二维及彩色多普勒超声对桥本甲状腺炎的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨高频二维及彩色多普勒超声对桥本甲状腺炎的诊断价值。方法应用HP lP彩色多普勒(CDFI)超声诊断仪对病理组织学明确诊断为桥本甲状腺炎的54例患者行常规检查。结果桥本甲状腺炎多呈弥漫性回声减低型,同时伴有甲状腺增大,其内纤维组织增生呈网格样改变等特点。仅少数患者为点状回声增粗型、多发结节型及限局回声减低型。结论掌握各型桥本氏病二维声像图特点及彩色多普勒血流变化等特点可为临床提供有价值的诊断依据。     

彩色多普勒超声在桥本氏甲状腺炎诊断中的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对桥本氏甲状腺炎的诊断价值.方法 对18例临床明确诊断的桥本氏甲状腺炎患者进行二维超声及彩色多普勒超声检查,并对结果进行回顾性分析.结果 6例早期甲状腺腺体回声减低、增粗,分布不均匀;10例患者腺体回声增强、增粗,内见条索状中强回声,腺体实质呈网格状,2例合并单发或多发低回声结节,一例疑诊桥本氏甲状腺炎,一例考虑结节性甲状腺肿,诊断符合率88.9%(16/18).结论 彩色多普勒超声对桥本氏甲状腺炎的诊断具有重要意义.     

彩色多普勒超声在桥本氏甲状腺炎诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对桥本氏甲状腺炎的诊断价值。方法对18例临床明确诊断的桥本氏甲状腺炎患者进行二维超声及彩色多普勒超声检查,并对结果进行回顾性分析。结果6例早期甲状腺腺体回声减低、增粗,分布不均匀;10例患者腺体回声增强、增粗,内见条索状中强回声,腺体实质呈网格状,2例合并单发或多发低回声结节,一例疑诊桥本氏甲状腺炎,一例考虑结节性甲状腺肿,诊断符合率88.9%(16/18)。结论彩色多普勒超声对桥本氏甲状腺炎的诊断具有重要意义。     

102例桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断分析

目的通过对桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的二维超声图像及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)分析,提高超声诊断符合率.方法102例HT患者经实验室检查和临床病史或手术病理证实,应用二维超声观察甲状腺及病灶的大小、形态、边界、内部回声以及CDFI观察腺体内及病灶区的血流分布.结果超声显示102例桥本甲状腺炎均有甲状腺弥漫性非均匀性肿大,回声不均,48例检出有结节,且结节形态不规则,边界不清,无包膜,内部多为均匀低回声,CDFI显示腺体内血流无明显改变,结节周边血流低或无.结论桥本甲状腺炎声像图有一定的特异性,利用高频探头和彩色多普勒技术,可提高对桥本甲状腺炎超声诊断的敏感性.     

彩色多普勒对桥本氏甲状腺炎诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声血流显像(CDFI)对桥本氏甲状腺炎的诊断价值.方法 对40例桥本甲状腺炎患者的彩色多普勒超声检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果 1)40例患者中有38例甲状腺出现不同程度甲状腺肿大,峡部增厚,占95%.2)甲状腺回声减低,30例患者表现为弥漫性降低,占75%;4例患者表现为局灶性回声减低,占10%.3)有6例患者表现为结节性肿大,占15%.4)有35例患者甲状腺内部血流丰富或较丰富,占87.5%.结论 结论CDFI对桥本甲状腺炎具有特征性声像表现,能显示病灶内丰富的血流信息,是桥本甲状腺炎首选影像学方法.     

82例桥本氏甲状腺炎彩色多普勒超声诊断体会

目的：本文旨在探究彩色多普勒超声显像技术在桥本氏甲状腺炎中的临床诊断价值。方法：对我院所收治的82例经过病理组织学确诊为桥本氏甲状腺炎的患者进行回顾性分析,从而对其甲状腺声像图和血流显示特征进行探究。结果：桥本氏甲状腺炎超声有甲状腺血流增多、腺体弥漫性肿大和回声不均匀呈现出网格状等表现。此外,甲状腺峡部发生明显的增厚现象（平均超过1.1 cm）。结论：桥本氏甲状腺炎声像图改变患者的特征较为明显,彩色多普勒超声显像技术对诊断该病具有较大的临床价值,值得推广。     

桥本氏甲状腺炎超声检查的声像图特征及临床价值

目的：分析桥本氏甲状腺炎的超声声像图特征及其鉴别诊断,评价彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）检查对该病的临床诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析89例临床确诊的桥本氏甲状腺炎的二维及彩色多普勒声像图特征,计算诊断准确率。结果：桥本氏甲状腺炎患者甲状腺明显增大,82.4%峡部明显增厚,80.6%实质回声弥漫或局限性减低、不均匀,69.4%内部呈＂网格＂样,10.2%合并结节。CDFI示86.5%血流丰富,13.5%血流无明显变化或减少。85.4%甲状腺上动脉收缩期峰值流速明显增高。89例病例超声诊断符合率79.8%。结论：桥本氏甲状腺炎超声声像图具有较明显的特征,彩色多普勒超声检查是一种简便、有效的确诊方法。     

超声在桥本氏甲状腺炎与甲状腺功能亢进症鉴别 诊断中的价值

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声在桥本氏甲状腺炎与甲状腺功能亢进症鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选择在本院门诊就诊的桥本氏甲状腺炎患者与甲状腺功能亢进症患者各30例,分别为桥本组与甲亢组,同时选择30例正常检查者为对照组。所有患者均采用超声检査,观察患者甲状腺大小、形态及回声,测量各组甲状腺上动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)及血流阻力指数(RI),比较并分析观察指标与疾病之间的联系。结果对照组二维超声检查表现为两侧甲状腺大小对称,峡部厚度适中,形态规则,边界清晰,腺体内部回声均匀,彩色多普勒超声示甲状腺内可见点状或条索状血流信号。桥本组患者二维超声表现甲状腺增厚以峡部为主,腺体内部可见分隔状或网格样强回声,两侧颈部可见肿大淋巴结,彩色多普勒超声常可见增多血流信号。甲亢组患者二维超声表现甲状腺常呈弥漫性肿大,腺体内部回声可增粗或减低,彩色多普勒超声可见丰富血流信号,呈"火海征"。桥本组及甲亢组患者甲状腺上动脉PSV、EDV均较对照组增快(P0.05或P0.01),且甲亢组增快更为明显(P0.05),三组患者甲状腺上动脉RI值两两比较无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论通过二维超声、彩色多普勒超声表现及甲状腺上动脉频谱参数甲状腺上动脉PSV、EDV综合比较,能简便、快速、准确地鉴别桥本氏甲状腺炎与甲状腺功能亢进症,为临床的诊断与治疗提供依据。     

超声诊断桥本氏甲状腺炎35例分析

目的通过对35例桥本氏甲状腺炎的二维超声及彩色多普勒分析,旨在探讨桥本氏甲状腺炎的特征性改变.结果①弥漫小低回声型24例,发生率68%;②普遍回声降低并条索状高回声呈网格型10例,发生率28%;③合并低回声或高回声或等回声结节7例,发生率20%;④血供丰富型10例,发生率28%;⑤甲状腺前后径及峡部增大18例,发生率51%.结论通过超声的特征性改变:如弥漫小低回声及条索状高回声网格状改变,再结合实验室检查:抗甲状腺抗体测定:(anti-TG:抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体↑anti-TPO:抗甲状腺微粒抗体↑),桥本氏甲状腺炎即可得到明确诊断,对指导临床治疗方案具有重要意义.     

彩色超声声像图诊断分析18例桥本甲状腺炎

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对桥本甲状腺炎的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理检查确诊的18例桥本甲状腺炎患者,根据二维超声及彩色多普勒血流特点分为弥散肿大型、结节肿大型及局限型桥本病三型。结果 18例桥本甲状腺炎中弥散肿大型10例,结节肿大型6例,这16例双侧甲状腺体积较正常明显增大,内部回声减低,部分呈网络样改变,病变部位血流信号丰富;局限型桥本病2例,表现为不均匀低回声区内血流信号丰富,肿大不明显。结论二维超声及彩色多普勒超声可以对桥本甲状腺炎正确分型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.