醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿上呼吸道感染伴腹痛腹泻的效果及作用分析

目的探讨醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿上呼吸道感染伴腹痛腹泻的效果及其作用机制。方法选取2013年5月至2015年8月就诊的102例上呼吸道感染伴腹痛腹泻患儿为受试对象,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各51例。对照组予以常规上呼吸道感染治疗+口服蒙脱石散,治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础上口服醒脾养儿颗粒,5 d后比较2组治疗前、后相关指标[血清胃泌素(GAS)、血浆胃动素(MOT)、生长抑素(SS)]水平的变化情况,临床疗效及症状缓解时间。结果治疗组总有效率为95.7%,明显高于对照组的73.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,2组血清GAS、血浆MOT水平均较同组治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P0.05);SS水平较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组止泻时间、大便性状好转时间、脱水症状缓解时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论醒脾养儿颗粒治疗上呼吸道感染伴腹痛腹泻患儿,不仅能缩短症状改善时间,而且可提高临床疗效。     

醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻40例临床观察

目的 探讨醒脾养儿颗粒对小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床应用价值。方法 选取南阳市卧龙区妇幼保健院收治的肺炎继发性腹泻患儿80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组应用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗,对照组进行常规治疗。对比两组的临床疗效及症状缓解速度等。结果 观察组的总有效率为95.0%,对照组为70.0%,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿各项症状缓解的时间(退热时间、呕吐改善时间、腹泻改善时间)以及治愈时间均短于对照组,且治疗过程中无不良反应。结论 醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻,见效快、疗效好,使用安全。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒在小儿消化不良性腹泻治疗中的价值。方法按研究对象选取标准对我院2011年9月至2016年5月间药物治疗的小儿消化不良性腹泻患者筛选79例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组。分别口服酪酸梭菌活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒和蒙脱石散联合复合维生素B片予以治疗,并对其疗效、安全性、症状改善时间及胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)和生长抑素(SS)水平等客观指标进行组间比较及数据分析。结果 2组总有效率分别为95%和82%,观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);不良反应发生率分别为12%和23%,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组腹泻、腹痛、腹胀、食欲、大便性状及排便次数明显改善时间分别为(2.3±1.6)d、(2.2±1.5)d、(3.6±1.2)d、(7.5±1.9)d、(3.8±1.2)d和(4.5±1.4)d均显著短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组GAS、MOT、SS的值分别为(93±36)ng/L、(426±87)ng/L和(49±14)ng/L均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻的疗效显著,安全性高,症状改善快,客观指标改善明显,具有推广价值。     

醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效。方法 68例小儿肺炎继发性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组与对照组,各34例,对照组给予基础治疗(口服双歧三联活菌片),观察组在此基础上加服醒脾养儿颗粒,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果观察组患儿的临床症状改善时间与治愈时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的治疗总有效率为97.1%,对照组总有效率为73.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效显著,值得在临床中推广。     

醒脾养儿颗粒联合西药治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻40例简

目的观察醒脾养儿颗粒联合用药治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻患儿的临床疗效。方法将80例小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的患儿分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上加用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗,比较两组疗效。结果观察组的总有效率为 97. 50%,显著高于对照组的75. 00%（P〈0. 05）,腹泻改善时间、呕吐改善时间、退热时间、治愈时间均显著少于对照组（P〈0. 05）。两组治疗期间均未见明显不良反应。结论醒脾养儿颗粒联合西药治疗小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的疗效较好,能迅速缓解患儿症状,且未见不良反应。     

醒脾养儿颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻效果观察

目的:探讨醒脾养儿颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻效果。方法:选择2016年1月～2019年5月某院收治60例小儿消化不良性腹泻作为研究对象,按随机双盲法分为对照组与研究组,各30例。对照组采取醒脾养儿颗粒治疗,研究组采取醒脾养儿颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗,对比两组患儿疗效、临床症状及肠胃功能情况。结果:研究组临床总有疗效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患儿腹泻、腹痛、食欲不振以及大便性状改善时间均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前两组患儿胃动素、胃泌素以及生长抑素比较,差异无统计学价值(P0.05);治疗后研究组胃动素、生长抑素水平均高于对照组,研究组胃泌素水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脾养儿颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻效果显著,有利于缓解患儿腹泻、腹痛等临床症状,促进肠胃功能恢复正常。     

补中益气颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌片治疗儿童肺炎继发腹泻脾胃虚弱型35例临床观察

目的观察补中益气颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌片治疗儿童肺炎继发腹泻脾胃虚弱型的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月至2018年4月在浙江中医药大学附属第三医院儿科门诊及住院部就诊的肺炎继发腹泻脾胃虚弱型患儿70例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,各35例。对照组予常规抗感染对症治疗,口服酪酸梭菌活菌片;治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础上口服补中益气颗粒治疗,2组均连续治疗1周后统计疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为94.29%,明显高于对照组的77.14%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,2组血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)及生长抑素(SS)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性;治疗后,2组血清GAS、MOT水平均下降,SS水平上升,与同组治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组上升/下降更显著(P0.05)。结论补中益气颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌片能提高肺炎继发腹泻脾胃虚弱型患儿的临床疗效,降低血清GAS、MOT水平,提高SS水平,值得临床推广应用。     

热毒宁注射液联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿秋季腹泻临床观察

目的:观察热毒宁注射液联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗小儿秋季腹泻临床效果.方法:选取90例秋季腹泻患儿,随机分为两组,即对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=45),对照组采用利巴韦林注射液进行治疗,研究组在此基础上采用热毒宁注射液联合醒脾养儿颗粒进行治疗,对比两组治疗效果.结果:对照组治疗总有效率为77.78％,研究组为95.56％,研究组明显较高,差异显著(P<0.05);相比对照组,研究组退热时间、排便次数恢复正常时间以及大便性状恢复正常时间均明显缩短,差异显著(P<0.05).两组患儿在治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应,对照组有1例出现轻微呕吐感,静脉滴注速度减缓后,症状消失,观察组则无任何症状发生.结论:热毒宁注射液联合醒脾养儿颗粒是治疗小儿秋季腹泻的安全、有效方法,临床价值值得肯定.     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻的疗效观察

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取淮安市淮安医院2015年1月—2017年1月收治的婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻患儿108例,随机分成对照组(54例)与治疗组(54例)。对照组患儿口服醒脾养儿颗粒,0~1岁1 g/次,2次/d;1~2岁2 g/次,2次/d;2~3岁4 g/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散,0~1岁0.5 g/次,3次/d;1~3岁1 g/次,3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗7 d。评价两组患儿临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患儿症状体征消失时间和大便次数。结果治疗后,对照组患儿总有效率为75.93%,显著低于治疗组的90.74%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组循环不良、呕吐和腹泻消失时间比对照组显著缩短,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。在第3、5、7天治疗组大便次数显著少于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻可有效缓解临床症状体征、提高临床疗效,且安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏的效果分析

目的 分析醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏的效果。方法94例牛奶蛋白过敏患儿,使用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组47例。对照组采用孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上应用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效以及炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、免疫因子(CD8⁺、CD4⁺)水平。结果在总有效率比较中,研究组95.74%高于对照组的80.85%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组IL-6、TNF-α水平分别为(7.65±2.03)、(6.28±1.50)pg/ml,较对照组的(15.20±3.05)、(13.23±2.45)pg/ml低(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组CD4⁺水平(48.68±5.50)%较对照组的(44.50±4.86)%高,CD8⁺水平(25.05±2.02)%较对照组的(28.64±3.05)%低(P<0.05)。结论醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏效果确切可以有效抑制患儿的炎症...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.