人外周血树突状细胞在LAK抗HPBALL细胞中作用的研究

为探讨树突状细胞（ＤＣ）在ＬＡＫ抗ＨＰＢＡＬＬ细胞中的作用，采用多因素、多水平的杀伤试验，同时以光镜、电镜观察ＤＣ、ＬＡＫ、ＨＰＢＡＬＬ相互作用的形态特征及ＤＮＡ断端标记法检测瘤细胞是否凋亡。结果表明：（１）ＤＣ无直接杀伤ＨＰＢＡＬＬ作用。（２）５×１０５～１×１０７／ＬＤＣ有增强不同Ｅ／ＴＬＡＫ杀伤活性的趋势，而１×１０７～５×１０７／ＬＤＣ对ＬＡＫ活性有抑制趋势。（３）ＤＣ、ＬＡＫ杀伤ＨＰＢＡＬＬ的最佳组合条件为：ＤＣ培养４ｄ、浓度５×１０６／Ｌ，ＬＡＫＥ／Ｔ＝１０／１，ｒＩＬ－２＝０。（４）光镜、电镜下均可见ＤＣ的突起与ＬＡＫ、ＨＰＢＡＬＬ细胞紧密接触形成细胞簇。（５）ＤＮＡ断端标记法显示瘤细胞呈末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶阳性反应。结论：ＤＣ对ＬＡＫ杀伤ＨＰＢＡＬＬ活性具有双向调节作用     

金探针标记LAK细胞体内示踪的研究

用胶体金（ｃＡｕ）标记ＰＨＡ、ＣｏｎＡ，制备出ｃＡｕ－ＰＨＡ和ｃＡｕ－ＣｏｎＡ金探针。电镜示踪显示，该金探针与ＬＡＫ细胞表面相应受体结合后，可在２小时内发生完全内化。主要定位于ＬＡＫ细胞的溶酶体内，并在相当长的时间内稳定地滞留在ＬＡＫ细胞内，故可作为ＬＡＫ细胞可靠的示踪标志物。将内化有金探针的ＬＡＫ细胞输入荷结肠癌的裸鼠体内，然后对不同时间的各种组织分别作光镜银染和电镜观察，既可清楚地显示ＬＡＫ细胞在组织中的分布，也可对ＬＡＫ细胞与靶细胞相互作用的过程作仔细的观察。结果为ＬＡＫ细胞的体内示踪研究提供了新的途径。     

肿瘤患者自体CD3AK与LAK细胞生物学特性研究

目的：ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞是由抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体和ＩＬ－２共同激活诱导的肿瘤杀伤细胞。对３０例肿瘤患者自体ＤＣ３ＡＫ细胞及ＬＡＫ细胞进行了比较性研究。方法：采用ＭＴＴ法检测ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞及ＬＡＫ细胞的杀瘤活性,应用流工细胞术进行免疫标志物分析。结果与结论：肿瘤患者ＰＢＭＮＣ诱导后产生的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞较ＬＡＫ细胞有更强的增殖能力,但对Ｒａｊｉ、Ｋ５６２细胞的生长抑制作用无明显区别;４０％～６０％ＣＤ３ＡＫ     

CD30阳性的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤临床病理研究

目的；研究ＣＤ３０阳性的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ＡＬＣＬ）的病理形态和免疫一型，并与多种恶性肿瘤相鉴别，方法：对９例ＡＬＣＬ淋巴结活检材料常规处理后，ＨＥ染色及免疫组化染色（ＡＢＣ法），结果：９匀呈ＣＤ３０阳性，４例为Ｔ细胞怀，３例为Ｂ细胞性，２例既无Ｔ也无Ｂ细胞免疫表型表达。其形态特征为：部分或全部淋巴结受累。肿瘤细胞核为多形，窦内浸润及巢状浸润。结论：ＡＬＣＬ为非同源量形态特征相似。需与以下疾病鉴     

锂增强小鼠LAK细胞活性及其体内抗瘤作用的研究

本文观察了锂体外对小鼠ＬＡＫ细胞的作用及其体内抗瘤作用，以期找到一种能增强ＬＡＫ细胞活性，降低ＩＬ－２毒副作用的免疫调变剂。在ＩＬ－２诱导ＬＡＫ的同时加入ＬｉＣｌ，则能增强ＬＡＫ细胞的活性。以Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠接种Ｂ１６黑色素瘤细胞为荷瘤小鼠模型，比较了ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ，单独锂及ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ合并锂三组的抗瘤作用，结果表明，单独锂及ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ组与对照组相比均有抗瘤作用，但ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ和锂一起作用，其抗瘤作用最强，表现为能抑制肿瘤的生长及延长荷瘤小鼠的存活时间。因此，锂可望作为一种新型的免疫调节剂用于免疫性疾病及肿瘤的治疗。     

环孢素A体外诱导HL—60细胞凋亡的研究

目的：观察环孢素Ａ是否有诱导白血病细胞凋亡的作用。方法：应用细胞形态学检查、二苯胺法ＤＮＡ片段化定量，ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳及流式细胞术等方法观察细胞凋亡。结果：ＣｓＡ５０ｍｇ／Ｌ作用ＨＬ－６０细胞４ｈ，ＤＮＡ片段率显著增高，达（２８．２±５．８）％，而对照组仅为（１２．５±１．７）％（Ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝１０）。光镜及电镜检查见细胞核固缩，碎裂，有凋亡小体形成。ＤＮＡ电泳显示典型的ＤＮＡｌａｄｄｅｒ。流式细胞术检测发现ＣｓＡ５０ｍｇ／Ｌ作用ＨＬ－６０细胞６ｈ凋亡细胞率为４９．７％，而空白组仅为９．１％。ＣｓＡ诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞ＤＮＡ片段化呈剂量和时间依赖性。结论：ＣｓＡ在体外能诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞凋亡。     

树突状细胞—郎格罕氏细胞与抗肿瘤

本文阐述了人类肿瘤和小鼠肿瘤实验模型中树突状细胞／郎格罕氐细胞（ＤＣ／ＬＣ）和肿瘤之间的关系。ＤＣ／ＬＣ作为抗原呈递细胞（ＡＰＣ），具有呈递肿瘤抗原，参与机体抗肿瘤免疫反应的重要作用。随着人们对人体肿瘤的更多组织学的研究发现，ＤＣ／ＬＣ具有抗肿瘤的活性，是机体抗肿瘤的重要效应细胞之一。近来的研究表明，早期肿瘤患者的肿瘤组织中缺少或存在ＤＣ／ＬＣ，其预后变化较大。实验表明ＤＣ／ＬＣ浸润于早期肿瘤的组织内，则患者生存率高，预后良好；相反，肿瘤组织中不存在ＤＣ／ＬＣ，则肿瘤迅速增生扩散，患者预后不好。     

可溶性肿瘤抗原和CD3单克隆抗体共同诱导的杀瘤细…

用可溶性肿瘤抗原和ＣＤ３单克隆抗体共同刺激外周血单个核细胞产生ＣＤ８＾＋细胞为主的杀瘤细胞，称其为Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞。与ＬＡＫ细胞和ＣＤ３－ＡＫ细胞比较，Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞扩增快、低依赖ＩＬ－２，培养１４天细胞数扩增２４倍，比ＣＤ３－ＡＫ细胞高８倍，比ＬＡＫ细胞高１５倍，并能持续生长２１天。     

抵抗LAK细胞杀伤的胃癌细胞株的建立及生物学特性的研究

人胃癌细胞系ＭＧＣ－８０３经反复与ＬＡＫ细胞共培养十个周期，获得对ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤抵抗的特性，命名该细胞变株为ＭＧＣ－８０３Ｒ。当效靶比为４０∶１时，对该细胞变株的杀伤率仅为４０％，而对亲代细胞的杀伤率为９０％。用“冷”靶细胞抑制试验、电镜、ＦＡＣＳ及荧光标记技术分析，证实ＭＧＣ－８０３Ｒ细胞膜结合识别位点有改变，ＭＨＣ－Ⅰ表达升高，ＩＣＡＭ－１表达降低，相互粘附的细胞数减少，胞内Ｆ肌动蛋白小体消失，微丝恢复有序排列，细胞生长速率减慢。上述结果提示经免疫筛选对杀伤有抵抗的ＭＧＣ－８０３Ｒ细胞在生物学特性上有所改变。     

涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤临床与病理研究

目的 探讨涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤的病理诊断特征及发病机制,方法 分析临床资料,利用ＨＥ染色,白细胞共同抗原,ＣＤ２０,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ,上皮膜抗原的ＳＰ法免疫组化及电镜观察了２７例涎粘膜相关淋巴瘤,结果 男性２４例,女性３例,平均年龄５３．４５岁,其中腮腺１２例,颌下腺１５例,涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤是由弥漫性中心细胞（ＣＣＬ）细胞组成,并有“淋巴上皮病变”。ＣＣＬ细胞呈ＣＤ２０阳性,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ阴性,电镜下瘤     

Primary central nervous system malignant melanoma: report of 5 cases

Primary melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system consist of a spectrum of lesions ranging from well-differentiated melanocytoma to its overtly malignant counterpart, melanoma. Clinicopathologic features of 5 cases of primary central nervous system malignant melanoma were studied to define histologic appearances, diagnostic criteria, and the clinical behavior of lesions along this spectrum. There were three women and two men (mean age was 35 years) with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Radiological findings showed a solitary intra parenchymal lesion with variable enhancement after gadolinium administration. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Histologic examination revealed primary melanoma.     

Primary intracranial malignant lymphomas with particular reference to their pathogenesis.

During the past 6 years we have experienced a total of 6 cases of malignant lymphomas, which originated primarily in the central nervous system. The most reliable diagnostic criteria will be a "perivascular cuffing" by silver impregnation with further spreading of tumor cells to the periphery, a "starry-sky" appearance consisting of numerous histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm intermingled with tumor cells, and cytological features of the imprint preparation. Since there is a close histologic similarity to extracerebral malignant lymphomas, we would like to propose that these tumors should be regarded as primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system instead of mere reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma, and also would like to regard the brain to be not an exceptional site other than visceral lymphomas for occurrences of malignant lymphomas. For the pathogenesis of primary intracranial malignant lymphomas, the hypothesis, proposed by FEIGIN, of the possible existence of multipotential stem cells in the brain was discussed.     

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF A/HEJ MICE INJECTED WITH A XENOGENEIC STOMACH ANTIGEN

During the past 6 years we have experienced a total of 6 cases of malignant lymphomas, which originated primarily in the central nervous system. The most reliable diagnostic criteria will be a "perivascular cuffing" by silver impregnation with further spreading of tumor cells to the periphery, a "starry-sky" appearance consisting of numerous histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm intermingled with tumor cells, and cytological features of the imprint preparation. Since there is a close histologic similarity to extracerebral malignant lymphomas, we would like to propose that these tumors should be regarded as primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system instead of mere reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma, and also would like to regard the brain to be not an exceptional site other than visceral lymphomas for occurrence of malignant lymphomas. For the pathogenesis of primary intracranial malignant lymphomas, the hypothesis, proposed by Fbigin, of the possible existence of multipotential stem cells in the brain was discussed.     

Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and antigenic profile confirm B cell origin of primary cerebral lymphoma and indicate a mature phenotype.

Six cases of primary cerebral lymphoma were immunophenotyped and analysed by Southern blotting to determine the clonality and lineage of these neoplasms. Molecular analysis showed that they were of B cell origin, and the rearrangement of both heavy and light chain immunoglobulins in malignant cells showed that they were monoclonal populations of mature B cells. The characterisation of the genetic configuration of the immunoglobulin genes in these lymphomas is important because the ability to distinguish between primary lymphoma of the central nervous system and other malignant cerebral tumours has important implications for treatment and survival.     

Primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma with relapse to mediastinum: a case report and review of the literature

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm of the lymphohematopoietic system that usually occurs in the skin, lymph node, and intestinal tract. Here we describe a unique case of primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma that initially showed an indolent clinical course following local resection and radiotherapy. However, relapse of disease within the mediastinum was noted 3 1/2 years later. Biopsies of the initial brain lesion and subsequent mediastinal recurrence each revealed an identical, diffuse proliferation of histiocytes with expression of CD45, CD68, and CD163 but not pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD43, CD79a, CD138, myeloperoxidase, ALK-1, PAX-5, CAM 5.2, S100, CD1a, or glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the literature, central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma portends a poor prognosis with median survival of 4.5 months. To our knowledge, this case represents the first case of "low-grade" primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma with relatively indolent clinical course. A thorough discussion of the differential diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma and a review of primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma are also presented.     

中枢神经系统非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤临床病理及免疫表型特征

目的 探讨中枢神经系统非典型畸胎样／横纹肌样瘤的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 对2例非典型畸胎样／横纹肌样瘤应用光镜行HE、网状纤维染色及免疫组织化学染色观察,并结合文献复习。结果 非典型畸胎样／横纹肌样瘤具有特征性的横纹肌样细胞,伴有不同程度的原始神经外胚叶、上皮和间质分化。肿瘤组织富于网状纤维,免疫组织化学标记示波形蛋白、CD99、上皮细胞膜抗原、细胞角蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、S-100蛋白、神经微丝蛋白、结蛋白、平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性,突触素、肌调节蛋白、胎盘碱性磷酸酶和HMB45阴性。结论 非典型畸胎样／横纹肌样瘤是中枢神经系统一种罕见的高度恶性肿瘤,好发于儿童,偶见于成人,呈异源性组织学和免疫组织化学表型。其诊断需与脑内其他多形性肿瘤鉴别。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤9例浸润播散方式的临床病理观察

目的 探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)在脑组织内浸润播散的方式.方法 复习9例PCNSL的临床病理资料,重点观察其在脑组织内浸润播散方式.结果 9例PCNSL中,8例为手术标本,1例为尸解标本,病理类型均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,8例为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,1例为非特异性外周T细胞淋巴瘤,中位年龄57岁,观察到3种基本浸润和播散方式:(1)沿血管周隙浸润,破坏血管周隙在血管周围浸润,侵入血管壁呈血管炎状改变,使血管腔闭塞.(2)沿神经束间浸润,在大脑灰质层和小脑分子层形成单个或数个细胞与脑表面垂直的条索向脑表面软脑膜下浸润.(3)上述两种方式浸润的瘤细胞最终进入脑皮质浅层和蛛网膜下腔.结论 PCNSL沿血管周隙、血管周围、神经纤维间隙等结构浸润至脑皮层浅层和蛛网膜下隙,并进一步播散.     

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma.

The diagnostic utility of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma was evaluated with two different PCR assays to test a collection of cerebrospinal fluid samples from 24 AIDS patients with central nervous system disorders. A PCR assay amplifying a fragment from the BamHI-W region had the highest clinical and analytic sensitivity. The BamHI-W PCR assay detected EBV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from 83% (5 of 6) of patients with pathologically proven primary central nervous system lymphoma and 7% (1 of 16) of controls with autopsy-proven nonlymphomatous central nervous system disorders. EBV DNA was also detected in one patient with autopsy-proven systemic lymphoma involving the central nervous system and one patient with probable primary central nervous system lymphoma. EBV DNA was detected consistently when central nervous system lymphoma involved meningeal surfaces. PCR for EBV in cerebrospinal fluid appears to be useful for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma, but additional studies are required to better define the sensitivity of the assay and to understand the significance of a positive test in the absence of lymphoma.     

Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system. Case report.

We report a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system found in a 69-year old woman suffering from Parkinson's disease and hypertension. The CAT scan revealed an ill defined lesion in the left frontal lobe which at surgery appeared as a brownish-black friable neoformation. The histologic exam revealed a proliferation of voluminous round lymphoid cells with 2 or 3 nucleoli often apposed to the nuclear membrane. At the immunohistochemical investigation they were positive for LC and L26 monoclonal antibodies. Malignant centroblastic B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. All post-surgery investigations excluded the presence of neoplasms in other sites.     

Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis: immunopathologic and morphologic evidence for intravascular malignant lymphomatosis

Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (NAE) is a rare entity characterized by multifocal, intravascular proliferation of large pleomorphic cells within small vessels of most organs, with a particular affinity for the central nervous system. Clinically, patients with NAE present with focal neurologic signs and a progressive decline in mental status, followed by death in a few months. The histogenesis of NAE is controversial but has been previously thought to represent a malignant proliferation of endothelial cells. Three autopsy cases with clinical and histologic features of NAE were investigated by electron microscopic, standard histochemical, and immunohistochemical technics that included the use of three panleukocyte monoclonal antibodies (PLA), the endothelial-cell-specific reagents, FVIII-RAG anti-sera and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA), and muramidase. The NAE cells in all three cases were stained positively by the PLA, whereas the adjacent endothelial cells and not the NAE cells were stained by FVIII-RAG and UEA. Muramidase by immunoperoxidase technic and nonspecific esterase (chloracetate) were not present in NAE cells. These results indicate that NAE is a leukocyte-derived neoplasm and not a malignant endothelial cell neoplasm. Based on these findings and on a review of the literature, it is proposed that NAE represents intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML). IML appears to be a primary manifestation and/or a major secondary form of disseminated malignant lymphoma. This would explain the spectrum of findings in previously reported cases.