 8例发现有肺动脉栓塞 ,5例在溶栓治疗 2 0～ 3 0d后进行了多层螺旋CT血管造影复查。结果　 8例PE患者中发现肺段以上肺动脉 43支发生肺动脉栓塞 ,CT影像表现为肺动脉的完全堵塞、不规则充盈缺损、附壁充盈缺损、轨道征等 ;肺动脉主干的扩张 ;肺段和肺叶的缺血性改变或表现为“马塞克”征。 5例在溶栓治疗后跟踪CT复查 ,4例肺动脉栓塞基本消失 ,1例明显缩小好转。结论　多层螺旋CT血管造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的一种无创伤性的有效检查方法 ,也是临床判断溶栓疗效的直观检查方法。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

近年来，CT肺血管造影作为肺动脉栓塞诊断的首选方法而广泛采用。随着16层螺旋CT的普及应用，肺栓塞的检出率逐渐提高，肺栓塞已不再是以往被认为的少见病。本文对14例成功检出的肺栓塞的影像表现及16层螺旋CT肺血管造影诊断肺栓塞的应用价值进行探讨。     

小肝癌的CTA和CTAP影像学表现

多层螺旋CT是检查小肝癌的一种相当敏感的方法，经病理检测证实，证实的敏感性为80％，多层螺旋CT血管造影对肝内小的瘤灶检出率，高于常规CT和动态CT。 CT血管造影是CT与血管造影两种技术相结合的一种检查方法。根据插管的部位、扫描的方法分为两种：一种为动脉造影CT（computed tomographic artemgraphy，CTA）；     

十六排螺旋CT主动脉增强扫描应用技术

近年来，诊断动脉病变的CT检查技术发展迅速，如主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层动脉瘤或主动脉破裂时，快速进行CT扫描及注射对比剂增强CT扫描检查。十六排螺旋CT的出现实现了全主动脉的CT血管造影，一次螺旋CT扫描可采集16层图像，极大的改善了CT血管造影的质量。     

16层螺旋CT血管分析技术在动脉导管未闭显示中的应用价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管分析技术在动脉导管未闭显示中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析12例经手术或心血管造影证实的动脉导管未闭16层螺旋CT血管分析技术显示的检查结果,并与手术或心血管造影结果及超声心动图结果对照。结果:16层螺旋CT血管分析技术能清晰直观显示动脉导管未闭的直接CT征象及类型,诊断符合率为100%;并可拉直测量导管的内径和长度,诊断符合率分别为91.67%和83.33%;在诊断动脉导管未闭的程度方面与超声心动图无明显差异,在诊断动脉导管未闭的类型方面优于超声心动图。结论:16层CT与超声心动图检查相结合,可大大提高对动脉导管未闭的诊断准确率,减少有创的心血管造影检查,以指导手术。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.