2017年-2018年临沂市常见食品中重金属和砷的污染调查分析

目的调查临沂市2017年-2018年常见食品中铅、镉、汞等重金属和砷的污染现状。方法按照国家标准检测方法检测食品中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量,并对检测结果评价。结果检测食品575份,共检测铅、镉、汞、砷2 285项次,检出铅、镉、汞、砷114项次,总检出率为4.98%,超标8项次,总超标率为0.35%。各监测项目中超标率从高到低依次为铅、镉、汞、砷,各类监测食品中,检出率从高到低依次为茶叶、豆类、蔬菜、水果,其余未检出。共检测食品中铅样品560份,5份超标样品,超标率为0.89%,其中豆类样品超标率最高,为3.00%;共检测食品中镉样品575份,3份超标样品,超标率为0.52%,其中豆类样品超标率最高,为1.00%;共检测食品中汞、砷样品575份,均未超标。结论临沂市常见食品中重金属和砷的污染程度较低,但仍存在一定程度的重金属污染,应引起关注并加强监管。     

绍兴地区水产品中铅、镉和总汞含量监测结果分析与评价

目的了解绍兴地区常见水产品中铅、镉和总汞的污染水平。方法采用国家标准检测方法,2007—2014年检测了绍兴地区常见水产品中铅、镉和总汞的含量,按GB 2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》评价检测结果,采用单因子污染指数法和金属污染指数评价污染程度。结果共检测7类992份水产品,铅、镉和总汞的含量均值分别为0.075、0.17和0.018 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.91%、6.45%和0。海水甲壳类中镉含量均值为0.51 mg/kg,超标率22.17%,单因子污染指数均值为1.02,其中梭子蟹中镉超标率38.38%,单因子污染指数均值为1.80。金属污染指数最高为海水甲壳类0.046,最低为淡水鱼类0.011。结论绍兴地区水产品中铅和总汞总体污染水平不高,海水甲壳类中镉污染较突出,其中以梭子蟹最为严重。     

南宁市主要食品中重金属污染状况的调查

目的:调查南宁市主要食品中铅、砷、镉、汞重金属污染状况。方法:随机采集南宁市各超市及农贸市场出售的大米、米粉、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、猪肾、鲜蛋、蔬菜等,用国标法检测铅、砷、镉、汞指标。结果:在94份样品中,铅检出率19.1%,超标率1.06%;砷检出率26.6%,超标率10.6%;镉检出率52.1%,超标率7.45%;汞检出率17.0%,超标率5.32%。结论:南宁市主要食品的铅、砷、镉、汞重金属均有不同程度检出及超标,其中镉检出率最高,砷超标率最高。     

2014—2016年某地部分食品中金属污染情况分析

目的了解当地市售部分食品中铅、镉、总砷及总汞的污染情况,为食品安全监管提供科学依据。方法对威海市2014—2016年采集的6类755份食品样品,按照国家标准进行检测和分析。结果铅、镉、总砷及总汞的检出率分别为45.3%、89.8%、40.13%及21.72%,铅、镉和总砷存在超标情况,铅、镉超标率分别为0.26%和2.91%。畜肉及其肝肾存在铅和总砷超标样品,海产品存在铅、镉超标样品,海产品中镉的超标率较高。结论食品中金属元素超标率较低,部分食品金属元素检出率较高,需加强监管。     

厦门市2018年市售水产品重金属污染状况分析

目的了解厦门市售水产品中铅、镉、铬、砷与汞5种重金属元素污染状况,为其限量标准制定和风险评估提供依据。方法2018年在厦门市6区超市和农贸市场抽取189份样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定重金属元素,并分析检出率、超标率和元素含量。结果样品中铬和砷总检出率均为100.0%,其余3种元素总检出率分别为铅>镉>汞;干制类中铬、镉、铅、砷含量检出值高于其他4类样品;各元素在5类样品中总超标率为砷>镉>铅>铬>汞。仅腌制类未检出超标样品。结论厦门市售水产品中存在一定程度重金属污染,干制类污染情况相对严重,应加强监管并采取控制措施。     

北海市2010年食品中重金属污染状况调查

目的 了解食品中铅、无机砷、镉和总汞等重金属污染状况.方法 在北海市各主要超市、农贸市场等采集7大类共16种食品进行铅、无机砷、镉和总汞项目的检测.结果 在所检测的130个样品中,超标率为29.2％.铅、无机砷、镉和总汞的超标率分别为18.5％,9.2％,1.5％和0.8％,检出率分别为82.3％,40.8％,6...     

2013—2017年渭南市市售8类食品中重金属污染状况

目的了解渭南市市售食品中重金属污染状况。方法根据2013—2017年渭南市食品安全风险监测方案,共采集8类539份市售食品,采用国家食品安全标准方法对铅、镉、总汞和总砷进行检测,按照食品污染物限量标准进行评价。结果样品中重金属铅、镉、总汞和总砷的检出率分别为42.5%(229/539)、68.1%(367/539)、39.9%(215/539)和37.5%(202/539),其中铅和总汞有超标情况,超标率分别为1.3%(7/539)、1.7%(7/404),超标样品为蔬菜、水果、谷物制品。结论渭南市市售蔬菜、水果、谷物制品等食品存在重金属污染情况,应引起高度重视。     

2010年潍坊市市售食品中重金属污染情况调查

目的了解潍坊市区出售的食品中重金属污染情况,以便采取相应的预防策略。方法采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光度法测定食品样品中的铅、镉、砷、汞含量。结果全年共采集各类食品共461份,其中检测铅含量样品461份,超标5份,超标率1.1%;检测镉含量样品351份,超标14份,超标率4.0%;检测砷含量样品328份,超标4份,超标率1.2%;检测汞含量样品221份,超标9份,超标率4.1%。结论潍坊市食品中重金属污染总体情况不严重,但部分种类仍存在一定程度重金属含量超标的情况,需要引起重视。     

内蒙古地区食品中铅、镉、汞污染跟踪监测及分析

目的了解内蒙古地区食品中铅、镉、汞的污染水平及改善情况,为建立内蒙古地区食品重金属安全风险监测体系、及时发现食品中重金属安全隐患、进行风险预警提供基础数据,跟踪监测2012年内蒙古地区食品中铅、镉、汞污染水平。方法按照内蒙古自治区食品中化学污染物检测计划,结合内蒙古地区市售食品种类及分布特点,采用GB/T5009—2003中的方法对内蒙古地区中部、东部及西部5个地区市售的食品样本中铅、镉、汞含量进行检测。结果全年共跟踪监测4类食品样本,其中599份进行了铅检测,检出率为25.21%,超标率为1.67%;519份样品进行了镉和汞的检测,检出率分别为31.79%和21.58%,超标率分别为0.19%和6.17%。结论内蒙古地区市售食品中3种重金属污染情况仍然存在,虽污染情况不严重,但仍应继续给予高度重视。     

绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅镉和总汞含量的监测及暴露水平评估

目的了解绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的污染水平及趋势,进行膳食暴露评估。方法2007-2014年对绍兴地区农贸市场、超市等地的粮谷类食品抽样检测铅、镉和总汞的含量,采用单因子污染指数评价粮谷类食品各种重金属污染程度,结合浙江省2008年居民膳食消费量数据,对绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的暴露水平进行评估。结果共采集4大类817份粮谷类食品,铅、镉和总汞的超标率分别为2.20%(18/817)、1.59%(13/817)和3.06%(25/817),平均值分别为0.054、0.032和0.005 9mg/kg;粮谷类食品的铅、镉和总汞日均摄入量分别为23.03、16.23和2.61μg/d,分别占暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)或暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)的10.8%、32.5%和26.0%,其中大米及其制品对铅、镉和总汞的贡献率均为粮谷类食品中最高,分别为82.9%、86.5%和81.6%。结论绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的总体污染水平不高,居民通过粮谷类食品铅和总汞暴露水平均较低,镉暴露水平相对较高,米及其制品是粮谷类食品铅、镉和总汞暴露的主要来源。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.