新发、复发及慢性肺结核CT征象的比较研究

目的 探讨不同类型活动性肺结核的CT表现特征.方法 搜集新发活动性肺结核51例,复发肺结核54例,慢性肺结核34例全部行螺旋CT检查,对比观察三种活动性肺结核的CT征象表现异同.结果 活动性CT征象：毛玻璃阴影、节段性分布小叶中心结节影、树芽征、肺实变和厚壁空洞在新发肺结核检出率分别为88.2%、82.4%、66.7%、27.5%和37.3%;复发肺结核分别为92.6%、72.2%、59.3%、33.3%和24.1%;慢性迁延性肺结核分别为38.2%、41.2%、32.3%、8.8%和76.4%.毛玻璃阴影和节段性分布小叶中心结节影、树芽征和肺实变的检出率在新发与复发病例间无显著差异性P＞0.05,均明显高于慢性肺结核（P＜0.01）.而慢性肺结核厚壁空洞均高于新发和复发病例（P＜0.01）;非活动性CT征象：纤维索条影和支气管聚拢迂曲在新发肺结核检出率分别为5.9%和17.6%;在复发肺结核分别为48.1%和40.7%;在慢性肺结核分别为88.2%和85.3%.3组间均有显著性差异.结论 活动性CT征象在新发和复发活动性肺结核和慢性肺结核检出率不尽相同,CT有助于肺结核活动性的判断.但尚需密切结合临床和痰菌检查.     

31例活动性肺结核治疗前及治愈后的CT征象分析

目的探讨抗结核疗前及治愈后活动性肺结核CT征象的变化特点。方法选取临床治愈的活动性肺结核31例,对比观察活动性肺结核的CT征象转归表现。结果肺结核活动性CT征象治愈前检出率为100.0%,治疗后检出率为35.5%。活动性CT征象中毛玻璃阴影、节段分布小叶中心结节影、小叶样实变影、树芽征、支气管壁增厚、厚壁空洞和肺实变治疗前检出率分别为87.1%、80.6%、80.1%、61.3%、58.1%、48.4%和32.3%、,治愈后检出率分别为0、19.4%、0、0、12.9%、0和3.2%。治疗前活动性肺结核CT检查可检出多种活动性影像,而疗程结束后上述征象减少并多以单发为主,两者有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论CT检查有助于活动性肺结核治疗疗效的判定,并具有较高的敏感度,但特异度较低。     

31例活动性肺结核治疗前及治愈后的CT征象分析

目的 探讨抗结核疗前及治愈后活动性肺结核CT征象的变化特点.方法 选取临床治愈的活动性肺结核31例,对比观察活动性肺结核的CT征象转归表现.结果 肺结核活动性CT征象治愈前检出率为100.0%,治疗后检出率为35.5%.活动性CT征象中毛玻璃阴影、节段分布小叶中心结节影、小叶样实变影、树芽征、支气管壁增厚、厚壁空洞和肺实变治疗前检出率分别为87.1%、80.6%、80.1%、61.3%、58.1%、48.4%和32.3%、,治愈后检出率分别为0、19.4%、0、0、12.9%、0和3.2%.治疗前活动性肺结核CT检查可检出多种活动性影像,而疗程结束后上述征象减少并多以单发为主,两者有显著差异（P＜0.01）.结论 CT检查有助于活动性肺结核治疗疗效的判定,并具有较高的敏感度,但特异度较低.     

耐药肺结核伴空洞患者的CT表现特征分析

目的 探讨耐药肺结核伴空洞患者的CT表现特征,以期提高对耐药肺结核伴空洞的诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析广州市胸科医院2018年1月至2019年12月经比例法药物敏感性试验确诊的56例耐药肺结核伴空洞患者(A组),同时收集同期符合纳入标准的药物敏感肺结核伴空洞患者56例(B组)进行对比分析,匹配原则为性别相同、年龄±2岁。通过对两组患者CT扫描征象的对比,分析耐药肺结核伴空洞的CT表现特征。结果 A组空洞数量≥3个、空洞在肺叶分布≥3叶的检出率分别为55.36%(31/56)、46.43%(26/56),B组分别为32.14%(18/56)、26.79%(15/56),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为6.132、4.655,P值分别为0.013、0.031)。A组厚壁空洞、毁损肺的检出率分别为61.44%(94/153)、32.14%(18/56),B组分别为49.21%(62/126)、14.29%(8/56),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.194、5.009,P值分别为0.041、0.025)。A组薄壁空洞、引流支气管、“树芽征”的检出率分别为14.38%(22/153)、28.10%(43/153)、32.14%(18/56),B组分别为30.16%(38/126)、40.48%(51/126)、51.79%(29/56),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.192、4.734、4.436,P值分别0.001、0.030、0.035)。结论 耐药肺结核伴空洞患者CT扫描更易检出空洞数量≥3个、空洞在肺叶分布≥3叶、厚壁空洞、毁损肺;药物敏感肺结核伴空洞患者CT扫描更易检出薄壁空洞、引流支气管、“树芽征”;两者有各自的CT表现特点,可为临床早期诊断与治疗提供帮助。     

继发性初治涂阳与涂阴活动性肺结核CT影像对比分析

目的探讨初治涂阳与涂阴活动性肺结核的CT影像特征。方法收集2008年住院治疗的初治涂阳与涂阴肺结核各100例,对比观察两组CT征象的异同点以诊断活动性肺结核有价值的征象。结果小叶中心结节、磨玻璃影、树芽征、空洞征、气道壁增厚、亚段以上实变,涂阳组／涂阴组CT检出率依次为：91％／81％、65％／32％、59％／40％、55％／13％、52％／31％、38％／15％、（P〈0．05）,小叶样实变、小叶间内质异常两组为75％／63％、28％／17％,（P〉0．05）;涂阴肺结核病变累及单叶肺为主,涂阳组以多叶受累为主（P〈0．01）;涂阳组各种征象的检出率均明显高于涂阴组。结论涂阴与涂阳活动性肺结核的CT征象没有质的区别,但有量的差异,并需结合临床。     

因子和聚类分析在继发性肺结核CT影像分类中的应用研究

目的　探讨联合应用因子分析与聚类分析统计方法在肺结核CT征象群分类的价值,为继发性肺结核病的CT分类研究提供依据。方法 将243例活动性肺结核(其中涂阳、涂阴肺结核分别为129例和114例)的肺内CT征象分为13种,应用因子分析(方差最大化正交旋转)与聚类分析相结合的方法对继发性肺结核进行影像分类.并比较在涂阳、涂阴肺结核诊断中的价值。结果 经因子分析后可形成5个公因子,即播散因子、实变因子、小叶中心正因子、小叶中心负因子、空洞因子。经聚类分析后继发性肺结核的影像类型分为5个类别,分别为空洞播散型59例(24.3%)、空洞为主型34例(14.0%)、气道播散型32例(13.2%)、实变为主型54例(22.2%)和结节型64例(26.3%)。涂阳、涂阴肺结核2组间类别构成有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中涂阳组空洞播散型、实变型明显多于涂阴组;而涂阴组结节型明显多于涂阳组,均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 因子分析和聚类分析相结合可较好地对活动性肺结核的复杂CT征象进行科学分类,有助于活动性肺结核的诊断,特别是对涂阴肺结核的诊断具有重要价值。     

耐多药肺结核临床治愈患者CT随访转归征象的研究

目的 评价耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者临床治愈后CT随访转归征象的情况。方法 回顾性分析2012年3月至2018年3月深圳市第三人民医院通过细菌学确诊的MDR-PTB临床治愈并随访2年无复发的患者,共计42例。其中初治患者18例(初治组),复治患者24例(复治组),分别对停药时、停药12个月时、停药24个月时患者的肺部CT征象转归情况进行分析。结果 42例患者在停药时、停药12个月时和停药24个月时,肺结核活动性征象的检出率分别为57.1%(24/42)、42.9%(18/42)和31.0%(13/42),稳定性征象的检出率分别为69.0%(29/42)、81.0%(34/42)和83.3%(35/42),不确定性征象的检出率均为40.5%(17/42)。在停药时,初治组与复治组活动性征象检出率分别为33.3%(6/18)和75.0%(18/24),稳定性征象检出率分别为50.0%(9/18)和83.3%(20/24),差异均有统计学意义(χ ²=7.292,P=0.007;χ ²=5.347,P=0.021);停药12个月时,两组患者活动性征象检出率分别为27.8%(5/18)和54.2%(13/24),稳定性征象检出率分别为83.3%(15/18)和79.2%(19/24),差异均无统计学意义(χ ²=2.925,P=0.087;χ ²=0.116,P=1.000);停药24个月时,两组患者活动性征象检出率分别为22.2%(4/18)和37.5%(9/24),稳定性征象检出率分别为88.9%(16/18)和79.2%(19/24),差异均无统计学意义(χ ²=1.123,P=0.289;χ ²=0.700,P=0.679)。在停药时、停药12个月时和停药24个月时,不确定性征象在初治组的检出率均为16.7%(3/18),在复治组的检出率均为58.3%(14/24),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值均为7.412,P值均为0.006)。 结论 MDR-PTB患者达到临床治愈停药标准后,CT表现以损伤延迟修复为主要表现;与初治MDR-PTB患者比较,复治MDR-PTB患者肺部CT扫描显示出更多不确定征象。     

肺结核中医证候与CT空洞征象特征的相关性研究

目的 探索肺结核不同中医证候与CT空洞征象特征间的关系,为肺结核中医辨证分型提供客观依据。方法 纳入2019年1—8月上海市公共卫生临床中心结核科确诊的初治肺结核患者173例,采集患者中医病史、临床表现及舌脉象等信息进行中医证候分型,筛选胸部CT检查提示有结核性空洞者 71例,根据患者胸部CT征象的特征,分析中医证候与肺结核空洞CT征象特征的相关性,单因素分析采用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验,多因素分析采用多分类logistic回归分析,均以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 173例初治肺结核患者,肺阴亏虚证89例(51.45%),阴虚火旺证38例(21.96%),气阴两虚证37例(21.39%),阴阳两虚证9例(5.20%)。其中胸部CT检查显示有空洞者71例,包括肺阴亏虚证31例(43.66%),阴虚火旺证22例(30.99%),气阴两虚证15例(21.13%),阴阳两虚证3例(4.22%)。单因素分析发现气阴两虚证患者空洞周围渗出发生率(66.67%,10/15)最高,显著高于肺阴亏虚证患者(32.26%,10/31)(χ²=4.870,P=0.027); 肺阴亏虚证、阴虚火旺证、气阴两虚证患者空洞个数分别为2.00(1.00,5.00)、4.50(1.00,8.25)、3.50(1.75,8.50)(Z=2.952,P=0.229);空洞体积分别为1884.00(435.50,5569.50)、7969.50(2958.25,29710.00)、3250.00(1162.00,8492.00)mm³ (Z=10.534,P=0.005);空洞面积分别为420.50(191.75,753.00)、 888.00(487.00,2283.00)、572.00(190.50,1264.50)mm² (Z=6.822,P=0.033);空洞壁厚度分别为3.00(1.25,4.00)、4.00(3.13,5.88)、3.50(2.50,5.00)mm (Z=10.436,P=0.005)。阴虚火旺证患者空洞体积、空洞面积、空洞壁厚度显著高于肺阴亏虚证患者(Z值分别为-17.017、-13.792和-16.695;P值分别为0.004、0.027、0.004)。比较空洞形态,肺阴亏虚证薄壁空洞发生率(74.19%,23/31)显著高于阴虚火旺证(31.82%,7/22),差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.407,P=0.004)。多因素分析显示,空洞周围渗出是影响中医肺结核证候分型的独立相关因素(OR=0.238;95%CI:0.076~0.741;P=0.013)。结论 肺结核中医各证候间CT空洞征象的特征表现不同。肺结核肺阴亏虚证阶段,空洞形态以薄壁空洞为主;进展到阴虚火旺型,空洞范围出现增大趋势,空洞壁逐渐增厚,空洞形态向厚壁空洞转变;气阴两虚证空洞周围更容易出现渗出。     

鸟-胞内分枝杆菌肺病伴空洞的CT特征分析

目的 探讨鸟-胞内分枝杆菌(MAC)肺病伴空洞的CT特征,以期为临床诊断提供帮助。方法 回顾性收集温州医科大学附属台州医院2014年6月至2018年12月期间菌种鉴定为MAC肺病且胸部CT扫描显示伴有空洞的21例患者入组(观察组);采用1∶1病例对照研究,选取同时期符合纳入标准的21例空洞型肺结核患者作为对照组,匹配原则为同性别、年龄±2岁。分析两组空洞类型、壁厚、直径,以及支气管扩张征、实变影、长径>1cm的结节或肿块、小叶中心性结节(包括树芽征)、胸腔积液、纵隔淋巴结钙化的差异。结果 观察组共检出空洞74个,空洞直径的中位数(四分位数)[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为27.9(17.3,39.8)mm,空洞壁厚的M(Q₁,Q₃)为2.7(1.7,4.1)mm;对照组共检出空洞55个,空洞直径的M(Q₁,Q₃)为20.6(13.4,32.0)mm,空洞壁厚的M(Q₁,Q₃)为3.6(2.5,4.7)mm;两组比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.241、-2.431,P值均<0.05);观察组薄壁空洞检出构成比以及支气管扩张、支气管扩张伴小叶中心性结节检出率分别为60.8%(45/74)、85.7%(18/21)、57.1%(12/21),均明显高于对照组[分别占36.4%(20/55)、38.1%(8/21)、23.8%(5/21)],差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为7.543、10.096、4.842,P值均<0.05);观察组厚壁空洞、周围卫星灶、引流支气管征检出构成比以及长径>1cm肺结节检出率分别为39.2%(29/74)、58.1%(43/74)、28.4%(21/74)、23.8%(5/21),均明显低于对照组[分别占63.6%(35/55)、94.5%(52/55)、63.6%(35/55)、76.2%(16/21)],差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为7.543、21.582、15.966、11.524,P值均<0.05)。 结论 MAC肺病患者胸部CT扫描更易看到薄壁空洞伴支气管扩张、肺小结节;肺结核患者CT扫描更易看到厚壁空洞伴引流支气管征、周围卫星灶、长径>1cm肺结节,两者CT表现有各自的特点,可为临床早期诊断与治疗提供一定的帮助。     

治疗失败耐多药肺结核患者CT征象演变的回顾性分析

目的 研究治疗失败耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)患者的影像学演变规律,为MDR-PTB影像学疗效评价提供依据。方法 收集大连市结核病医院治疗失败的MDR-PTB 患者56例,疗程中每3个月进行一次CT检查,观察56例MDR-PTB患者的肺CT征象的演变与转归表现。根据CT征象将病程演变分为3种类型:吸收-进展型21例(37.5%,21/56);吸收好转型20例(35.7%,20/56);间歇进展型15例(26.8%,15/56)。计数资料采用χ ²检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 (1)第3、6、24个月的痰菌阴性率在吸收-进展型患者中占比为81.0%(17/21)、61.9%(13/21)、28.6%(6/21);吸收-好转型患者中为90.0%(18/20)、85.0%(17/20)、60.0%(12/20);间歇进展型患者中为40.0%(6/15)、26.7%(4/15)、20.0%(3/15)。三型患者第3、6、24个月痰菌阴性率比较,χ ²值分别为11.953、12.248、6.994, P值分别为0.003、0.002、0.030,差异均有统计学意义。(2)56例患者的肺CT征象:树芽征、磨玻璃状影、结节状影的检出率在治疗前分别为67.9%(38/56)、21.4%(12/56)和80.4%(45/56);在治疗后分别为8.9%(5/56)、1.8%(1/56)和60.7%(34/56),χ ²值分别为41.108、10.530、5.198, P值分别为0.000、0.001、0.023,差异均有统计学意义。支气管聚拢迂曲、肺纤维化、毁损肺、支气管扩张治疗,治疗前分别为21.4%(12/56)、5.4%(3/56)、5.4%(3/56)和8.9%(5/56);治疗后分别为41.1%(23/56)、17.9%(10/56)、23.2%(13/56)和37.5%(21/56),χ ²值分别为5.029、4.264、7.292、12.823, P值分别为0.025、0.039、0.007、0.000,差异均有统计学意义。(3)在固有病变中,空洞(37.8%,108/286)、结节状病灶(25.9%,74/286)、肺实变(16.4%,47/286)和树芽征(10.8%,31/286)多见;而在新增病变中树芽征(46.9%,23/49)和结节状病灶(40.8%,20/49)多见。新增树芽征与无新增树芽征患者中“干酪性肺实变伴空洞”的检出率分别为47.4%(9/19)和18.9%(7/37),χ ²=4.979 P=0.026,差异有统计学意义。结论 通过CT征象连续观察,可对治疗失败进行预测,从而提示临床及时调整化疗方案,以减少不可逆肺损伤的发生。     

Differential diagnosis between tuberculosis and cancer of lung. Analysis of 65 tuberculosis cases diagnosed by fiber-bronchoscopy

A series of 65 broncho-pulmonary TB simulating lung cancer with negative AFB in sputum were diagnosed by fiber-bronchoscopy. 60% of the cases were at the age of forty and over. According to the radiographic features, they could be divided into 3 varieties: (1) 31 cases showed mass or nodal shadow. 7 of the 11 cases with cavities mimicked cancer origin in appearance. (2) 30 cases showed atelectasis and segmental shadows with 16 cases in nonpredisposing location of TB. (3) 4 cases with diffuse interstitial and micronodular shadows were different from miliary TB. Of a total of 65 cases, 7 accompanied with hilar/mediastinum adenopathy. Using fiber-bronchoscopy, bronchial lesions were found in 24 cases (36.9%). TB diagnosed by pathological and bacteriological examination were 89.2% and 32.2% respectively. TB combined with squamous cell cancer of the lung was found in one patient. These data indicated that TBB and TBLB provided an effective method in the differential diagnosis of TB and cancer of lung.     

Nationwide study of drug resistance among acid-fast bacilli positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Lebanon.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of drug resistance among smear-positive sputum specimens from pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases in Lebanon. DESIGN: Between July 2002 and April 2004, 224 newly diagnosed TB cases and 21 previously treated TB cases were collected nationwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were tested against isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB) using the BACTEC-TB system. RESULTS: M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates were recovered from 190 and 15 new cases, respectively, and from 16 and 1 previously treated cases, respectively. Overall drug resistance among new TB vs. previously treated TB cases was 19.5% and 75%, and for single drugs it was INH (12% vs. 63%), RMP (3% vs. 56%), SM (12% vs. 44%) and EMB (3% vs. 44%). The overall rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 5.8% (1% vs. 62.5%). The male:female ratio was 1.3:1; most were young adults. CONCLUSION: Relatively moderate single drug resistance and very low MDR rates were found among new TB cases, while among previously treated TB cases very high resistance and MDR resistance rates were detected. Such findings underline the need for ongoing stringent control measures to curb the spread of M. tuberculosis and its deleterious effects.     

超声和CT对胆囊腺肌增生症诊断价值的对照分析

目的分析超声和CT检查对胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第二医院28例经病理证实的胆囊腺肌增生症患者超声和CT表现,分析其影像学特点,并以病理诊断为金标准,分析两种影像方法对胆囊腺肌增生症的诊断价值。率的比较采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义;率的多重比较采用卡方分割,P0.0125为差异具有统计学意义。结果 28例患者中,术前超声诊断胆囊腺肌增生症15例,CT诊断9例,CT诊断率为32.14%,超声诊断率为53.57%,χ2检验表明,超声与CT对胆囊腺肌症的诊断率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.63,P=0.10);卡方分割分析CT及超声诊断不同类型胆囊腺肌症准确率的差异,结果表明,超声与CT对各种类型胆囊腺肌症的诊断率差异均无统计学意义(节段型:χ2=0,P=0.11;弥漫型:χ2=2.57,P=1.00;局灶型:χ2=1.42,P=0.23)。结论 CT及超声是诊断胆囊腺肌增生症的重要影像学方法;凸阵探头与线阵探头联合应用,可能提高超声对胆囊腺肌增生症的检出率。     

33例肺结核不典型CT征象分析

目的 分析肺结核的不典型CT影像特点,提高诊断正确率。 方法 回顾性分析33例肺结核不典型CT影像特点,并与50例周围型肺癌、33例浸润性肺癌、62例肺部非特异性炎症（球形肺炎33例,表现为片状影的炎症29例）的CT征象进行比较分析。肺结核及对照病例按照病变形态分为两个小组并分别进行比较分析,计数资料采用χ^2验,P〈0.01为差异有统计学意义。 结果 33例影像表现不典型的肺结核患者中,第1小组15例结核球中9例（60.0%）CT平扫显示病变实质出现1个或多个小片状低密度区,境界模糊;CT增强扫描结核球以不均匀强化为主,占66.7%（10/15）,实质内有多个小点片状且境界模糊的低密度灶。球形肺炎及周围型肺癌以均匀强化为主,占75.8%（25/33）和66.0%（33/50）,增强后CT值测量结果,10例结核球增强后CT值增加值范围在16～20 HU之间,31例球形肺炎及42例周围型肺癌增强后CT值增加值＞21 HU,结核球与球形肺炎、周围型肺癌CT值增加值比较差异具有统计学意义（χ^220.202、20.872,P值均〈0.01）。第2小组CT表现形态均一的继发性肺结核18例CT平扫仅2例（11.1%,2/18）病灶实质显示多少不等略低密度区、境界模糊,与肺炎（2/29）及肺癌（0/33）之间比较差异无统计学意义。增强扫描12例肺结核患者中10例（83.3%）病灶显示不均匀强化,病灶实质表现为多少不等的小片状无强化区,且境界模糊;肺炎患者仅2例（10.5%,2/19）出现小片状坏死液化区,且境界清楚,肺癌患者增强后均未出现坏死区,肺结核组与对照组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ^216.433、27.692, P值均〈0.01）。 结论 肺结核不典型CT表现多种多样,片状及球形病灶密度不均匀及轻度强化对诊断具有一定价值,对难以鉴别的患者应密切结合临床表现及穿刺活检进行诊断。     

Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in Ukraine: a threatening convergence of two epidemics?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance rates in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, and to explore the association between the epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). METHODS: All consecutive newly diagnosed and previously treated patients with sputum smear-positive TB presenting to all TB units in Donetsk Oblast over 12 months were invited to take part in the study. A total of 1293 and 203 patients with TB were tested for HIV and MDR-TB in the civilian and penitentiary sectors, respectively. RESULTS: Of those enrolled for the study, 307 were HIV-positive, 379 had MDR-TB, and 97 had MDR-TB and HIV co-infection. MDR-TB rates in the civilian sector were respectively 15.5% (95%CI 13.1-17.8) and 41.5% (95%CI 36.4-46.5) in newly diagnosed and previously treated TB patients. Among prisoners, MDR-TB rates were 21.8% (95%CI 12.4-31.2) in new cases and 52.8% (95%CI 43.9-61.7) in previously treated TB cases. HIV status was significantly associated with MDR-TB (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.3-2.3). CONCLUSIONS: High MDR-TB rates and a positive association between MDR-TB and HIV epidemics were found in Donetsk Oblast. Urgent measures to improve HIV prevention, control of drug-resistant TB and collaboration between HIV and TB control activities need to be implemented without further delay.     

Trends and patterns of tuberculosis: interpretations and prospects of tuberculosis control in Vojvodina, Yugoslavia, 1987-2000.

AIM: To assess the trends and pattern of tuberculosis in Vojvodina, Yugoslavia. METHODS: Using a retrospective design, data on 393 diagnosed TB cases were investigated for the years 1987, 1993 and 2000. RESULTS: TB case notification has been increasing in Vojvodina. The number of reported TB cases was 146 in 1987, 101 in 1993 and 146 in 2000; cases were predominantly in the age group 20-39 years (44.5%) in 1987, compared to the 40-59 year age group in 1993 and 2000 (38.6% and 45.9%, respectively). The majority of patients belonged to lower socio-economic groups. Manifestations of TB such as cough, weight loss and exhaustion were common. With the increasing trend of alcoholism from 1987 to 2000, delays in reporting were noticed. TB-related mortality was 1.4% in 1987 and 4.1% in 2000. Resistance to TB drugs among previously treated cases was 2.7% in 1987, 0.9% in 1993 and 2.7% in 2000. With respect to the increasing resistance, the levels of detection and surveillance were poor. The implementation of the DOTS strategy remained fairly low. CONCLUSION: TB is a chronic problem in Vojvodina. Prompt community-oriented actions need to be taken to improve case detection and cure rates through DOTS.     

多层螺旋CT薄层扫描对活动性肺结核的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT薄层扫描对活动性肺结核的诊断价值。方法 对初诊组(132例)与复发组(68例)共200例肺结核患者的薄层螺旋CT检查结果进行整理和分析。结果 在初诊组(132例)与复发组(68例)肺结核薄层螺旋CT检查中,小叶中心病变(186例,占93.0%)、树芽状(152例,占76.0％)及支气管管壁增厚(140例,占70.0％)均为检出率较高的征象。结论 多层螺旋CT薄层扫描对于活动性肺结核的诊断具有重要价值。     

Results of cohort analysis by category of tuberculosis retreatment cases in Morocco from 1996 to 2003.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse treatment outcomes by subcategory of tuberculosis (TB) retreatment cases. METHODS: All TB patients treated with the Category II regimen from 1996 to 2003 in Morocco were enrolled in this retrospective study. For each cohort, the retreatment outcome data were analysed as a whole and by the following sub-categories: 1) cases who relapsed after one course of anti-tuberculosis treatment; 2) cases who failed the Category I regimen; and 3) cases who interrupted one course of anti-tuberculosis treatment. RESULTS: The study population included 14 635 retreatment patients, among whom 81.7% were TB relapse cases, 5.2% had failed the Category I regimen and 13.1% were defaulters. The average treatment success rates were respectively 74.8% (range 71.8-76.6), 58.0% (range 52.4-74.0) and 51.4% (range 46.4-55.6) among relapse, failure and default cases. Failure and default rates were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among patients who failed Category I treatment and among those who defaulted, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TB cases who fail the Category I regimen should systematically receive drug susceptibility testing, while defaulters should be given support to improve treatment adherence. Stratified cohort analysis by subcategory of retreatment has been shown to be useful for evaluating the performance of TB control programmes.