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Background
This study presents data on the prevalence rate of infectious markers among voluntary and replacement donors in the blood transfusion service in Armed Forces from 2000 to 2004.Methods
39,646 units of blood were collected from donors during the period from 2000 to 2004. All the samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1&2, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and by venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL).Results
24,527 (61.9%) were voluntary donations and 15,119 (38.1%) replacement donations. Prevalence of HBsAg had decreased, amongst voluntary donors from 1.67% to 0.77% but the positivity rate has not showed significant change. Seropositivity of HIV had decreased both in voluntary and replacement donors to 0.22% and 0.86% respectively. The seropositivity for anti-HCV showed steady decrease amongst voluntary donors from 0.46% to 0.20% in 2004, but in replacement donors, there was an increase in reactivity rate from 0.43% to 0.65%.Conclusion
The increased seropositivity for HCV, HIV and HBsAg could be decreased by introduction of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) in minipools for HCV and HIV and introduction of anti-HBcAg (IgM) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. But this may not be possible in near future in developing countries due to financial constraints. At present implementation of strict donor criteria and with use of sensitive laboratory screening tests it is possible to reduce the incidence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) in Indian scenario.Key Words: Transfusion transmitted infections, Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus 相似文献3.
J Philip RS Sarkar Satish Kumar Amardeep Pathak 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2012,68(1):28-32
Background
The main blood borne viruses'' viz. hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are a major public health issue, and represent significant causes of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion. This study analysed the trends of blood borne infections among blood donors in a large blood bank in the last 10 years.Method
Viral screening results of 80,500 voluntary and replacement donations from 2000 to 2009 were analysed. All donations were screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV. The seroprevalence rate of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and 95% confidence interval were calculated.Results
The seroprevalence rate of HBV, HIV, and HCV, decreased during the last 10-years study from 2000 to 2009. There is significant and impressive decrease in HBV seroprevalence rate from 2.39% in 2000 to 1.28% in 2009. The seroprevalence rate of HIV appeared to have decreased with a very significant value from 1.32% to 0.30% in 2009. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence rate showed a slight decline in blood donations from 0.48% in 2001 to 0.22% in 2009.Conclusion
There is a general reduction in the seroprevalence rate of viral infections. This is probably because of discouragement of professional or paid donations; better awareness, better prophylactic measures, and availability of vaccines have played a major role.Key Words: transfusion transmitted infections 相似文献4.
Background
Transfusion Transmitted Virus (TTV), also known as Torque Teno Virus is a new novel viral agent which appears to correlate with some acute and chronic hepatitis cases and may produce liver damage under specific circumstances. Aim of this study was to detect TT virus by real-time PCR, study its clinical implications and effects of its co-infection in HBV and HCV chronic liver diseases.Methods
The study population comprised 50 acute hepatitis, 50 chronic hepatitis patients and 100 voluntary blood donors. All samples were tested for serum bilirubin, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels and for all available viral markers for hepatitis. The detection of TT viral genome was carried out by real-time PCR using TTV sequences as reported by Takahashi et al with modifications on the basis of database of the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank (GenBank accession no. AB008394).Result
Serum was positive for TTV in 72% of volunteer blood donors, 77.4% (24/31) of hepatitis A cases, 87.6% (36/41) of HBV-positive, 77% (10/13) of HCV-positive, and 92.8% (13/14) of non-B, non-C cases. Co-infection of TTV with other hepatitis viruses was detected in some patients.Conclusion
TTV is a frequent virus detected in patients with various types of viral hepatitis, in cases of hepatitis without obvious viral agent, and from the healthy population in India. Rate of TTV was found to be significantly higher (92.8%) for Non A–E hepatitis group. 相似文献5.
Background
Hepatitis E, generally known to be transmitted faeco-orally, has been shown to have significant transmission by blood borne route. Paucity of data on asymptomatic viremia in blood donors and higher incidence of Hepatitis E in haemodialysis patients and thalassemics mandate a prospective study of blood recipients to elucidate the exact incidence and natural history of post transfusion Hepatitis E.Methods
A total of 2000 recipients of blood or blood products transfusion were followed up for two months to detect development of post transfusion Hepatitis E, by clinical examination, transaminases and immunoglobulin M anti hepatitis E virus (IgM anti HEV). Estimation of hepatitis E virus ribonucleic acid (HEV RNA) was done in patients with elevated levels of transaminases.Result
Out of 2000 patients, 5(0.25%) were positive for IgM anti HEV at the time of transfusion and were excluded from the study. Rest of 1995 patients were followed up for two months post transfusion. A total of 1303 (65.3%) patients were followed up for two months and 1636 (82.0%) patients at least once in two visits. None of the followed up patients reported development of jaundice or had clinically evident hepatitis, although 62 patients had raised transaminases detected at either one or both the visits.Conclusion
All followed up patients were tested for IgM anti HEV at both the visits and none were found to be positive. Patients with raised transaminases were subjected to HEV RNA and all were found to be negative.Key Words: Hepatitis E, Post transfusion, Parenteral transmission 相似文献6.
KK Lahiri AK Sahni RM Gupta SD Duhan K Kapila J Jena 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2007,63(4):318-321
Background
Hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis (e− CHB) with detectable levels of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in serum has been reported in cases from Asia. This study was undertaken to find out prevalence e−CHB and to correlate its presence with the clinical status and severity of the illness in cases of chronic liver disease in India.Methods
All patients of infective hepatitis, who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were evaluated with liver function tests and HBeAg and antiHBe antibody studies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was carried out to detect HBV DNA qualitatively.Result
Out of 2064 samples tested by ELISA, 429 (20.78 %) were HBsAg positive. HBV DNA (qualitative) was performed on all 429 patients and 74 (17.2%) were HBV DNA positive. Of these only 42 (56.75 %) tested positive for HBeAg. Overall, 8.3 % of HBeAg negative patients (32/384) were viraemic with evidence of chronic liver disease/clinical cirrhosis and alteration of transaminase levels, while three cases (0.84 %) HBeAg positive cases did not show presence of HBV DNA.Conclusion
This study shows e−CHB prevalence rate of 8.3% in patients with HBV infection in India. Since HBeAg negative patients had detectable levels of HBV DNA as seen in HBeAg positive patients, benefit of antiviral therapy should be given to them. Population studies on e− CHB cases are needed to determine its true prevalence, natural course and response to therapy.Key Words: Chronic hepatitis, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis B e antigen negative 相似文献7.
GS Chopra RM Gupta SR Gedela PP Varma R Rai SK Nema 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(3):241-244
Background
170 million people are infected with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) around the world. Approximately 50%-70% patients infected with HCV develop chronic liver disease. Haemodialysis patients constitute an especially important group with high HCV prevalence. Outbreaks of HCV infection in dialysis units have been documented. Detection of anti-HCV antibodies is a convenient and conventional mode of documentation. However, in this group, it has it''s own caveats.Methods
48 patients who had undergone or were on haemodialysis (HD) and had undergone a minimum of 15 dialysis sittings were studied. HCV infection was documented both by anti-HCV antibody detection and HCV RNA testing. A comparative evaluation of results by both tests was done.Results
Out of a total of 48 patients, HCV RNA was detected in 38 (79.16%) and anti-HCV antibodies in 13(27.07%). Out of 48 patients 10(20.83%) were negative for both parameters. 22.91% (11/48) of patients were positive for both HCV RNA and anti-HCV antibody. 56.25% (27/48) were HCV RNA positive but anti-HCV antibodies were not detectable in their sera. 2 patients (04.16%) had a positive anti-HCV antibody status despite HCV RNA being negative. In 20.83% (10/48) both parameters were undetectable.Conclusion
Chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly due to HCV infection, is a major complication amongst haemodialysis (HD) patients. Without reliable assays for antigenemia and the inability of antibody tests to define viremia in all cases, the detection of viral nucleic acid is necessary for diagnosis of active HCV infection.Key Words: Hepatitis C virus, Haemodialysis 相似文献8.
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in renal transplant (RT) patients. Some of these patients remain anti-HCV negative despite presence of infection and these are identified by a positive HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) test.Methods
We studied 404 RT patients for prevalence of HCV-RNA positivity in anti-HCV negative patients. Serum was tested for presence of anti-HCV antibodies using a third generation HCV micro-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test, which utilises a combination of HCV structural and nonstructural antigens. The RNA was extracted from patient serum for HCV viral quantification using Quiagen Ql Amp Viral RNA mini extraction kit. The HCV-RNA viral load was performed on Corbet Rotor Gene 3000 thermocycler using Taqman principle.Results
About 308 patients were anti-HCV negative and 96 were anti-HCV positive, resulting in prevalence of overt HCV infection of 23.7%. A total of 130 anti-HCV negative patients tested positive for HCV-RNA making a prevalence of occult HCV infection of 42.2%. There was no significant difference in the rate of overt or occult HCV infection between males and females. Patients with HCV infection (whether overt or occult) had received more number of dialysis sessions (62.5 vs 32.2) and blood transfusions (2.78 vs 1.99) when compared to those without HCV infection (P=0.001). The mean duration on dialysis was also longer (8.15 months vs 4.53 months) in patients with HCV infection (P= 0.0001).Conclusion
A direct test for HCV viraemia is important to accurately determine the epidemiology of HCV infection in RT patients who remain anti-HCV negative despite harbouring active HCV infection.Key Words: hepatitis C, real time PCR, renal replacement therapy 相似文献9.
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational risk in health care workers (HCW). In spite of HBV vaccine availability in Armed Forces, the high prevalence of HBV infection in HCW continues to be a problem. The study was undertaken to study the HBV vaccine-compliance among HCW.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. HCW were requested to fill up the pre set questionnaire to assess the HBV vaccination coverage.Result
Amongst 254 HCW, only 57.7% were vaccinated against HBV. The vaccine compliance was lowest among housekeeping professionals. The mean age at vaccination was high (30.5 years). Amongst the vaccine non-compliant subjects, 34.3% were above 30 years of age. 32.2% HCW completed primary vaccination after spending more than 10 years in the profession. Accessibility of HBV vaccine, knowledge and perception of HBV risk were important factors in vaccine non-compliance.Conclusion
Due to low and delayed HBV vaccine-compliance, HCW continue to be at the risk of occupational HBV. Health education highlighting occupational risk of HBV, accessibility of vaccine and mandatory vaccination of HCW is recommended to increase HBV vaccine compliance among HCW.Key Words: Health care workers, Hepatitis B virus, Occupational risk, Hepatitis B vaccine 相似文献10.
Background
Health care workers (HCWs) in Armed Forces are immunised against Hepatitis B virus (HBV), however they are not subjected to anti-HBs (antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen) assessment after primary vaccination. The present study was undertaken to determine the protection offered by HBV vaccine in HCW.Methods
Cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary care hospital. A total 146 HBV vaccine compliant HCW were evaluated for quantitative anti-HBs by enzyme immune assay.Result
129 (88.4%) subjects had protective levels of anti-HBs. Higher age at vaccination was an important risk factor in low vaccine response. Decline in anti-HBs with time was evident. Anti-HBs levels were more than 10mIU/ml in subjects even after 11 years of primary vaccination. There was no difference in protection in booster and non booster groups.Conclusion
Age is the most important factor in HBV vaccine response. Booster dose of HBV vaccine is not necessary in healthy HCW for atleast ten years after primary vaccination. The study recommends early primary vaccination of HCW and ‘initial’ anti-HBs assay for confirmation of vaccine response.Key Words: Anti-Hepatitis B surface antigen, Health care workers, Hepatitis B virus vaccine 相似文献11.
M Singh A Kotwal RM Gupta S Adhya K Chatterjee J Jayaram 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2010,66(1):50-54
Background
Information on the emerging epidemics of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in younger age groups in India is scanty due to paucity of representative, population based surveys and varied estimation methodology. This study was done to assess the point prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections alongwith the epidemiological factors associated with these infections. Attitudes, beliefs and behaviour related to sexual and injecting drug practices, with a view to assess the need for introduction of screening program for the new entrants of the armed forces was also studied.Methods
A multi-centric cross sectional serological and behavioural survey was carried out amongst newly enrolled trainees of the Armed Forces in 2004. The group was selected by multistage random sampling giving equal representation to all regions of India. Study subjects were interviewed using a pretested, validated questionnaire and screened for HIV, HBV and HCV infections by rapid tests. Standard confirmatory tests were carried out for trainees testing positive. Quality assurance measures were integral part of each activity. A database was created in MS Access and SPSS ver 11.0.1 was used for analysis.Result
Out of the 23,000 trainees included in the study, 22666 (98.55%) were included in the analysis. The age, formal education and age at first sexual intercourse of participants ranged from 16-25 years (median 20), 8-17 years (median 10) and 12-25 years, respectively. Partial knowledge about routes of spread of HIV was highly prevalent but complete knowledge was extremely low. Per thousand point prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.34-10.3, poisson), 9.31 (8.1-10.65) and 4.44 (3.61-5.39), respectively. Clustering of HIV (4.56 per 1000, 2.19-8.38) and HCV (30.54 per 1000, 23.67-38.78) and a higher number of HCV as compared to HBV was found amongst trainees from northeast. A statistically significant association was found between history of injecting drug use (other than medical) and HCV (p<0.05).Conclusion
Self-exclusion for recruitment as military trainees might have resulted in underestimation of general population figures but results provide region wise estimates unavailable till now. Concerted efforts are required in the current HIV/AIDS program activities to bring about knowledge and behaviour change amongst teenagers and young adults.Key Words: Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Behavioural and sero-surveillance, Epidemiology 相似文献12.
Background
The infectious disease markers for which blood donors are screened include anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test for syphilis and malarial parasites.Methods
A total of 6751 donors were screened over three years to assess the prevalence of infectious disease markers. Screening for anti-HIV I and II, HBsAg and anti-HCV was carried out by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Syphilis was tested using RPR card test. Malarial parasite was tested by detection of genus specific plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase.Result
The overall seropositivity for anti-HIV I and II was nine (0.13%), for HBsAg 67 (0.99%), for anti-HCV 13 (0.19%) and for syphilis 42 (0.62%). No sample showed malarial parasites. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the seropositivity of various markers between voluntary and replacement donors. There was a significant decline (p<0.05) in the prevalence of seropositivity for HCV and syphilis, but not for HIV and HBsAg over the three year period of the study.Conclusion
The prevalence of infectious disease markers was similar to that reported by other studies. However, no significant difference was seen in the marker positivity in voluntary and replacement donors, which is at variance from other studies.Key Words: Infectious disease, Blood donors 相似文献13.
A Banerjee AK Sahni Rajiva A Nagendra GS Saiprasad 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(4):326-329
Background
An outbreak of viral hepatitis occurred in a regimental centre with 265 cases occurring during a 3 months period.Methods
190 serum samples were tested for IgM antibodies against viral hepatitis E by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) and for antibodies against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B viruses. Epidemiological investigation comprised review of surveillance data, filling up epidemiological case sheet, sanitary survey, inspection of water supplies and bacteriological examination of water for coliforms.Result
97.4% of the serum samples were positive for IgM antibodies against Hepatitis E virus. Two leaks were detected in water pipelines, which were passing through contaminated areas around improperly functioning septic tanks and soak pits. The attack rate among recruits being supplied water through leaking pipelines was 11.1% whereas it was 2.89% in those not directly exposed. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Bacteriological examination of water showed a high coliform count.Conclusion
The outbreak of viral hepatitis E occurred due to sewage contamination of water pipelines.Key Words: Hepatitis E, Outbreak 相似文献14.
Background
The main blood borne viruses' viz. hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are a major public health issue, and represent significant causes of morbidity and mortality associated with transfusion. This study analysed the trends of blood borne infections among blood donors in a large blood bank in the last 10 years.Method
Viral screening results of 80,500 voluntary and replacement donations from 2000 to 2009 were analysed. All donations were screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV. The seroprevalence rate of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and 95% confidence interval were calculated.Results
The seroprevalence rate of HBV, HIV, and HCV, decreased during the last 10-years study from 2000 to 2009. There is significant and impressive decrease in HBV seroprevalence rate from 2.39% in 2000 to 1.28% in 2009. The seroprevalence rate of HIV appeared to have decreased with a very significant value from 1.32% to 0.30% in 2009. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence rate showed a slight decline in blood donations from 0.48% in 2001 to 0.22% in 2009.Conclusion
There is a general reduction in the seroprevalence rate of viral infections. This is probably because of discouragement of professional or paid donations; better awareness, better prophylactic measures, and availability of vaccines have played a major role. 相似文献15.
Abdulaziz T. Alshomrani 《Saudi medical journal》2015,36(7):802-806
Objectives:
To calculate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among inpatient heroin users, and to study the relationships between these infections and patient demographics.Methods:
In this retrospective study, heroin users’ inpatient records from the Alamal Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were reviewed for HIV, HBV, and HCV screening results, age, number of admissions, education, and marital and occupational status. The study took place between January 2006 and November 2012. The prevalences of HIV, HBV, and HCV and their associations to demographics were evaluated.Results:
A sample of 357 inpatients Saudi male heroin users (all injectors) aged 40 (±8.6) years with lifetime admissions averaged 5.8 (±5) times were studied. Screening results revealed that 20.1% of subjects were infection-free, 56.6% had a single infection, 13.2% were infected by 2 viruses, and 1.1% were infected by 3 viruses. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen was 7.7%, antibodies for HCV 77.8%, and HIV 9.8%. A significant association was found between positive HCV and positive HIV tests. Furthermore, HCV was more common among patients aged 20-29 years, those who were unemployed, and who had primary, secondary, or postsecondary education. Finally, HBV was associated in patients aged 30-39 years and those with secondary educations.Conclusion:
Contracting serious contagious viral infections is very common among Saudi heroin injectors at rates similar to those seen among injectors in Western countries. Infection control, education, and harm reduction programs are of paramount importance.Substance users are more vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis than the general population.1-3 Specifically, those who inject drugs are at a higher risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections.1 Considering these viruses are blood borne infections, they are transmitted efficiently through sharing of contaminated needles and other injection paraphernalia.4-7 In the United States, approximately 9-12% of new HIV cases8,9 and 50% of new HCV cases10 are associated with illicit injection of drugs. The prevalence of HCV among injecting drug users in the industrialized world is greater than 60%.1-5 In Saudi Arabia, very few studies addressed HIV, HBV, and HCV infections in Saudi heroin users who inject drugs. Njoh and Zimm11 described more than 2000 drug users admitted to an addiction treatment center in Jeddah between January 1995 and May 1996 and found a 0.1% prevalence of HIV. In 1996,12 they found a prevalence of HCV seropositivity of 74.6%. In 1995, at the same treatment center, the HBV surface antigen was positive in 12.6% of 349 screened patients, 80% of whom injected drugs.13 Another screening of 344 Saudi injecting drug users in the eastern region, reported a 38% HCV RNA detection rate, and a 12% HBV DNA detection rates.14 No studies were performed to estimate the prevalence of these viral infections in the central region, and those performed in Jeddah (western Saudi Arabia) are old and may not correctly reflect the current status. In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalences of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections among heroin injectors in the Saudi central region and to explore any significant relationships related to patient demographics. 相似文献16.
A.K. Agarwal Sourav Sen Debabrata Banerjee Rakesh Srivastava A.K. Praharaj 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2015,71(3):225-232
Background
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection which is associated with an increased risk of developing liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral factors that may increase the risk for HCC development include HBV DNA level, genotypes, and naturally occurring mutations such as hepatitis B virus precore (PC) (G1896A) and basal core promoter (BCP) A1762T/G1764A double mutations. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes can significantly influence HBeAg seroconversion rates, viremia levels, mutational patterns that could significantly influence the heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and even response to antiviral therapy.Method
94 CHB infected individuals with detectable serum HBV DNA levels were studied. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc IgM antibody estimations were done by ELISA. HBV DNA estimation was done. The HBV genotypes were determined by TSP-PCR and 10 samples randomly selected for DNA sequencing. PC and BCP mutations were determined by DNA sequence analysis of core region.Result
Of 94 study participant samples with detectable serum HBV DNA levels, 75 were successfully genotyped and sequenced for BCP/PC region. 30/75 (40%) harbored PC and BCP mutations. The total Double mutations of BCP at A1762T/G1764A nucleotide positions, and PC mutation at G1896A nucleotide position were seen in 29.3% and 21.3%, respectively. All 75 isolates were subtype D using TSP-PCR. However, by sequencing 2/10 were subtype A, while 8 were subtype D.Conclusion
Our study reinforces that D is the predominant genotype in Indian population. It reveals that Indian CHB subjects have increased prevalence of BCP & PC mutations, which possibly may lead to development of HCC. 相似文献17.
Background
The incidence of hepatitis-A among adults in India is on the decline as majority develops protective immunity to it by late adolescence. Most of these studies are from northern India. Clinical spectrum of sporadic acute viral hepatitis from southern India has not been well documented.Methods
A prospective hospital based study was conducted in a large military hospital in southern India. 224 consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis were studied for their presentation, etiology and clinical features.Result
Hepatitis-E was detected in 102 (45.4%), hepatitis A in 74 (33%) and hepatitis B in 28 (12.5%) patients. Acute hepatitis C was detected in two patients. 15 patients had a mixed infection. Hepatitis A constituted 41.2% and 31.3% of all cases in the age groups 11-20 and 21-30 years respectively. Cholestasis was present in 68 (30.4%) patients with hepatitis E accounting for most (61.8%) cases. There were four (1.8%) cases of acute liver failure. Two cases were due to hepatitis E and one case each was due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. A relapsing course was seen in four cases due to hepatitis-A.Conclusion
Hepatitis A remains a significant cause of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in young adults in southern India.Key Words: Viral hepatitis, Hepatitis A 相似文献18.
GS Chopra PK Gupta AC Anand PP Varma V Nair Ramji Rai 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2005,61(3):234-237
Background
HBV DNA quantitation is used extensively world wide for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, it has still to be popular in India. The aim of this study was to quantitate HBV – DNA by Real time – PCR method in Hepatitis B and in immuno-compromised patients, to compare the results with HBeAg detection and to monitor the response to therapy of chronic Hepatitis B patients to antivirals.Methods
Ninety one serum samples of Hepatitis group of patients (all HBsAg positive), 41 samples from immuno-compromised patients (all HBsAg negative) and 49 patients of Chronic Hepatitis B group (all HBsAg positive) were the subjects of this first ever study in Armed Forces. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients served as negative controls. The amplification detection was carried out in a Rotor-Gene 2000-sequence detectorResults
Amongst Hepatitis B group, 33% (30/91) of the samples were positive for HBV-DNA and 26% (24/91) of samples were positive for HBeAg. In the immuno-compromised group of patients 14.6% (6/11) of samples were positive for HIV-DNA and 9.7% (4/41) were positive for HBeAg. Of the Chronic Hepatitis B patients on treatment, all (100%) were positive by HBV-DNA, whereas 29/49 (59.2%) were positive by HBeAg before treatment. After treatment with antivirals, 06/49 (12.2%) were positive by both tests and 11/49 (22.5%) were positive only by HBV-DNA. 32/49 (65.3%) patients became negative serologically after therapy.Conclusion
HBeAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV-DNA level in the serum, as 10/91 (11%) in the Hepatitis B group, 2/41 (4.9%) in the immuno compromised group and 20/49 (40.8%) patients in the Chronic Hepatitis B group were positive for HBV-DNA but negative for HBeAg. HBV-DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time – PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV-DNA quantitation and may be started in Armed Forces referral centers in the near future.Key Words: Real time – PCR, Chronic Hepatitis B, HBV – DNA, Antivirals 相似文献19.
Background
Transfusion transmitted hepatitis B has always been a dreaded disease, with incidence of increased transmission through donated blood. The screening test for hepatitis B infection is detection of HBsAg that does not rule out the risk of transmission of hepatitis B as the donor may be in the ‘window period’. During this period, detection of the antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) IgM type serves as a useful serological marker. The aim of this study was to screen blood donors for anti-HBc type IgM and anti - HBc Ag total for detection and to find their incidence amongst blood donors.Methods
2552 voluntary blood donors were screened by the ELISA method for HBsAg and anti - HBc IgM and other mandatory screening markers. 704 of the test blood samples were also screened for anti-HBc total.Result
Of the 2552 donor, 47 (1.84 %) cases were HBsAg positive. A total of 11 (0.43 %) blood units were reactive for HBcAg IgM and of these, 10 (0.39 %) were HBsAg negative and reactive for anti-HBcAg IgM. Of the 704 samples tested for anti - HBcAg total, 112 (15.9%) samples were reactive.Conclusion
Screening of blood for anti-HBc total is practical in the western world as the incidence of HBsAg and anti-HBc is low in these countries and these positive blood units for anti - HBcAg total can be discarded. This may not be practical in India as the incidence of anti- HBcAg total is high in our population. It is recommended that all blood units should be tested for anti - HBc IgM for infectivity status of the blood donors in the window period and to discard blood if positive.Key Words: Window period, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Anti hepatitis B core antigen 相似文献20.