导乐式陪伴分娩在临床中的应用

目的 探讨导乐式陪伴分娩在临产中的临床效果.方法 本组初产妇150例,将要求导乐式陪伴分娩产妇60例作为试验组,其余90例自然临产而不要求导乐陪伴分娩者作为对照组,由专人负责观察产程情况.观察2组产程时间和阴道分娩率.结果 试验组各产程时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组阴道分娩率为83.3%高于对照组的50.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在产程中应用导乐式陪伴分娩能使产妇建立起自然分娩的信心,战胜疼痛,达到自然分娩,从而降低剖宫产率.     

导乐式陪伴分娩在临床中的应用

目的探讨导乐式陪伴分娩在临产中的临床效果。方法本组初产妇150例,将要求导乐式陪伴分娩产妇60例作为试验组,其余90例自然临产而不要求导乐陪伴分娩者作为对照组,由专人负责观察产程情况。观察2组产程时间和阴道分娩率。结果试验组各产程时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。试验组阴道分娩率为83．3％高于对照组的50．0％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在产程中应用导乐式陪伴分娩能使产妇建立起自然分娩的信心,战胜疼痛,达到自然分娩,从而降低剖宫产率。     

导乐陪伴分娩对产科质量的影响

目的探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产妇产程、分娩结局、产后出血及新生儿窒息、母乳喂养的影响。方法选导乐陪伴分娩产妇150例为试验组,同期非导乐陪伴分娩的产妇150例为对照组,比较两组产妇产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血、产妇泌乳始动时间、对助产士的满意度、新生儿窒息等情况。结果导乐陪伴分娩能够缩短产程,提高阴道分娩率,降低剖宫产率,减少产后出血,产妇泌乳始动时间提前;对助产士满意度提高,新生儿窒息情况两组无明显差异。结论导乐陪伴分娩是坚持以人为本的护理模式,提高了产科的质量,在确保母婴安全方面效果明显,值得进一步全面推广。     

导乐陪伴分娩对初产妇分娩方式、产时及产后出血的影响

目的探讨导乐陪伴分娩对初产妇分娩方式、产时及产后出血的影响。方法回顾性分析本院2011年1～12月根据产妇及家属意愿采用心理护理与导乐陪伴分娩和采用无专人陪伴传统助产方式分娩的初产妇各200例的资料,将200例愿意实施导乐陪伴分娩的初产妇作为观察组,将200例未实施导乐陪伴分娩的初产妇作为对照组。将两组产妇的分娩方式、产程时间和出血量进行比较。结果两组产妇正常产,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)、产程时间和产后出血量,观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论对产妇实施导乐陪伴分娩加强心理支持,可有效地减轻产妇的紧张和恐惧感,使产妇充满信心,充分发挥自己的能力,积极配合分娩,提高自然分娩率,缩短了总产程,减少了产后出血。     

导乐陪伴分娩对产科质量的影响

目的 探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产妇产程、分娩结局、产后出血及新生儿窒息、母乳喂养的影响.方法 选导乐陪伴分娩产妇150例为试验组,同期非导乐陪伴分娩的产妇150例为对照组,比较两组产妇产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血、产妇泌乳始动时间、对助产士的满意度、新生儿窒息等情况.结果 导乐陪伴分娩能够缩短产程,提高阴道分娩率,降低剖宫产率,减少产后出血,产妇泌乳始动时间提前;对助产士满意度提高,新生儿窒息情况两组无明显差异.结论 导乐陪伴分娩是坚持以人为本的护理模式,提高了产科的质量,在确保母婴安全方面效果明显,值得进一步伞面推广.     

导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量的影响

目的探讨实施导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量的影响。方法将本院2010年3月至2011年3月间入院的181例孕产妇按照自愿性随机分为两组,即对照组90例与观察组91例。对照组采用医院常规妇产科护理形式。观察组则使用导乐陪伴分娩的方法。对两组孕产妇分娩方式,产程时间,产后出血量及新生儿窒息情况进行回顾性对比分析。结果对照组自然分娩率为61.1%,观察组为91.1%。总产程,产后2h出血量,剖宫产率,新生儿窒息率等观察组均低于对照组,且结果(P<0.05)具有统计学意义。结论实施导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量有着重要的影响。此方法能显著加强产妇自然分娩的信心,使其有效缩短产程,降低并发症发生率以及剖宫产率。故此方法值得推广应用。     

导乐陪伴分娩对产科质量的影响

目的 探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产妇产程、分娩结局、产后出血及新生儿窒息、母乳喂养的影响.方法 选导乐陪伴分娩产妇150例为试验组,同期非导乐陪伴分娩的产妇150例为对照组,比较两组产妇产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血、产妇泌乳始动时间、对助产士的满意度、新生儿窒息等情况.结果 导乐陪伴分娩能够缩短产程,提高阴道分娩率,降低剖宫产率,减少产后出血,产妇泌乳始动时间提前;对助产士满意度提高,新生儿窒息情况两组无明显差异.结论 导乐陪伴分娩是坚持以人为本的护理模式,提高了产科的质量,在确保母婴安全方面效果明显,值得进一步伞面推广.     

拉玛泽减痛分娩法配合前倾式坐位护理的效果观察

目的 探讨拉玛泽减痛分娩法配合前倾式坐位护理的效果.方法 随机选取产科建卡、住院分娩且经阴道试产的初产妇500例,随机分为观察组和对照组各250例,进行比较观察,对照组采取常规一对一导乐陪伴分娩,观察组在导乐陪伴分娩的基础上采用拉玛泽减痛分娩法,并于宫颈扩张期配合应用前倾式坐位护理.观察比较两组产妇分娩方式、自然分娩时间、分娩疼痛的程度、产后出血量以及新生儿窒息发生率等 结果 观察组第一、第二产程以压总产程时间均明显短于对照组;自然分娩率高于对照组;产后出血和新生儿窒息减少.结论 拉玛泽减痛分娩法配合前倾式坐位护理能减轻分娩疼痛、缩短产程、提高自然分娩率,减少产后出血以及新生儿窒息的发生等.     

导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量影响的临床观察

目的探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量的影响。方法 156例初产妇随机分为观察组和对照组,每组78例,观察组实施导乐陪伴分娩,对照组采用妇产科常规护理方式,比较两组分娩方式、总产程、产后2 h出血量及新生儿Apgar评分情况。结果观察组和对照组的自然分娩率分别为94.87%、88.46%,观察组自然分娩率高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总产程短于对照组,出血量少于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实施导乐陪伴分娩对产妇分娩质量有重要的影响,其有利于缩短产程、提高自然分娩率、降低剖宫产率、减少产后出血量、提高新生儿Apgar评分,值得临床使用。     

导乐分娩在分娩过程中的临床应用研究

目的:分析分娩过程中应用导乐分娩的效果。方法:随机选择2014年6月~2015年6月来本院分娩的产妇80例(实验组),在其分娩过程中应用导乐分娩,另选取80例传统分娩的产妇(对照组),观察两组产妇自然分娩率,记录两组产妇各个产程时间。结果:实验组产妇自然分娩率高于对照组,第一产程、第二产程时间低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);第三产程时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:产妇分娩过程中,应用导乐分娩后,可提高自然分娩率,缩短总产程时间。     

Advanced delivery of Ciclosporin A: present state and perspective

Ciclosporin A has been used as an immunosuppressor for organ transplantation and other autoimmune disorders for a number of years. Its poor biopharmaceutical characteristics of low solubility and permeability makes the uphill task of designing delivery systems even more challenging for the drug delivery scientist. Works have been performed to investigate administration through various body routes, and have employed approaches that use as emulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, physical and chemical penetration enhancers. Although progress has been made, there is still room for improvement in the application of ciclosporin A, as none of these formulations is ideal.     

Patent focus on drug delivery: June - November 1999

The article highlights the most recent disclosures in the field of drug formulation and delivery for the period June - November 1999. The limited number of patents published in this period in the field of drug delivery focus on the delivery of the newer biopharmaceuticals such as genes and vaccines. In addition patents on novel vectors for drug delivery are highlighted - these concentrate on biological-based systems rather than polymeric systems which have been of particular interest over recent years.     

Controlled release systems for insulin delivery

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of mortality in industrialised countries, and insulin has remained indispensable in the treatment of diabetes mellitus since its discovery. Generally, patients with diabetes mellitus need a relatively constant basal insulin supply to mimic a near-normal physiological pattern of insulin secretion. However, as a consequence of very short in vivo half-lifes, poor oral bioavailability and current lack of alternative delivery routes, insulin requires single or multiple daily subcutaneous injections to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, which is inconvenient and painful and with poor patient compliance. Therefore, there is a need for insulin delivery systems that have the capability of releasing the loaded insulin at a controlled and sustained rate for a prolonged period. This review examines recent (2000 – 2004) patents on the controlled release systems for insulin delivery, including those for injectable, oral, pulmonary and transdermal delivery, and the glucose-responsive controlled-release systems.     

On the Suitability of Porcine Labial Mucosa as a Model for Buccal Mucosal Drug Delivery Research

Contrary to human, porcine mucosa of the inner side of the lip is parakeratinized. Thus, although desirable due to its large surface area, it does not closely resemble human buccal mucosa to be considered a suitable model for systemic drug delivery research. Nevertheless, it can be utilized for comparative screening of topical or systemic delivery of bioactive agents, mostly lipophilic such as cannabinoids.     

泊洛沙姆407在制剂中的应用进展

泊洛沙姆407是医药领域应用非常广泛的一种辅料.本文主要介绍了泊洛沙姆407的理化性质,总结了其在眼部给药、经皮给药、直肠给药、阴道给药、注射给药中的应用情况、存在的问题和发展前景.     

脉冲释药系统的新进展

综述近年来脉冲释药系统的新进展。脉冲释药系统是一种按照生理节律设计、定时定量脉冲式释放有效治疗量药物的剂型。根据剂型设计原理和药物释药机制,将脉冲释药系统分为预设药物传递系统、闭环反馈型传递系统和开环传递系统三大类。     

Biomaterials-based nanofiber scaffold: targeted and controlled carrier for cell and drug delivery

Nanofiber scaffold formulations (diameter less than 1000?nm) were successfully used to deliver the drug/cell/gene into the body organs through different routes for an effective treatment of various diseases. Various fabrication methods like drawing, template synthesis, fiber-mesh, phase separation, fiber-bonding, self-assembly, melt-blown, and electrospinning are successfully used for fabrication of nanofibers. These formulations are widely used in various fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, cosmetics, as filter media, protective clothing, wound dressing, homeostatic, sensor devices, etc. The present review gives a detailed account on the need of the nanofiber scaffold formulation development along with the biomaterials and techniques implemented for fabrication of the same against innumerable diseases. At present, there is a huge extent of research being performed worldwide on all aspects of biomolecules delivery. The unique characteristics of nanofibers such as higher loading efficiency, superior mechanical performance (stiffness and tensile strength), controlled release behavior, and excellent stability helps in the delivery of plasmid DNA, large protein drugs, genetic materials, and autologous stem-cell to the target site in the future.     

鼻脑递送给药装置技术要点探讨及监管考量

针对越来越迫切的脑部疾病治疗需求,鼻脑递送技术利用鼻腔与脑组织间特殊的生理连接,避开血脑屏障、肝脏首过效应等生理因素,采用非侵入性给药方式将治疗脑部疾病的药物直接递送入脑,发挥治疗作用,为解决日益严重的脑部疾病问题提供了新的可能。本文在分析鼻脑递送生理特点和优势的基础上,重点梳理了近年来鼻脑递送给药装置方面的最新研究进展,探讨此类特殊装置的技术关键点,并结合国内外研发及产业现状提出监管考量,以期为鼻脑递送技术的深入发展和更为广阔的应用提供建议。     

Archaeosomes: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery

Archaeosomes as liposomes made with one or more ether lipids that are unique to the domain of Archaeobacteria, found in Archaea constitute a novel family of liposome. Achaean-type lipids consist of archaeol (diether) and/or caldarchaeol (tetraether) core structures. Archaeosomes can be produced using standard procedures (hydrated film submitted to sonication, extrusion and detergent dialysis) at any temperature in the physiological range or lower, therefore making it possible to encapsulate thermally stable compounds. Various physiological as well as environmental factors affect its stability. Archaeosomes are widely used as drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, Chagas disease, proteins and peptides, gene delivery, antigen delivery and delivery of natural antioxidant compounds. In this review article, our major aim was to explore the applications of this new carrier system in pharmaceutical field.     

Advances in ocular drug delivery: emphasis on the posterior segment

Introduction: Recent advances in pharmacological therapies to treat ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and retinal vascular occlusions have greatly improved the prognosis for these diseases. Due to these advances in pharmacological therapy, there is a great deal of interest in minimally invasive delivery methods, which has generated rapid developments in the field of ocular drug delivery.

Areas covered: This review will summarize currently available and recent developments for ocular drug delivery to both the anterior and posterior segments. Modes of delivery, including topical, systemic, transcleral/periocular and intravitreal, will be discussed and corresponding examples will be given. This review will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of delivery and discuss strategies to address these issues.

Expert opinion: An ideal therapy should maintain effective levels of drug for the intended duration of treatment following a single application, yet a significant number of months of therapy may be required. There are numerous approaches under investigation to improve treatment options. From the use of novel biomaterial implants and depots for sustained release, to prodrug formations, to iontophoresis to improve drug delivery, the main emphasis will continue to be placed on less invasive, longer acting, sustained release formulations in the treatment of numerous ocular disorders.