断指再植术后血管危象的多因素分析

目的分析影响断指再植术后发生血管危象的危险因素,为早期发现和及时防治血管危象的发生提供理论依据,从而减少断指再植术后血管危象的发生,提高断指再植的成活率。方法回顾性分析712指断指再植的病例,将患者性别、年龄、指别、伤因、断指缺血时间、离断平面、是否完全离断、动脉修复情况、静脉修复情况共九个因素分别与是否发生血管危象进行单因素分析和亚变量多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨断指再植术后发生血管危象的独立预测因素。结果712指断指再植术后共有132指发生血管危象,其中静脉危象44指,动脉危象88指,危象发生率为18．5％。单因素分析结果表明:性别、年龄、指别、伤因、离断平面、是否完全离断、动脉修复情况、静脉修复情况对血管危象的发生均有影响。二分类亚变量Logistic多因素分析表明,性别、年龄、伤因、离断平面、是否完全离断、动脉修复情况是断指再植术后发生血管危象的独立的预测因素。结论性别、年龄、伤因、离断平面、是否完全离断、动脉修复情况是断指再植术后发生血管危象的独立的预测因素。对于发生血管危象机率高的患者术中要精细操作,术后密切观察,预防断指再植术后血管危象的发生。     

D-二聚体与断指再植术后发生坏死的关联性分析：一项基于真实世界的研究

目的探讨血清D-二聚体在断指再植术后发生坏死的应用价值, 筛选影响断指再植术后早期坏死的因素, 从而早期识别并优化发生坏死的危险因素, 以期提高断指再植成活率。方法回顾性分析我院自2016年9月至2018年6月收治的241例断指再植患者, 记录性别、年龄、体重指数、血红蛋白、吸烟史、既往并存疾病、损伤机制、断指损伤平面、住院时间、手术医生类别、手术时间、动静脉修复数量、是否血管移植、术后第5天D-二聚体值等17个指标。单因素分析后筛选关联因素并分成亚组采用二元Logistic回归做进一步多因素分层分析, 筛选断指再植发生坏死的相关因素, 同时构建受试者工作特征曲线模型, 进一步分析D-二聚体与断指再植术后发生坏死的预测效应。结果本组241例断指共45例发生坏死, 低年资医生组再植成功率为69.6%, 高年资医生组则为92.1%。观察组D-二聚体平均值为0.998 mg/L, 对照组为0.373 mg/L, 两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示:患者年龄、吸烟史、医生类别、手术时间、损伤类型、损伤平面、静脉修复数量、血管移植、D-二聚体为发生坏死的...     

31例断指再植患者的术后护理体会

目的探讨断指再植术后患者实施早期康复护理和功能锻炼的效果,提高断指成活率。方法自2015年7月至2016年5月,31例33指接受断指再植手术,男24例,女7例;年龄14~53岁,平均(37.53±5.26)岁;完全离断16例,不全离断15例;术后经早期康复护理和功能锻炼取得了较好效果。结果 31例中2例因严重挫伤坏死,1例行断指再植术后出现血管危象行手术探查术后失败,其余均再植成功。31例患者断指再植成活率90.3%。结论断指再植术后密切观察血液循环,及时处理并发症,进行术后康复锻炼是断指再植成功和功能恢复的关键。     

手指末节断指再植术后的临床护理

目的探讨手指末节断指再植术后的护理方法。方法 2016年1月-2018年5月对采用显微外科技术修复的58例65指手指末节离断,术后实施有效的护理干预。结果 58例65指末节再植术后成活61指,4指因损伤严重,术后发生血管危象致坏死。结论末节断指再植术后,有效的护理可以帮助改善再植指血液循环,从而促进再植指成活。     

手指撕脱伤断指再植术后血管危象发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨手指撕脱伤断指再植术后血管危象发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2006年7月-2019年7月收治的手指撕脱伤患者216例,根据是否发生术后血管危象分为血管危象组(观察组)与非血管危象组(对照组),采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,观察两组术后血管危象发生与否与性别、年龄、伤因,指别、就医时间、断指缺血时间、离断平面、离断程度、动脉修复度、静脉修复度、吸烟史与焦虑情况12种因素之间的关系。结果 56例发生血管危象,经积极处理,血管危象未逆转4例,最终再植失败,余再植成功,其中动、静脉血管危象分别为32例与24例,发生率分别为14.8%与11.1%。在单因素分析中,年龄、伤因、离断程度、离断平面、吸烟、动脉修复度、静脉修复度、就医时间、缺血时间、焦虑情况均可不同程度影响血管危象的发生。在多因素Logistic回归分析中,年龄、伤因、离断程度、离断平面、吸烟、动脉修复度、静脉修复度、就医时间、缺血时间、焦虑情况的程度是预测断肢再植术后血管危象发生的独立危险因素。结论年龄、伤因、离断平面、离断程度、吸烟、动脉修复度、静脉修复度、就医时间、缺血时间、焦虑情况对手指撕脱伤断指再植术后血管危象的发生具有重要影响,对于存在上述危险因素的患者需尽可能缩短术前时间,术中精细操作,尽可能修复多根血管,做好沟通工作,警惕吸烟对血管危象发生的影响。     

动脉静脉转流在末节断指再植术中的应用

动脉静脉转流在末节断指再植术中的应用王东，唐向东，杜作万，唐树伍我院自１９８６年至１９９０年采用动静脉转流为１１例１４指末节断指进行再植，成活１２指，现报告如下：临床资料年龄最小８岁，最大４９岁。离断平面：指甲中段至远侧指间关节８指，指间关节６指，均...     

吻合掌侧静脉及保留指甲的指尖再植

目的: 探讨手指指尖离断的治疗方法及临床效果。方法: 2007年10 月至2011年6月治疗13例18指指尖离断患者,其中男9例,女4例;年龄17～45岁,平均26岁。伤后至就诊时间30 min～5 h,断指缺血时间1.5～7 h,均为常温保存。采用吻合掌指静脉及保留指甲的方法进行再植。结果: 13例18 指断指均成活并获随访,术后无血管危象发生。随访时间为3～24个月,平均14个月。患指外形及长度与健指相似,指甲平整,关节活动良好,触、痛觉恢复,两点辨别率3～6 mm,平均5 mm.根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定标准评定,优14指,良3指,差1指。结论: 采用吻合掌侧静脉及保留指甲的方法进行指尖再植,不仅可以提高断指成活率还可以恢复良好的外观及功能,是一种理想的方法。     

断指再植术后早期指体坏死风险列线图预测模型的建立与验证

目的 探讨断指再植术后早期指体坏死的相关影响因素，建立并验证列线图预测模型。方法 收集2012年1月至2021年12月在中山市中医院显微创伤科接受断指再植术的184例患者236个断指，其中男性161例209个断指，女性23例27个断指；年龄7个月～65岁，平均(36.24±13.28)岁。回顾性分析围手术期临床资料，根据术后早期是否发生指体坏死分为坏死组和未坏死组。以Lasso回归结合(最小绝对值收缩和选择算子回归)及临床角度为依据筛选出断指再植术后早期指体坏死风险的最佳预测特征进入多变量Logistic回归进行分析，结果通过列线图(Nomogram)可视化输出。运用C指数、校准曲线评估列线图的辨别力并校准，最后基于Bootstrap的内部抽样再次验证C指数。结果 Lasso回归分析提示性别、吸烟史、受伤机制、术前缺血时间、血管移植与断指再植术后早期指体坏死相关；多因素Logistic回归分析得出女性、有吸烟史、撕脱伤是断指再植术后早期指体坏死的独立危险因素(P<0.05);模型的C指数为0.78,校正曲线与理想曲线贴合较好，表明模型预测风险与实际风险相近，内部验证C指数为0.7...     

复杂疑难断指再植术

自1963年陈中伟首次报道断臂再植成功后,我国断指再植技术,已达世界先进水平。断指再植技术日臻成熟,再植适应证也在不断拓宽。在我院所进行的4342例5716指断指再植术中,属于复杂疑难断指再植836例1012指,成活906指,成活率90%。现总结报道如下。1 多指离断再植术一般认为3指及3指以上的手指断离即为多指离断。对于多指离断再植术前及术中清创完毕要注意断指的冷藏保存,尽可能缩短热缺血时间。断指     

断指再植128例围手术期护理体会

断指再植术是将完全或不完全离断的肢体在显微镜下,将离断的骨、血管、神经、肌腱及皮肤等组织修复。它不仅需要手术医师高超的技术,同时也需要精湛细心的护理。术后多种因素的影响,均可发生血管危象导致再植指缺血坏死,所以,有效预防、及时处理血管危象是断指再植围手术期的护理重点。我院自2006年1月～2012年1月收治断     

The use of arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during Tamai zone I fingertip replantation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes for patients sustaining a distal fingertip amputation who underwent replantation witharteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage over a one year period at our institution. This technique has been utilized when insufficient veins are identified in the amputated part for standard veno-venous anastomosis.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients presenting from 2013 to 2014. Guillotine, crush, and avulsion/degloving injuries were included if they underwent fingertip (Tamai Zone I) replantation with arterial anastomosis for vascular inflow and arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage. The cases were further classified as Ishikawa subzone I and subzone II.ResultsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during replantation was used in 45 digits in 35 patients. 41 of the 45 digits underwent successful replantation using this technique (91%). The mean active ROM in the DIP joint of the fingers and in the IP joint of thumbs was 65° and 57°, respectively. Sensory evaluation demonstrated a mean of 6.9 mm s2PD in digits where the digital nerves could be repaired. 11 replanted digits without nerve repair regained some sensory recovery with a mean of 9.6 mm s2PD. 91% of patients were highly satisfied with the appearance of the replanted digits based on Tamai criteria.ConclusionsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous outflow should be considered during zone I fingertip replantation if sufficient veins are not identified in the amputated part. This technique may allow for more routine and successful distal replantation.     

拇指旋转撕脱离断伤再植方式的探讨和选择

目的：探讨拇指旋转撕脱离断再植方法的选择、各种术式的优缺点及临床疗效。方法：2009年2月至2012年3月治疗21例拇指旋转撕脱离断伤患者,男16例,女5例;年龄16～45岁,平均32岁。根据患者手指撕脱情况应用不同方法行断指再植术,术后观察患者成活情况及再植指术后功能康复情况。结果：21例再植指,成活19例,失败2例。成活的19例进行随访,时间3～14个月,平均8个月。根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定：优13例,良5例,差1例。结论：按照拇指旋转撕脱离断伤不同情况采用不同再植方法,可获得较高的成活率,并能恢复较好的外形与功能。     

Clinical outcomes of salvage revision surgery following finger replantation with vascular insufficiency: A retrospective study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of revision surgery following replantation of single digital amputations.MethodsIn this study, first, a total of 403 patients (339 male, 64 female; mean age=28 years; age range=1–76) in whom a single finger replantation was performed were retrospectively reviewed, and then 60 patients with arterial or venous insufficiency in whom revision surgery was performed were reanalyzed. The second finger was observed to be the most injured one (32.8%). Injury type was classified as clean cut (25.3%), local crush (38.7), extensive crush (7.9%), and avulsion (28.1%). When taking the levels of injuries of the artery-only finger replantations into account, one finger (0.8%) was nail distal third, 70 fingers (56%) were nail distal third to lunula, 43 fingers (34.4%) were lunula to distal phalanx basis, 10 fingers (8%) were distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, and one finger (0.8%) was middle phalanx. Operative revision was performed on 60 (14.9%) fingers. The need for operative revision was arterial insufficiency in 37 fingers (61.7%) and venous insufficiency in 23 fingers (38.3%). The average revision time was 43 (range=6–144) hours. While the average elapsed time for artery procedures was 35.3 (range=8–110) hours, the average elapsed time for vein procedures was 47.1 (range=6–144) hours. Finger survival rates were examined. Injury mechanism, amputation level, the number of artery/vein repairs and methods were examined in all patients and revision patients separately.ResultsAfter the replantations, according to survival analysis, while 342 (84.9%) fingers were operated upon successfully, 61 (15.1%) fingers developed necrosis. In the patients with revision surgery, the survival rate was 78.3%. The need for revision was arterial insufficiency in 37 fingers (61.7%) and venous insufficiency in 23 fingers (38.3%). The revision rate was significantly lower than other injury types in clean-cut cases. In terms of levels of injury, no revisions were required from distal to lunula level, and the highest revision rate was observed at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint level.ConclusionThe results of the present study have shown that early re-exploration can provide a 78.3% success rate and can increase the survival rate from 67.6% to 84.2% following replantation of single digital amputations. Surgical re-exploration seems to be a reasonable salvage for replanted fingers with vascular insufficiency.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic study     

手指侧方组织块完全离断再植的临床体会

目的:探讨对手指侧方组织块完全离断行再植手术的必要性及方法。方法 :2012年3月至2015年4月,对62例各种原因导致手指组织块完全离断患者的治疗进行回顾性分析,其中男34例,女28例;年龄17~52岁,平均29.1岁。其中拇指27例,示指15例,中指13例,环指8例,小指2例,其中2指合并受伤3例,14例累及远侧指间关节;受伤至治疗时间30 min~2 h,平均1 h。全部采用急诊行再植术。术后随访观察手指外观、指端感觉及患指功能恢复情况。结果:62例完成手术者中58例成活,成活指随访3~15个月,平均6.5个月,按照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分断指再植功能评定试用标准评定疗效,优52例,良3例,可3例,优良率94.8%。结论:对于手指侧方组织块离断再植存活后外观和功能良好,只要患者全身情况允许,远离断的指体尚完整,有可供吻合的血管和神经,都应力争对其进行再植。     

Sensory recovery following digital replantation

The recovery of sensibility following digital replantation is essential in the restoration of hand function. We reviewed 12 series of digital replantations between 1977 and 1989. Three hundred sixty-seven fingers and 87 thumbs were successfully replanted. Mean age was 32.5 years. Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Mean static two-point discrimination (S2PD) was 9.3 mm in clean thumbs vs. 12.1 mm in crush/avulsion thumb replantations. Mean S2PD was 8 mm in clean finger vs. 15 mm in crush/avulsion finger replantations. Overall mean S2PD was 11 mm in thumb and 12 mm in finger replantations. Sixty-one percent of replanted thumbs and 54% of replanted fingers regained useful S2PD (less than 15 mm or greater than or equal to S3 +). Factors that influenced digital sensibility following replantation included patient's age, level and mechanism of injury, digital blood flow, cold intolerance, and postoperative sensory reeducation. Recovery of sensibility in the replanted digit is comparable to simple nerve repair and to nerve grafting techniques. Further emphasis should be on elucidating the mechanism of cold intolerance, which was a significant complaint for most replanted digits. The universal practice of postoperative sensory reeducation will continue to improve digital sensibility following replantation.     

尺侧指固有动脉与桡动脉腕背支桥接的断拇再植

目的:介绍一种治疗近端动脉严重损伤的拇指离断再植术的方法,并评价其疗效。方法:2007年2月至2009年3月,采用前臂掌侧静脉移植,桥接鼻咽窝处桡动脉腕背支与尺侧指固有动脉的远侧断端,治疗13例近端动脉严重损伤的拇指离断。男11例,女2例;年龄16～50岁,平均34.5岁。左侧7例,右侧6例。完全离断8例,不全离断5例。急诊再植10例,按常规步骤再植术后动脉危象探查修复3例。结果:13例拇指全部成活。所有患者获得随访,时间8～17个月,平均11个月。再植拇指外形满意,根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准:优9指,良3指,差1指。指腹两点辨别觉58mm,平均6.5mm。结论:静脉移植桥接鼻咽窝桡动脉腕背支与尺侧指固有动脉远端的方法修复拇指动脉,行复杂拇指离断再植,手术体位舒适,不影响手部血供,扩大了再植适应证,提高了再植成功率。     

静脉动脉化在手指再植与再造中的应用

目的探讨静脉动脉化再植与再造修复手指创伤的方法。方法对手指斜行离断伤、复合组织块离断伤、套脱伤，离断的部分不含动脉或动脉血管纤细无法吻合，或技术因素经多次动脉吻合失败，无法再吻合时，采用静脉动脉化再植，共7例8指。在切取拇甲瓣或第二足趾再造拇、手指时，由于血管变异无法携带可吻合的动脉进行移植、移植术中多次吻合动脉失败或术后发生动脉广泛栓塞，无动脉可再吻合时，改用静脉动脉化修复血管，共2例。结果9例全部成活。术后随访6个月．3年，功能恢复：优5例，良3例，可1例，优良率达89％。结论静脉动脉化手指再植与再造，对无法行动脉吻合的手指及复合组织离断伤，是一种可行的治疗方法。对游离足趾或足趾复合组织移植再造手指术，若动脉系统出现问题，该方法是挽救指体的一种补救措施。     

Replantation of an amputated nasal tip with open venous drainage

Replantation of small parts often results in failure. The impractical size and the frequent absence of veins suitable for anastomosis, together with venous congestion and thrombosis, are the main problems. A case is described of an amputated nasal tip and successful replantation by means of microsurgical arterial repair and open venous drainage due to absence of suitable veins in the specimen. In cases in which there is no possibility of repairing the venous system, open venous drainage may be an easy and feasible method to prevent venous congestion and replant failure. © 1993 Wiley-Liss Inc.