经耻骨后及经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果

目的对比观察经耻骨后径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)和经闭孔径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的效果。方法2002年6月至2005年5月,行女性SUI无张力阴道吊带术81例。患者年龄35~79岁,平均51岁。病程6个月~30年。其中行TVT58例、行TVT-O术者23例。以术后增加腹压有无尿液溢出为疗效判断标准。结果TVT组TVT-O组手术时间分别为30~60min[平均(36.4±7.6)min]、20~35min[平均(24.4±5.1)min](P<0.01)。81例中,74例(91.4%)尿失禁症状完全消失,5例(6.2%)改善,2例(2.5%)失败。TVT组治愈52例(89.7%)、改善4例(6.9%)、失败2例(3.4%);TVT-O组治愈22例(95.7%)、改善1例(4.3%);2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TVT组和TVT-O组分别有6例(10.3%)和2例(8.7%)发生术后排尿困难;TVT组3例(5.2%)术中发生膀胱损伤,1例(1.7%)术后发生耻骨后血肿;TVT-O组3例(13.0%)术后2d内出现双下肢短暂性活动障碍自行缓解。结论无张力阴道吊带术是一种治疗女性SUI安全有效的方法,TVT-O较TVT更为简单,创伤更小,并发症轻。     

女性压力性尿失禁发病人群的临床特点及两种手术方法治疗效果的比较

目的分析女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)发病人群的临床特点及两种手术方法的疗效。方法分析348例女性SUI临床特点,将需行手术者随机平均分组,行耻骨后无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)者为TVT组,行经闭孔经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT-O)者为TVT-O组,观察两组手术疗效。结果 SUI发病率18.97%,多为40~49岁、从事体力劳动、具有高阴道脱垂或子宫脱垂发病率、多孕产次和流产次的女性人群;60例SUI患者接受手术,TVT-O组手术时间、术中出血量、导尿管留置时间均少于TVT组(P0.05);2组排尿情况、尿垫试验、患者满意度和治疗情况差异不显著(P0.05);术后3个月,2组盆底功能影响问卷简表(PFIQ-7)、尿失禁影响程度关系问卷(IIQ-7)和排尿困扰量表(UDI-6)评分均显著下降,且TVT-O组PFIQ-7和UDI-6评分显著低于TVT组(P0.05);2组术后并发症率差异不显著(P0.05)。结论 SUI发病与中老年女性婚育史、子宫阴道疾病有关,TVT-O和TVT均是SUI有效术式,可提高患者生活质量,但TVT-O更具手术创伤小、操作简单的优势。     

无张力阴道吊带术微创治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的:评价无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法:对女性压力性尿失禁患者18例,经临床和尿动力学检查确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用TVT术,将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果:手术时间平均(40±6)min;术中出血量平均(43±11) ml;术后平均留置导尿1.5d;术后平均住院3d。18例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失。1例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1 周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发。结论:TVT手术因其简单,微创,疗效好,并发症少,目前可作为女性压力性尿失禁手术治疗的首选术式。     

经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的:观察经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的疗效。方法:选择女性SUI患者198例,病程2~25年,平均7.3年;年龄41~78岁,平均58.3岁。采用经耻骨后无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape,TVT,57例为TVT组)或经闭孔尿道下无张力吊带术(transobturator vaginal tape inside-out,TVT-O,141例为TVT-O组)进行治疗。结果:本文患者随访6~120个月,179例(90.4%)治愈,其中TVT组平均随访86个月,治愈51例(89.5%),改善4例(7%);TVT-O组平均随访38个月,治愈128例(90.7%),改善6例(4.3%);疗效不佳9例(3.5%)。TVT组2例发生膀胱穿孔(3.5%),TVT-O组3例出现腹股沟血肿伴下肢大腿根部疼痛,2例出现短期单下肢活动障碍,但经保守治疗均好转;术后拔除尿管后排尿困难5例,其中TVT组2例,TVT-O组3例,经多次下压式尿道扩张及延长保留尿管后解除梗阻、恢复正常排尿4例;TVT组中1例采用尿道扩张无效而剪断悬吊带。结论:经阴道中段无张力悬吊术(尤其是TVT-O)操作简便,疗效佳,并发症少,是治疗女性SUI的有效方法。     

TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的诊断及无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2004年8月我院16例女性压力性尿失禁患者无张力阴道吊带治疗效果、并发症情况。结果手术时间平均31.5min。术中出血平均62mL。随访1~15个月,全部病例均治愈,未见远期并发症。结论无张力阴道吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁有效、安全、微创的方法,值得推广。     

无张力尿道中段吊带术联合proliftTM网片治疗女性压力性尿失禁合并膀胱脱垂的早期经验

目的探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术(TVT)联合proliftTM前盆底修复治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)合并膀胱脱垂患者的可行性、安全性及早期疗效。方法 2011年5月至2012年6月我院收治女性SUI合并膀胱脱垂患者16例,年龄50~72岁,平均58岁。病程2~5年,术前尿动力学检查提示真性SUI,均伴有明显阴道前壁膨出及膀胱脱垂。在腰硬联合麻醉下行TVT+proliftTM前盆底修复手术治疗。结果 16例手术均顺利完成,手术时间45~65min,平均50min;术中出血量15~50ml。术后3~4d拔除尿管,1例因穿刺时损伤膀胱,延迟至7d拔尿管。术后随访1~18个月,平均9个月。所有患者阴道前壁膨出及膀胱脱垂均得到完全修复,尿失禁症状均缓解,咳嗽等腹压增加时无漏尿发生。结论 TVT联合proliftTM前盆底修复治疗女性SUI合并膀胱脱垂患者安全、微创、操作简单易行,近期疗效好。     

女性压力性尿失禁的微创治疗

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁的发病机制和微创治疗方法。方法女性压力性尿失禁患者25例,经临床、尿动力学检查或膀胱尿道造影确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用无张力阴道吊带术(TVT),将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果手术时间平均(40±5)min;术中出血量平均(43±10)mL;术后平均留置导尿1.5 d;术后平均住院3 d。23例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失,其中2例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发;2例尿失禁症状显著改善。结论TVT等微创术式因简单、微创、疗效好、并发症少等,目前是女性压力性尿失禁外科手术治疗的发展方向。     

经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附16例报告)

目的 探讨经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效.方法 经临床和尿动力学检查确诊16例女性SUI患者,手术自尿道外口与阴道外口之间的切口向耻骨和耻骨降支的联合处钝性分离间隙并穿过闭孔,将聚丙烯网吊带无张力置于尿道中段.结果 手术时间平均20分钟,术中出血量平均18ml,术后平均留置导尿...     

经皮穿刺阴道壁悬吊术和无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁对比研究

目的 评价经皮穿刺阴道壁悬吊术(VWS-PP)及无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效.方法 女性SUI患者26例,其中行VWS-PP14例,TVT12例.术后6周、6个月及1年随访,以术后腹压增加有无尿溢出为疗效判断标准.结果 2组患者年龄,病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).VWS-PP组手术时间60～90 min,平均80 min;TVT组25～50min,平均35 min,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);2组治愈例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 VWS-PP和TVT2种术式均为治疗女性SUI安全有效的微创手术,2者疗效相似,VWS-PP手术时间较长,但创伤小,能准确调整吊带之松紧度.     

经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的手术配合

目的:探讨经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的术中最佳配合方案方法:对女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者接受经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-0),术前准备充分,术中密切配合结果:手术均顺利完成,医生满意,患者恢复良好结论:经团孔无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)是治疗性压力性尿失禁的一种安全有效的术式,充分的术前准备和术中的密切配合是保证手术顺利完成的关键.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.