广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者龈沟液中白介素-17的检测

目的 比较广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者与健康人龈沟液中白介素-17(IL-17)的表达水平及与临床指标的关系。方法 选择广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者18例和健康人16例,共68颗牙,记录临床牙周检查指标,用滤纸条法收集龈沟液。采用抗体夹心ELISA法测定广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者治疗前、治疗后3个月及健康对照者龈沟液中IL-17总量和浓度。结果 广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患牙治疗前龈沟液中IL-17的总量和浓度高于牙周健康牙,基础治疗3个月后广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患牙龈沟液中IL-17的总量和浓度较治疗前下降。广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患牙龈沟液中IL-17浓度与探诊深度、附着丧失和出血指数呈正相关关系,而IL-17总量仅与探诊深度呈正相关关系。结论 龈沟液中IL-17浓度可能与广泛型侵袭性牙周炎牙周破坏及炎症的严重程度相关。?     

Cytokine profile in the gingival crevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic periodontitis

The aim was to assess the cytokine profile in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Databases were searched from 1991 to August 2013 using a combination of various keywords. Eight studies were included. The GCF concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐13 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were reported to be higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls (HC) without CP. In one study, TNF‐α levels in GCF were significantly higher in HC than in RA patients receiving anti‐TNF‐α therapy. One study reported no significant difference in GCF TNF‐α levels among RA patients and HC regardless of anti‐TNF‐α therapy. One study reported no difference in IL‐1β and prostaglandin E₂ levels among RA patients and HC with CP. Raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines are exhibited in the GCF of RA patients with CP.     

慢性牙周炎龈沟液中白细胞介素-8与硫化物的相关关系

目的：探讨慢性牙周炎龈沟液（gingival crevicular fluid，GCF）中白细胞介素-8（interleukin-8，IL-8）与硫化物（suleus sulphide level，SUL）的关系。方法：采用双抗体夹心ELISA法、金刚牙周诊断仪对龈沟液中IL-8和硫化物的含量和临床指标进行测定。23个牙周健康牙作正常对照组（C），12个慢性牙周炎健康牙作实验组1（T1），30个慢性牙周炎患牙作实验组2（T2）。用标准化滤纸条采集观察牙位GCF样本，记录相应位点30’硫化物浓度，同时记录龈沟出血指数（SBI）、牙周袋探诊深度（PPD）、牙周附着丧失水平（CAL）。结果：①受检位点龈沟液中IL-8总量存在显著性差别，其中慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组IL-8总量高于健康牙位组、正常对照组（p〈0.05），但龈沟液中IL-8浓度无显著性差别。龈沟液中IL-8总量与SBI、PPD、CAL之间有明显相关关系（P〈0.05），但IL-8的浓度与临床指标间相关关系不明显。②慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组的硫化物浓度与健康牙位组、正常牙位组之间均有显著性差别（P〈0.05），慢性牙周炎健康牙位组与正常牙位组之间无显著性差别。③慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组硫化物浓度与临床指标间具正相关关系（P〈0.05），而健康牙位组和正常对照组硫化物浓度与临床指标间无相关关系。GCF中慢性牙周炎炎症牙位组的硫化物浓度与IL-8总量具负相关关系（P〈0．05），而慢性牙周炎健康牙位组和正常对照组的硫化物浓度与IL-8总量之间无相关关系。结论：慢性牙周炎患牙龈沟液中IL-8和硫化物的含量与临床指标之间有相关性。龈沟液中细菌代谢产物所产生的硫化物对IL-8的含量存在一定抑制作用。     

慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中白细胞介素-4的检测和意义

目的检测慢性牙周炎患者牙周基础治疗前后龈沟液中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的质量浓度,探讨IL-4与牙周炎的关系及其在牙周炎发病机制、病情进展等方面所起的作用。方法用滤纸条浸润法采集成年健康者和牙周炎患者治疗前后的龈沟液样本,用酶联免疫吸附测定检测样本中IL-4的质量浓度。结果慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL-4的质量浓度低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。经牙周基础治疗1个月后,IL-4的质量浓度无明显变化,治疗前后的差异无统计意义(P>0.05);IL-4的质量浓度与探诊深度呈显著负相关,与牙龈指数和附着丧失无明显相关性。结论IL-4缺乏可能会导致牙周病的发生,IL-4可作为早期诊断牙周病和检测易患人群的敏感性指标。     

Intracytoplasmic enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis

Castro CE, Koss MA, López ME. Intracytoplasmic enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 522–527. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Biochemical parameters of crevicular fluid could provide evidence of periodontal tissue disease. The aim of this study was to analyze enzymes in crevicular fluid in aggressive localized and generalized periodontitis. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty‐four subjects were classified as having localized (n = 36) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 38) and subclassified into moderate and severe groups. Controls were 50 periodontitis‐free subjects. Activities of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil elastase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Among the subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis, values of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase increased notably in moderate and severe periodontitis compared with control subjects. Values for aspartate aminotransferase increased with the severity of the disease, and neutrophil elastase was increased in the moderate and severe states. In generalized aggressive periodontitis, lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values than in control subjects in both periodontal subgroups. Alkaline phosphatase and neutrophil elastase showed higher significant differences between moderate and severe periodontitis compared with the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase showed differences between the severe and moderate periodontitis groups compared with the control group. Of all the enzymes analyzed, only lactate dehydrogenase showed higher values in localized than in generalized aggressive periodontitis. Conclusion: Lactate dehydrogenase may distinguish localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. Alkaline phosphatase increases from moderate to severe states in both types of periodontitis. Aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil elastase only increase with strong evidence of periodontal destruction.     

Chemokine RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid of adult patients with periodontitis

Background, aims: This study presents the first evidence on the presence of the chemokine RANTES in the gingival fluid crevicular (GCF) of patients with periodontitis. RANTES is a chemokine that selectively attracts and activates macrophages and lymphocytes. Leucocytes play a critical rôle in the host response to the subgingival microflora. Method: In this study, the presence de RANTES in GCF was determined in samples obtained from adult patients with periodontitis and from control subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. GCF was collected from different probing depths (<3 mm, 4–6 mm, >6 mm) (n=72); and active (n=12) and inactive sites (n=12). An active site was defined as attachment loss >2 mm, as determined by sequential probing and the tolerance method. GFC was collected for 30 s using Periopaper^® strips, and RANTES was quantified by ELISA. Results: The presence of RANTES was detected exclusively in the group of patients with periodontitis, presenting a total amount of 40.43±16 pg and a concentration 67.80±41 pg/μl. RANTES concentration was significantly higher in probing depth <3 mm than in probing depth >6 mm (87.24 versus 51.87, p=0.014). Total amount and concentration in the GCF samples from active sites were higher that in inactive sites (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding that RANTES is found only in patients with periodontitis, may represent a general feature of chronic inflammatory in periodontal diseases. Finally, RANTES may be implicated in the biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease.     

Phylloquinone in gingival crevicular fluid in adult periodontitis

Abstract. Phylloquinone is a lipid soluble vitamin which is an absolute growth requirement for black-pigmented anaerobes, many of which are implicated in the aetiology of periodontal diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to detect the levels of phylloquinone in GCF from healthy and diseased sites in subjects with adult periodontitis, in order to investigate further its potential role in the disease process. The sample consisted of eighteen patients with adult periodontitis. Periodontal probing depths, attachment levels and gingival indices were recorded from one healthy and one diseased site in each subject. GCF was sampled and the amount of phylloquinone in each sample was determined using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. The mean amount of phylloquinone in accumulated GCF from diseased sites was 406 pg/site and 80 pg/site from healthy sites ( p =0.013). When the amounts of phylloquinone in GCF were expressed as concentrations the values were 228 ng/ml and 3350 ng/ml for diseased and healthy sites respectively ( p =0.084). These findings suggest the levels of phylloquinone in GCF differs in periodontal health and disease in subjects with adult periodontitis. The total phylloquinone at diseased sites may provide the nutritional requirements favouring the growth of black-pigmented anaerobes.     

Interleukin-8 and anti-interleukin-8 autoantibodies in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various forms of periodontitis. In addition, the anti-IL-8 autoantibody has been recently recognized as a potent modulator of IL-8 function. In the current study, the concentrations of IL-8 and its autoantibody in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were compared to those in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with refractory chronic periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluids were collected from patients treated in a private periodontal clinic. Nine patients who were identified as having chronic generalized periodontitis and four with refractory chronic periodontitis were selected for the study. Patients included in the latter group had undergone supportive periodontal therapy for more than 10 years, and during that time had experienced many episodes of periodontal destruction. The gingival crevicular fluid concentrations of total protein, IL-8, free anti-IL-8 autoantibody and IL-8 bound to the autoantibody (anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes) were examined. There were no differences in concentration of total protein, but significantly higher levels of IL-8 were detected in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in comparison to patients with refractory chronic periodontitis (P < 0.05). In addition, anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes were present in 90% of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, but in only 50% of patients with refractory chronic periodontitis. The results suggest that elevated concentrations of free and complexed IL-8 can differentiate patients with chronic generalized periodontitis from patients with refractory chronic periodontitis.     

慢性牙周炎患者血浆和龈沟液蛋白羰基水平的研究

目的 分析慢性牙周炎患者血浆和龈沟液中蛋白羰基水平,评价慢性牙周炎引起的氧化应激下蛋白氧化损伤情况.方法 本研究共纳入慢性牙周炎组患者24例和正常对照组牙周健康者22例.对所有对象进行详细的口腔检查,获取外周血和龈沟液样本,检测血浆和龈沟液中蛋白羰基的水平,分析蛋白羰基水平与牙周临床参数的相关性.结果 慢性牙周炎组患者...     

Gingival crevicular fluid glycosaminoglycan levels in patients with chronic adult periodontitis

Abstract This study investigated levels of hyaluronan and chondroitin-4-sulphate in the crevicular fluid of patients with chronic adult periodontitis at diseased and healthy sites before and after treatment. The relationship between clinical diagnostic parameters and levels of glycosaminoglycans in gingival crevicular fluid were also analysed. Within each patient. 4 sites either mesial or distal and on single rooted teeth were classified as diseased or healthy using a modified gingival index, pocket depth and attachment loss. Crevicular fluid was collected from each site using glass micropipettes and analysed for glycosaminoglycan content by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Significantly higher levels of chondroitin-4-sulphate were detected at diseased sites prior to treatment correlating with increased pocket depth or attachment levels. Following a period of treatment consisting of oral hygiene instruction and root planing, the patients were reassessed for their response to treatment by measuring the modified gingival index, pocket depth, attachment loss and levels of glycosaminoglycans. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan levels at diseased sites that demonstrated a poor response to treatment also demonstrated significantly higher levels of chondroitin-4-sulphate than those sites that responded well to treatment. Hyaluronan levels were less significantly associated with clinically succesful treatment. This study confirmed the use of the sulphated glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-4–sulphate as a potential diagnostic aid of periodontal tissue destruction; however, further longitudinal studies are required to assess their performance.     

吸烟对牙周炎患者龈沟液中弹性蛋白酶水平的影响

目的比较吸烟与非吸烟牙周炎患者和健康人龈沟液中细胞外弹性蛋白酶EA-s和细胞内弹性蛋白酶(EA-p)水平的变化。方法选择慢性牙周炎患者41例,共146个探诊出血(BOP)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)≥4mm、附着丧失(AL)≥2mm的牙周炎位点,将其分为吸烟组79个,非吸烟组67个。同时选择牙周健康者31人作为对照,共85个探诊不出血,牙龈指数(GI)≤1,PD≤3mm,AL≤1mm的位点,同样分为2组,吸烟组45个,非吸烟组40个。观察牙周治疗前、后牙周临床指标菌斑指数(PLI),GI,PD,AL,BOP和龈沟液中EA-s、EA-p水平的变化。结果牙周炎患者中,吸烟组的GI,AL和EA-s水平低于非吸烟组(P<0.05),其余指标差异无显著性(P>0.05),健康者的各项指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。无论是吸烟组还是不吸烟组,牙周炎患者的EA-s,EA-p水平均高于健康者(P<0.05)。结论吸烟会降低牙周炎患者龈沟液中EA-s水平,但对EA-p水平影响不大。吸烟对健康人EA水平无显著影响。     

Characterization of bone resorbing activity in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis

BACKGROUND: In attempts to elucidate factors stimulating bone resorption in patients with different inflammatory diseases in the vicinity of the skeleton, e.g., peridontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, we are investigating the presence of bone-resorbing activity in a variety of inflammatory exudates. The aim of the present study was to characterize the bone-resorbing activity present in patients with periodontitis. METHODS: Bone-resorbing activity was assessed in gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) collected from patients with periodontitis and from patients with no signs of gingivitis. Bone-resorbing activity was evaluated by analyzing the capacity of GCFs to stimulate the release of minerals and the breakdown of bone matrix proteins in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae. The concentrations of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and PGE2 were determined with ELISA and RIA techniques, respectively. RESULTS: GCF eluates from 24 different healthy sites caused a 1.23+/-0.05 fold stimulation of 45Ca release, whereas GCF eluates from 45 different diseased (periodontitis) sites caused a 2.46+/-0.10 fold stimulation. The effect on 45Ca release was time- and concentration-dependent, inhibited by 3 different osteoclast inhibitors and associated with enhanced release of 3H from [3H]-proline-labelled bones. The activity in GCF causing enhanced 45Ca release was unaffected, or in some samples partially reduced, by ultrafiltration using a filter with a molecular weight cut-off of 3000 Daltons. The bone-resorbing activity was temperature sensitive (+90degrees C, 10 min). The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the diluted GCF eluates, used in the bone resorption bioassay, were too low to be responsible for the release of 45Ca. Antisera specifically neutralizing human IL-1a inhibited the stimulatory effect of GCF pooled from several diseased sites. The specific, recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist completely inhibited the effect of pooled GCFs. GCF eluates from diseased sites contained human IL-1alpha and IL-1beta at concentrations of 1838+/-294 pg/ml and 512+/-91 pg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that GCF contains activity(ies) stimulating osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The factor primarily responsible for this activity seems to be IL-1alpha, but IL-1alpha is not the sole activator of bone resorption in GCF.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels and elastase activities in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic adult periodontitis patients

AIM: To make an initial assessment of the periodontal diagnostic potential of immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by comparison with elastase activity which has previously been associated with disease severity and progression. METHODS: GCF was collected from molar and premolar sites of 16 chronic adult periodontitis patients before treatment and 13 of this group 2 weeks after scaling and root planing. Samples were analysed for MMP-8 by immunofluorometric assay and for elastase activity with a fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS: Mean patient clinical parameters and GCF enzyme totals both decreased significantly after treatment. Total MMP-8 levels and elastase activities generally correlated significantly with gingival and bleeding indices. For GCF concentrations, only MMP-8 showed a significant fall after treatment, and some significant correlations with clinical parameters. Amounts of the 2 enzymes correlated significantly with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Similarities between MMP-8 and elastase probably reflect the fact that both enzymes are associated mainly with neutrophils: MMP-8 levels may have fallen more after treatment because the assay, unlike that for elastase, would most likely not have detected much enzyme bound to alpha-macroglobulin. The immunoassay for MMP-8 is more specific and convenient than functional collagenase assays, and might be suitable for monitoring the periodontal condition.     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中乳酸脱氢酶水平分析

目的：探讨龈沟液中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）水平对于慢性成人牙周炎患者诊断及预后观察的意义。方法：酶动力学方法。结果：患病部位和健康部位龈沟液中ＬＤＨ水平有非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）。探诊深度和龈沟液中ＬＤＨ水平呈正相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。附着丧失水平和龈沟液中ＬＤＨ水平呈正相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：龈沟液中ＬＤＨ水平对于慢性成人牙周炎的诊断和疗效监测具有一定的临床意义。     

慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白介素-10水平的变化

目的探讨慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中抗炎性细胞因子白介素(IL)-10水平的变化。方法采集12例慢性牙周炎患者的12个健康牙位和36个炎症牙位于治疗前及治疗后6、122、4周的龈沟液,用酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)检测龈沟液中IL-10的浓度。另外,分别记录治疗前、后的探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈指数(GI)和菌斑指数(PlI)。结果IL-10浓度在健康牙位明显高于炎症牙位(P<0.01),且于牙周治疗后明显升高。IL-10浓度与探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-10浓度与牙周组织破坏程度呈负相关,在牙周炎中起抗炎作用。     

Effect of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review

In the present study, the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis was assessed. The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) question was: In smokers with chronic periodontitis (population), what is the effect of SRP (intervention) in comparison to SRP in non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis (comparison) on the GCF cytokine/chemokine level (outcome)? Indexed databases were searched up to September 2017. Of 4330 titles, nine studies reporting the levels of 13 different cytokines/chemokines were included. Eight studies had a moderate risk of bias, while one study had a high risk of bias. Almost all cytokines/chemokines were pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Five cytokines/chemokines studied in four clinical studies were decreased in the smoker‐chronic periodontitis group following SRP. One study observed that the GCF levels of interleukin‐17 increased, while anti‐inflammatory osteoprotegerin was reduced in both the SCP and non‐smoker‐chronic periodontitis groups at follow up. However, the majority of cytokines/chemokines did not change in the SCP groups at follow up. The current weight of evidence is not sufficient to prove that SRP has an impact on GCF cytokine/chemokine profile in smokers with chronic periodontitis. Evaluation of wide panels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines related to collagen degradation and alveolar bone destruction in future studies are warranted.