改良胰肠端侧吻合法在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：观察胰十二指肠切除术中应用改良的胰肠端侧吻合法（胰管—空肠黏膜对黏膜）的临床效果。方法41例行胰十二指肠切除术患者,术中采用4-0 Prolene线连续缝合胰腺断面与空肠浆肌层,5-0 Prolene线吻合胰管—空肠黏膜行胰肠端侧吻合。记录胰肠吻合时间、胰漏等并发症和死亡发生情况。结果41例患者均顺利完成手术,胰肠吻合时间9～16 min、平均12 min,均未出现术后胰漏、消化道出血及死亡,2例出现胆瘘,2例出现胃排空障碍,1例出现碱性反流性胃炎,经保守治疗后痊愈。结论改良的胰肠端侧吻合法可降低胰十二指肠术后胰漏发生率,操作简便、省时、安全。     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术100例报告

目的探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术后预防胰肠吻合口漏的临床价值.方法1996年1月～2000年1月间共施行100例捆绑式胰肠吻合术,并与同期94例用传统方法吻合的病例进行对比.捆绑式胰肠吻合手术方法为先将空肠断端向外反摺3cm,将外翻的粘膜用石炭酸破坏3 cm;游离胰断端3 cm,将其断端与距离空肠断端3 cm的空肠粘膜缝合一圈,注意缝针不穿透浆肌层.将反摺的空肠复位后,胰断端就自然进入肠腔之中(长约3 cm),其表面被缺失粘膜的空肠所覆盖,距离断端1 cm用可吸收缝线环绕空肠进行捆绑,令空肠与其腔内的胰残端紧密相贴,然后结扎完成手术,术后观察总体恢复情况,B超定期检查残端有无积液等.结果全组100例,无一例发生胰漏,残端没有积液.结论捆绑式胰肠吻合术十分安全,能够防止胰肠吻合口漏的发生,且操作简单,不论胰腺质地软硬或胰管有无扩张均可使用,值得进一步推广.     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术100例报告

目的：探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术后预防胰肠吻合口漏的临床价值。方法：1996年1月－2000年1月间共施行100例捆绑式胰肠吻合术,并与同期94例用传统方法吻合的病例进行对比。捆绑式胰肠吻合手术方法为先将空肠断端向外反摺3cm,将外翻的粘膜用石炭酸破坏3cm;游离胰断端3cm,将其断端与距离空肠断端3cm的空肠粘膜缝合一圈,注意缝针不穿透浆肌层。将反摺的空肠复位后,胰断端就自然进入肠腔之中（长约3cm）,其表面被缺失粘膜的空肠所覆盖,距离断端1cm用可吸收缝线环绕空肠进行捆绑,令空肠与其腔内的胰残端紧密相贴,然后结扎完成手术,术后观察总体恢复情况,B超定期检查残端有无积液等。结果：全组100例,无一例发生胰漏,残端没有积液。结论：捆绑式胰肠吻合术十分安全,能够防止胰肠吻合口漏的发生,且操作简单,不论胰腺质地软硬或胰管有无扩张均可使用,值得进一步推广。     

连续缝合法在套入式胰肠吻合中的应用

目的 探讨在胰十二指肠切除术中利用连续缝合法进行套入式胰肠吻合对预防胰瘘发生的作用.方法 通过采用4-0可吸收线连续缝合法对22例胰十二指肠切除患者进行端侧套入式胰肠吻合,并以同期实施的12例端侧套入式间断缝合、23例胰管空肠黏膜吻合术进行比较.结果 22例患者均顺利施行套入式连续胰肠吻合,平均时间约13 min,术后1例出现胆漏,未发生胰肠吻合口漏,无手术死亡.患者平均住院15 d.同期端侧套入式间断缝合时间平均20 min,术后发生胰漏2例,腹腔感染1例,其中1例并发腹腔大出血死亡;端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合时间平均18 min,发生胰漏1例,上消化道出血1例.术后患者平均住院19 d.结论 连续套入式胰肠吻合适用于任何情况下的残余胰腺,且操作简便、省时、并发症少,是胰肠吻合技术的一种有效改进.     

彭氏捆绑式胰肠吻合术的临床应用

0引言胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)手术范围较大,危险性较高,并发症多.其中胰肠吻合口漏为PD手术后最常见、最严重的并发症之一.据统计,目前胰肠吻合口漏的发生率仍高达13%左右,大约是17%PD手术患者的直接死亡原因.为了预防,文献报道有20种方法,大体上包括胰腺残端(胰管)结扎、胰管栓塞或外引流、全胰切除、胰腺断面的浆膜化、胰胃吻合[1,2]、胰空肠6-8针间断缝合[3]、胰空肠套入吻合[4]、胰管与空肠黏膜吻合[5]和没有胰管与空肠黏膜吻合的胰管外造瘘术[6].虽然胰肠吻合方法多种多样,但无一能完全避免胰肠吻合口漏的发…     

外科治疗Vater壶腹周围癌21例

我院1990～1993年行Vater壶腹周围癌手术21例,其中男13例,女8例,年龄44～73岁。术后病理诊断为胰头癌9例,胆总管下段腺癌6例,十二指肠降部恶性肿瘤6例。均行胰十二指肠切除,按胰—胆—胃—空肠吻合重建上消化道,胰残端楔形切除,褥式缝合,胰管内插一有侧孔的硅胶管,结肠前行胰空肠端端套入吻合,隔此口下5～10cm行胆总管空肠端侧吻合,再距此口下25～35cm行胃空肠顺蠕动端侧吻合。于肝下及胰床置2根质软腔大硅胶管或橡胶管,3～4天拔除。持续胃肠减压3～4天,术后给静脉营养支持,常规应用抗生     

根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响

目的:探究根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响.方法:采取回顾性的方法对2010-01/2014-01遵义医学院第三附属医院接收治疗的进行胰十二指肠切除术的108例患者的临床资料进行分析.其中胰管直径≥3 mm的患者42例,给予其胰管空肠黏膜吻合术进行治疗,为胰管空肠黏膜吻合组.胰管直径<3 mm的患者66例,其中28例患者的胰腺残端比较粗大,且较空肠管径大的患者给予改良Child胰肠吻合术进行治疗,为改良Child胰肠吻合组,其余38例患者胰腺残端直径<空肠管径,给予其套入加捆绑式胰肠吻合术进行治疗,为套入加捆绑式胰肠吻合组.对比不同胰肠吻合方式患者的术后并发症发生率,并对其临床疗效进行评价.结果:3组患者中胰管空肠黏膜吻合组患者的胰管直径最大,与其他两组相比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).3组患者中改良Child胰肠吻合组患者的胰腺残端直径最大,与其他两组相比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).比较3种手术方式的术中出血量、胰肠吻合时间、手术总时间之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05).3组患者共发生9例胰瘘,总胰瘘发生率为8.33%.比较3组患者的术后腹腔出血、胰瘘、消化功能异常、腹腔感染、死亡和平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:在进行Wipple术时,根据患者的胰管直径、空肠管径和胰腺残端直径选择合理的胰肠吻合方式对患者术后的恢复有一定的促进作用.     

不同胰肠吻合方式的临床效果比较

目的:探讨端端胰肠套入式吻合、端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合和捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床应用效果.方法:收集本院1999-02/2009-05行胰十二指肠切除术的患者资料157例,其中采用端端胰肠套入式吻合方式61例,端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合方式66例,捆绑式胰肠吻合方式30例.分析患者胰肠吻合时间、术后并发症各指标、死亡率及住院时间.结果:端端胰肠套入式吻合时间、端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合时间与捆绑式胰肠吻合组比较差异有统计学意义(35.85±4.73 min,37.18±6.12 min vs 20.75±4.05 min,均P<0.05).3组术后并发症各指标、死亡率及住院时间统计学上无差异.捆绑式胰肠吻合无1例发生胰漏.结论:3种方法均有良好的临床效果及较低的并发症.捆绑式胰肠吻合具有操作更方便、手术时间短、并发症少的优点,值得临床推广     

改良胆肠、胰肠吻合重建在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

总结52例胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管下段癌、十二指肠乳头癌及胰头癌的近期治疗结果。其中采用改良胰空肠单层褥式套入端端吻合，胆肠单层内翻缝合术12例。施行标准Whipple术40例。认为行改良术式的胆肠、胰肠吻合操作简便，安全可靠，并发症少，优于标准的Whipple术式。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口出血与胰管内置管留置空肠长度的关系

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口出血与胰肠套入捆扎吻合后胰管内置管留置空肠长度的关系.方法 2006年8月至2011年8月行胰十二指肠切除术63例,均采用Child消化道重建方式,胰肠吻合重建分为A、B、C三组.A组22例,胰肠吻合采用胰腺残端套入空肠捆扎法吻合,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度15 cm;B组21例,吻合方法同A组,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度为5 cm;C组20例,采用胰腺残端与空肠黏膜吻合,胰腺残端外内支撑管长度为5 cm.结果 A组2例(9.1％)发生胰肠吻合口出血,经非手术治疗均痊愈.B组8例(38.1％)发生胰肠吻合口出血,其中2例因出血病死,3例行二次手术止血治愈,3例经非手术治疗痊愈.C组无一例发生胰肠吻合口出血.A组和B组患者发生出血的时间均在术后15 d左右,A、B两组胰肠吻合口出血发生率的差异具有统计学意义(x2=9.428,P=0.009).结论 胰肠套人捆扎吻合术后发生胰肠吻合口出血与胰管内支撑管留置空肠的长度过短有关.     

An easier method for performing a pancreaticojejunostomy for the soft pancreas using a fast-absorbable suture

AIM： To clarify the usefulness of a new method for performing a pancreaticojejunostomy by using a fast-absorbable suture material irradiated polyglactin 910, and a temporary stent tube for a narrow pancreatic duct with a soft pancreatic texture.METHODS： Among 63 consecutive patients with soft pancreas undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2003 to 2006, 35 patients were treated with a new reconstructive method. Briefly, after the pancreatic transaction, a stent tube was inserted into the lumen of the pancreatic duct and ligated with it by a fast-absorbable suture. Another tip of the stent tube was introduced into the intestinal lumen at the jejunal limb, where a purse-string suture was made by another fast-absorbable suture to roughly fix the tube. The pancreaticojejunostomy was completed by ligating two fast-absorbable sutures to approximate the ductal end and the jejunal mucosa, and by adding a rough anastomosis between the pancreatic parenchyma and the seromuscular layer of the jejunum. The initial surgical results with this method were retrospectively compared with those of the 28 patients treated with conventional duct-to-mucosa anastomosis.RESULTS： The incidences of postoperative morbidity including pancreatic fistula were comparable between the two groups （new; 3%-17% vs conventional; 7%-14% according to the definitions）. There was no mortality and re-admission. Late complications were also rarely seen.CONCLUSION： A pancreaticojejunostomy using an irradiated polyglactin 910 suture material and a temporary stent is easy to perform and is feasible even in cases with a narrow pancreatic duct and a normal soft pancreas.     

Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy： A comparison between the two pancreaticojejunostomy methods for approximating the pancreatic parenchyma to the jejunal seromuscular layer： Interrupted vs continuous stitches

AIM： The purpose of this study is to find a better operative technique by comparing interrupted stitches with continuous stitches for the outer layer of the pancreaticojejunostomy, i.e. the stitches between the stump parenchyma of the pancreas and the jejunal seromuscular layer, and other risk factors for the incidence of pancreatic leakage.
METHODS： During the period January 1997 to October 2004, 133 patients have undergone the end-to-side and duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy with interrupted suture for outer layer of the pancreaticojejunostomy and 170 patients with a continuous suture at our institution by one surgeon.
RESULTS： There were no significant differences between the two groups in the diagnosis, texture of the pancreas, use of octreotide and pathologic stage. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 14 patients （11%） among the interrupted suture cases and in 10 （6%） among the continuous suture cases （P = 0.102）. Major pancreatic leakage developed in three interrupted suture patients （2%） and zero continuous suture patients （P = 0.026）. In multivariate analysis, soft pancreatic consistency （odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval 2.3-13.1） and common bile duct cancer （odds ratio, 3.7; 95%CI 1.6-8.5） were＇predictive of pancreatic leakage.
CONCLUSION： Pancreatic texture and pathology are the most important factors in determining the fate of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis and our continuous suture method was performed with significantly decreased occurrence of major pancreatic fistula. In conclusion, the continuous suture method is more feasible and safer in performing duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy.     

Pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Suture material and incidence of post-operative pancreatic fistula

PurposePancreatic fistula represents the most important complication in terms of clinical management and costs after pancreaticoduodenectomy. A lot of studies have investigated several techniques in order to reduce pancreatic fistula, but data on the effect of sutures material on pancreatic fistula are not available. The analysis investigated the role of suture material in influencing pancreatic fistula rate and severity.MethodsResults from 130 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticojejunostomy performed between March 2013 and September 2014 were prospectively collected and analyzed. In 65 cases pancreaticojejunostomy was performed with absorbable sutures, in the other 65 cases using non-absorbable sutures (polyester, silk and polybutester).ResultsPancreaticojejunostomy with non-absorbable sutures had the same incidence of pancreatic fistula, but less severe and with less episodes of post-operative bleeding if compared with absorbable sutures. A sub-analysis was carried out comparing polydioxanone with polyester: the latter was associated with a lower pancreatic fistula rate (11.9% vs. 31.7%; p = 0,01) and less severe pancreatic anastomosis dehiscence (grade C - 0% vs. 30%; p = 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that hard pancreatic texture, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at final histology and the use of polyester for pancreaticojejunostomy were associated with a lower pancreatic fistula rate (p < 0.05).ConclusionFurther studies are needed to investigate the effects of pancreatic juice and bile on different sutures and pancreatic tissue response to different materials. However, pancreaticojejunostomy performed with polyester sutures is safe and feasible and is associated to a lower incidence of pancreatic fistula with less severe clinical impact.     

胰腺囊腺瘤局部摘除术

目的 探讨胰腺囊腺瘤局部摘除的可行性.方法 对2001年1月至2007年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院普通外科行摘除术的11例胰腺囊腺瘤患者进行回顾性分析.结果 11例胰腺囊腺瘤中男2例,女9例,平均年龄47岁.肿瘤直径平均4.8 cm,位于胰头部1例,胰体尾10例.病理证实浆液性囊腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例.3例患者术后出现一过性血糖增高,1～2周恢复正常,1例切口感染,2例术后发生胰瘘.术后随访28～67个月,1例术后3年发现胰体部假性囊肿,其他患者肿瘤无局部复发,无糖尿病发生.结论 对于直径<6cm的胰腺囊腺瘤患者行肿瘤摘除术是安全可行的.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘临床分析

目的：回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰肠吻合口瘘病例以减少手术并发症。方法：对1986年1月－2001年6月62例胰十二指肠切除术病例资料行回顾性分析。结果：62例中，发生胰肠吻合口瘘9例，发生率14．5％，其中1986年1月－1991年12月发生胰肠吻合口瘘5例，发生率62．5％（5／8）；1992年1月－2001年6月发生胰肠吻合口瘘4例，发生率7．4％（4／54）。围手术期死亡2例，死亡率3．2％，占胰瘘的22．2％。死因为胰瘘致全身衰竭。结论：要降低胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率，重点在于手术技巧及方式的改进。手术前后的支持治疗、应用生长抑制、控制感染、有效的胃肠减压是必须的。一旦发生胰瘘，若早期诊断，及时采取综合治疗，可以使绝大部分的胰肠吻合口瘘得到治愈。     

A new pancreaticojejunostomy technique: A battle against postoperative pancreatic fistula

AIM:To present a new technique of end-to-side, ductto-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy with seromuscular jejunal flap formation, and insertion of a silicone stent. METHODS:We present an end-to-side, duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy with seromuscular jejunal flap formation, and the insertion of a silicone stent. This technique was performed in thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure by the same surgical team, from January 2005 to March 2011. The surgical procedure performed in all cases was classic pancreaticoduodenectomy, without preservation of the pylorus. The diagnosis of pancreatic leakage was defined as a drain output of any measurable volume of fluid on or after postoperative day 3 with an amylase concentration greater than three times the serum amylase activity. RESULTS:There were 32 patients who underwent end-to-side, duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy with seromuscular jejunal flap formation. Thirteen of them were women and 19 were men. These data correspond to 40.6% and 59.4%, respectively. The mean age was 64.2 years, ranging from 55 to 82 years. The mean operative time was 310.2 ± 40.0 min, and was defined as the time period from the intubation up to the extubation of the patient. Also, the mean time needed to perform the pancreaticojejunostomy was 22.7 min, ranging from 18 to 25 min. Postoperatively, one patient developed a low output pancreatic fistula, three patients developed surgical site infection, and one patient developed pneumonia. The rate of overall morbidity was 15.6%. There was no 30-d postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION:This modification appears to be a significantly safe approach to the pancreaticojejunostomy without adversely affecting operative time.     

Effect of intraoperative secretin on operative outcomes in pancreatic resection: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundObjectives: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if using Secretin intra-operatively to identify leaks and subsequently target operative intervention would decrease the frequency of clinically significant post-operative pancreatic fistula formation.MethodsPatients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy were randomized to receive intra-operative Secretin or placebo intra-operatively following the completed pancreaticojejunostomy or closure of the cut remnant stump. If a potential leak was identified, targeted therapy with directed suture placement was performed.Results170 patients were randomized; 83 receiving placebo and 87 receiving Secretin. The rate of clinically significant fistula formation was 3% (3/87) in the Secretin group and 6% (5/83) in the placebo group (p = 0.489). The rate of biochemical leak was 29% (25/87) in the Secretin group and 19% (16/83) in the placebo group (p = 0.157). There were no Grade C post-operative fistula in either group. Of the 9% of patients in the Secretin group who had a targeted intra-operative intervention, none developed a clinically significant fistula. Adverse events were similar between groups.ConclusionsCompared to placebo, intra-operative Secretin administration was not associated with an overall reduction in clinically significant pancreatic fistula formation. However, patients with an intra-operative leak identified by Secretin may benefit from intervention (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02160808).     

Biliopancreatic fistula with portal vein thrombosis caused by a pancreatic pseudocyst

We encountered a very rare case of biliopancreatic fistula with portal vein thrombosis caused by pancreatic pseudocyst. A 57-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice, and portal vein thrombosis due to acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography showed a 7-cm-diameter pseudocyst around the superior mesenteric vein extending towards the pancreatic head, dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct, and portal vein thrombosis. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography revealed a main pancreatic duct with a pseudocyst communicating with the common bile duct. After pancreatic sphincterotomy, a 7-F tube stent was endoscopically placed into the pseudocyst. However, a 6-F nasobiliary tube could not be inserted into the bile duct because the fistula had a tight stenosis. Subsequently, the patient’s abdominal pain improved, the pancreatic cyst disappeared, and the serum amylase level normalized. Two months after the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was required because the patient’s jaundice became aggravated. Two weeks after the choledochojejunostomy, the patient left the hospital in good condition. A follow-up computed tomography showed cavernous transformation of the portal vein and no pancreatic pseudocyst. The patient remains asymptomatic for 2 years and 7 months after surgery. Biliary drainage may be necessary for biliopancreatic fistula with obstructive jaundice in addition to pancreatic cyst drainage. Biliopancreatic fistula can be treated by endoscopic procedure in some cases; however, surgical treatment should be required in cases that are impossible to insert a biliary stent because of hard stricture.     

Risk factors associated with pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy, which technique of pancreatic stump closure is more beneficial？

AIM To identify risk factors related to pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP) and to determine the effectiveness of using a stapled and a sutured closed of pancreatic stump.METHODS Sixty-four patients underwent DP during a 10-year period. Information regarding diagnosis,operative details, and perioperative morbidity or mortality was collected. Eight risk factors were examined.RESULTS Indications for DP included primary pancreatic disease (n = 38, 59%) and non-pancreatic malignancy (n = 26, 41%). Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 1.5% and 37% respectively; one patient died due to sepsis and two patients required a reoperation due to postoperative bleeding. Pancreatic fistula was developed in 14 patients (22%); 4 of fistulas were classified as Grade A, 9 as Grade B and only 1 as Grade C. Incidence of pancreatic fistula rate was significantly associated with four risk factors pathology,use of prophylactic octreotide therapy, concomitant splenectomy, and texture of pancreatic parenchyma.The role that technique (either stapler or suture) of pancreatic stump closure plays in the development of pancreatic leak remains unclear.CONCLUSION The pancreatic fistula rate after DP is 22%. This is reduced for patients with non-pancreatic malignancy, fibrotic pancreatic tissue, postoperative prophylactic octreotide therapy and concomitant splenectomy.