来曲唑联合拮抗剂方案对体外受精-胚胎移植中低反应患者有效性的Meta分析

目的系统评价来曲唑＋促性腺激素释放激素拈抗剂方案对体外受精一胚胎移植（IVF—ET）中低反虚患者促排卵的有效性。方法计算机检索VIP、CNKI、PubMed、EMbase和FMJS,收集有关来曲唑＋拮抗剂方案对体外受精一胚胎移植低反应患者促排卵有效性的随机对照试验或临床对照试验。南2位评价员根据纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan5．0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入6个研究,共977例患者。Meta分析结果显示：对体外受精一胚胎移植中低反应患者,来曲唑＋拮抗剂方案与对照组相比,Gn用量[MD=-8．05,95％CI（-13．67,-2．43）,P=0．005]、HCG日E,值[MD=-1026．41,95％CI（-1949．61,-103．20）,P=0．03]均小于对照组;而两组获卵数[MD=-0．61,95％CI（-2．41,-1．19）,P=0．51]和临床妊娠率[OR=1．03,95％CI（O．53,2．02）,P=0．92]无明显差异。结论对IVF—ET低反应患者促排卵治疗的有效性而言,来曲唑十拮抗剂方案较对照组I旆床结局无明娃改善,但能减少Gn用量,降低IVF治疗费用。来曲唑十拈抗剂方案为卵巢低反应患者提供了另一种临床选择。、由于纳入文献存在质量和数量不足以及方法学差异,建议本研究结论仅作为临床分析的参考,尚需后效评价和不断更新。     

小剂量生长激素对卵巢低反应患者超促排卵的影响

目的：探讨小剂量生长激素对卵巢低反应患者超促排卵治疗的影响。方法：分析2005年1月-006年12月在本院生殖中心接受体外受精或单精子卵浆内注射-胎移植的50例卵巢低反应患者。50例均使用短方案超促排卵治疗，根据是否同时加用生长激素分为研究组和对照组，探讨生长激素对促性腺激素用量、促排卵天数、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、种植率、临床妊娠率的影响。结果：促性腺激素用量、促排卵天数、注射HCG日E2水平、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率两组比较均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；而研究组种植率、临床妊娠率（40％）明显高于对照组（25％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：小剂量生长激素对卵巢低反应患者超促排卵治疗，可显著提高种植率、临床妊娠率。     

GnRH—a长方案与改良短方案对IVF—ET妊娠结局的影响

[目的]探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）长方案与改良短方案控制性促排卵（COH）对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）妊娠结局的影响.[方法]回顾性分析因单纯输卵管因素首次接受体外受精的取卵周期648例临床资料,其中长方案组390例,改良短方案组258例.比较两组促排卵后激素水平、子宫内膜厚度、促性腺激素（Gn）使用剂量、COH天数、取卵数及妊娠结局.[结果]两组注射绒促性素当天（HCG日）雌、孕激素水平、卵子受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、移植胚胎个数比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,长方案组在Gn使用量、COH天数、取卵数、HCG日子宫内膜厚度及胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率均高于改良短方案组（P〈0.01）,而HCG日LH水平低于改良短方案组（P〈0.01）.[结论]在控制性促排卵中长方案获卵数、胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率较改良短方案高,可作为单纯输卵管因素不孕患者IVF-ET治疗的首选促排卵方案.     

体外受精-胚胎移植者体质量指数对妊娠结局的影响

背景:超重及肥胖对体外受精-胚胎移植的妊娠结局是否存在影响目前尚无统一定论.目的:验证体外受精-胚胎移植者体质量指数对其妊娠结局足否有影响.方法:选择体外受精-胚胎移植女性患者184例,按体质量指数分为3组:偏瘦组(体质量指数<18.5 kg/m2)、正常体质量组(18.5 kg/m2≤体质量指数<24 kg/m2)、超重及肥胖组(体质量指数≥24 kg/m2).对患者实施超促排卵方案,体外受精、胚胎移植及妊娠的确定等均按本中心工作常规进行.比较3组患者促性腺激素片j药天数和剂量、人绒毛膜促性腺激素注射日雌二醇水平、获卵数、受精率、优胚率、种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率的差别.结果与结论:在促性腺激素用量上,超重及肥胖组用量明显高于其他两组(P<0.05),且随着体质量指数的升高,促性腺激素用量随之增加.3组在促性腺激素刺激天数、人绒毛膜促性腺激素注射日雌二醇水平、获卵数、受精率、优胚率、种植率、临床妊娠率及流产率间差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05).说明在进行体外受精-胚胎移植促排卵过程中,超重及肥胖患者与正常体质量及偏瘦患者相比,需要更大的促性腺激素用量;但在妊娠结局方面,超重及肥胖对体外受精-胚胎移植的结局无显著影响.     

重组人生长激素对POR/DOR患者IVF-ET周期取消率及妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨重组人生长激素（r-hGH）对卵巢低反应（POR）/卵巢储备功能减退（DOR）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）周期取消率及妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取2022年1月至2023年1月在郑州大学第二附属医院行IVF-ET治疗的80例POR/DOR患者为研究对象,采用随机分层化法随机分为常规组（40例）和激素组（40例）。常规组给予常规促排卵治疗,激素组在常规基础上加用r-hGH治疗。观察比较两组患者人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）注射日的促排卵相关指标[雌二醇（E2）、黄体生成素（LH）水平和子宫内膜厚度]、促性腺激素（Gn）使用情况（Gn启动量、使用时间、总剂量）、胚胎情况[获卵数、成熟卵数（MⅡ）、正常受精数（2PN）、可移植胚胎数、优质胚胎数],统计妊娠结局（早期流产率、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率）及IVF-ET周期取消率。结果：HCG注射日激素组E2水平较常规组明显更高,LH、FSH水平均较常规组明显更低,子宫内膜厚度较常规组明显更厚（P<0.05）;治疗期间激素组Gn的启动量、总剂量和总使用天数均较常规组明显更少（P<0.05）;在胚胎发育第3天,激素组获卵总数...     

长方案中短效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂使用时间对临床结局的影响

目的 探讨短效曲普瑞林长方案中不同卵泡大小停用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）方案的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析2012年11月－2013年1月期间,行体外受精/卵胞浆单精子注射助孕,年龄＜40岁妇女,排除卵巢储备功能低下、多囊卵巢综合征以及既往有卵巢手术和卵巢反应不良史者,共收集358个周期的临床资料,根据停用GnRH-a时主导卵泡大小分为＜14 mm和≥14 mm两组。 结果 早期停用GnRH-a组患者控制性促排卵（COH）中促性腺激素用量及使用时间高于晚期停用GnRH-a组（P＜0.05）;但两组患者HCG日雌二醇、孕酮、早发孕酮峰发生率及获卵数、优胚数、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率和活产率等临床结局差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 对于接受短效GnRH-a长方案患者,COH过程中表现为卵巢慢反应者早期停用GnRH-a可有效维持垂体降调节,且不影响临床妊娠结局。     

IVF-ET中超长方案降调节后两种促排卵方案临床疗效比较

【目的】探讨在体外受精‐胚胎移植（IVF‐ET ）治疗中采用超常方案降调节后分别使用尿源性卵泡刺激素（u‐FSH）和基因重组FSH（r‐FSH）联合尿促性腺激素（HMG）促排后的临床结局。【方法】回顾性分析2013年1～12本院生殖中心559例接受IVF或卵胞浆单精子注射（ICSI）助孕治疗的临床结局。【结果】两组患者促性腺激素（gonadotropin ,Gn）天数、Gn使用剂量,获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、妊娠率、可利用胚胎数、种植率、流产率、异位妊娠率、卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）发生率均无显著差异（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】IVF‐ET中超长方案降调节后u‐FSH联合HMG和r‐FSH联合 HMG促排卵的效果相当。     

促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂在体外受精-胚胎移植中有效性的系统性评价

目的系统性评价促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）拮抗剂在体外受精-胚胎移植治疗中的有效性。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库（1979～2010）、万方数据库（1994～2010）、中国学术期刊网专题全文数据库（1994～2010）、中国生物医学期刊数据库（1989～2010）和PubMed（1997～2010）、ProQust MedicalLibrary（1997～2010）、外文生物医学期刊文献数据库（2000～2010）,并手检相关杂志,查找GnRH拮抗剂与GnRH激动剂比较在体外受精-胚胎移植治疗中有效性的随机对照试验。按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、评价质量后进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个RCT,合计1208例患者,其方法学质量均为B级。Meta分析结果显示：与GnRH激动剂组相比,GnRH拮抗组刺激天数[WMD=–1.07,95%CI（–1.38,–0.76）]和获卵数[WMD=–1.80,95%CI（–2.48,–1.12）]均更低,差异有统计学意义;而在Gn量[WMD=–0.49,95%CI（–1.63,0.66）]、HCG日子宫内膜厚度[WMD=–0.09,95%CI（–0.42,0.24）]、妊娠率[Peto OR=0.83,95%CI（0.65,1.05）]、OHSS率[PetoOR=0.77,95%CI（0.35,1.72）]和流产率[Peto OR=1.49,95%CI（0.79,2.82）]上,两组差异均无统计学意义。结论 GnRH拮抗剂较之GnRH激动剂刺激天数短,所需Gn量少,不明显影响妊娠率,同时可减少OHSS的发生,临床上使用相对灵活,具有较好的接受性,为体外受精-胚胎移植超促排卵治疗提供了另一种选择。受纳入研究质量和例数限制,上述结论尚需开展更多设计严谨的多中心、大样本随机对照试验予以证实和更新。     

卵巢低反应患者不同剂量促性腺激素促排卵对体外受精结局的影响

目的 探讨卵巢低反应患者不同的促性腺激素(Gn)用量和促排卵方案对体外受精(IVF)妊娠结局的影响.方法 收集2009年1月至2010年8月在武汉大学人民医院生殖中心接受体外受精.胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的213例卵巢低反应不孕患者的资料,将年龄进行分层分析,年龄≤30岁、30～35岁、>35岁三个年龄段中,按Gn的用量分成Gn总量<50支组和Gn总量≥50支组;根据促排卵方案分为三组:长方案组、短方案组和超长方案组,回顾性分析其临床妊娠率和周期取消率.结果 年龄分层分析中,Gn用量<50支组与(Gn总量≥50支组比较,基础促卵泡激素(bFSH)、雌二醇(E2)峰值、受精率、周期取消率和临床妊娠率均无统计学差异(P>0.05);超长方案组的种植率(26.85%)和临床妊娠率(45%)高于长方案和短方案组,周期取消率也较低,但无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 加大Gn剂量不能改善卵巢低反应患者的临床结局,故不可盲目增加卵巢低反应患者Gn的用量,以增加患者的经济负担.     

GnRH—a低剂量长周期对子宫内膜异位症患者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症患者体外受精—胚胎移植前应用低剂量促性腺激素释放激素激动剂2个周期对治疗结局的影响。方法子宫内膜异位症患者为A组（25周期）体外受精-胚胎移植前每28d应用1．80mg促性腺激素释放激素激动剂,共2个周期,因输卵管因素而行GnRH-a标准长方案患者为B组（90周期）,比较两组促排前E2、LH的水平,HCG日E2、LH水平、P值,出现LH峰的比率,促性腺激素用量、促排天数、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率。结果1．80mg促性腺激素释放激素激动剂预处理组无LH峰的出现,也未出现降调过度,促性腺激素用量显著高于常规GnRH—a长方案组,而促排天数、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率无显著性差异。结论与传统方法相比,应用1．80mgGnRH-a预处理子宫内膜异位症患者2个月,不影响体外受精-胚胎移植的临床妊娠率,同时缩短了治疗时间,降低了患者的费用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.