搭桥式组织瓣移植在下肢组织缺损修复中的临床应用

目的探讨应用搭桥式游离组织瓣移植治疗患侧下肢复杂性组织缺损的临床价值。方法2003年3月~2009年1月,对38例足踝及小腿部特殊的组织缺损患者行桥式组织瓣移植修复,并对其行临床总结。应用髂骨皮瓣修复小腿骨及皮肤缺损7例,胸脐皮瓣移植修复足及小腿皮肤缺损5例,背阔肌皮瓣移植修复小腿大面积皮肤缺损3例,股前外侧(肌)皮瓣修复小腿部皮肤缺损21例,腓骨瓣串联股前外侧皮瓣移植2例。术后4~6周断蒂,供区动脉重新吻合修复。结果组织瓣移植全部成活,成活率达100%。移植骨瓣于术后3～6个月有骨痂形成包裹,创面无一例发生感染,均经组织瓣一期闭合。术后35例获随访6个月～3年,远期随访效果满意,供区无明显功能受限。结论搭桥式组织瓣移植是修复下肢严重复杂组织缺损的理想方法。     

大段游离胫骨异位预构骨皮瓣二期带蒂原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨大段游离胫骨异位血管化预构骨皮瓣二期带蒂原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。[方法]对2例大段胫骨开放性粉碎性骨折并皮肤软组织缺损者,其中,1例胫骨骨折术后发生严重感染(例1),另1例游离胫骨段严重污染(例2),分别将体外灭菌处理的大段游离胫骨异位于股直肌与股外侧肌间隙之旋股外侧动脉降支血管处预构骨皮瓣,同时对胫骨开放创面进行抗感染治疗,待感染创面治愈后,择期行携带旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的异位血管化骨皮瓣原位回植修复骨及皮肤软组织缺损。[结果]两患者游离胫骨段在异位预构骨皮瓣的整个过程中均未发生感染,预构骨皮瓣术后3个月DSA均显示:游离胫骨段周围可见大量血管生长,且部分血管长入胫骨段内。1例小腿部感染创面在预构骨皮瓣术后6个月治愈;预构骨皮瓣术后1年行带血管蒂的预构骨皮瓣原位回植修复胫骨及小腿部皮肤缺损,回植术后5个月,原骨折部位下段发生慢性感染,经抗感染治疗6个月后治愈;回植术后12个月患肢负重行走功能开始恢复。例2污染创面在预构骨皮瓣术后一个半月闭合;预构骨皮瓣术后6个月行带血管蒂的骨皮瓣原位回植修复胫骨及小腿部皮肤缺损;回植术后11个月患肢负重行走功能完全恢复。[结论]大段游离胫骨异位于股直肌与股外侧肌间隙之旋股外侧动脉降支血管处可预构带血管蒂的骨皮瓣,其可作为修复大段骨缺损的自体骨来源,为大段骨缺损的治疗提供新思路。     

游离皮瓣移植结合骨段滑移技术治疗胫骨骨髓炎骨缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣移植结合骨段滑移技术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎的临床疗效. 方法 2004年3月至201 1年1月选取合并大段骨缺损及大面积贴骨瘢痕的胫骨创伤性骨髓炎35例,采取骨段截除的方式彻底去除骨感染病灶,彻底清除病灶周围炎性肉芽组织及贴骨瘢痕,采取游离股前外侧皮瓣移植结合骨段滑移技术一次性解决骨与软组织缺损. 结果 皮瓣全部成活,其中有3例皮瓣远端皮缘坏死,给予换药后痊愈,4例发生钉道感染,给予抗生素治疗后感染得以控制；骨段滑移断端均完全愈合,其中26例为直接愈合,因骨运输远端骨端出现纤维连接而行植骨术9例.35例全部获得随访,随访时间6～ 13个月,平均8.3个月,未见二次骨折及成角畸形发生,骨愈合时间平均为48.3周,无1例感染复发. 结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣移植结合骨段滑移技术能在保证病灶清除彻底的基础上一次性解决创伤性骨髓炎骨缺损与贴骨瘢痕问题,临床疗效肯定.     

应用小腿外侧皮瓣修复小腿下段组织缺损

目的报道应用小腿外侧皮瓣修复小腿下段组织缺损的方法和临床效果.方法1993年2月～2002年6月应用小腿外侧皮瓣17例,其中带腓骨复合瓣6例,修复小腿下段组织缺损包括胫骨缺损,皮肤缺损最大22cm×11cm,胫骨缺损2～4cm,切取皮瓣最大23cm×12cm,受区吻合血管为胫前动、静脉.结果术后皮瓣均全部成活,软组织及骨缺损修复效果好,随访6～38个月,植骨与骨折端于术后2～4个月达临床愈合,术后3～6个月达骨性愈合,术后11～18个月塑形接近胫骨形态.结果小腿外侧皮瓣具有血管解剖恒定,厚薄适中,可带腓骨复合瓣的优点,是修复小腿下段组织缺损的有效方法.     

股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年7月,将股前外侧皮瓣与腓骨皮瓣的轴心血管串联吻合后移植修复8例小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴大段胫骨缺损患者.皮肤软组织缺损面积为23 cm×12cm～34 cm×16 cm,骨缺损长度为7～16 cm.股前外侧皮瓣切取面积为16 cm×12 cm～28 cm×15cm,腓骨皮瓣切取面积为15 cm×6 cm～21 cm×10 cm,腓骨切取长度为10～18 cm.结果 7例串联组织瓣一期成活,1例术后皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药伤口逐渐愈合.8例患者术后获7～31个月(平均16个月)随访.3～6个月移植腓骨愈合,术后1年移植腓骨直径明显增粗.所有皮瓣质地柔软,形态及功能满意,供区无功能障碍.结论 应用股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣联合移植能有效修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损,且缩短了病程,减少了肢体的伤残率.     

一期皮瓣移植、二期胫骨骨膜瓣联合自体骨植骨治疗Gustilo ⅢB、ⅢC型小腿骨质与软组织缺损

目的 评估一期皮瓣移植、二期胫骨骨膜瓣联合自体髂骨植骨治疗Gustilo ⅢB、ⅢC型小腿骨质与软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2010-01—2019-12诊治的29例Gustilo ⅢB型和ⅢC型小腿骨质与软组织缺损,一期清创后封闭负压引流并外固定架固定,待创面组织新鲜后行皮瓣移植修复术（股前外侧游离皮瓣9例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣8例,腓肠肌皮瓣6例,腘窝中间皮动脉皮瓣4例,胫后动脉穿支皮瓣2例）,二期采用胫骨骨膜瓣联合自体髂骨植骨修复骨缺损。取内侧骨膜瓣时钢板放置于外侧,取外侧骨膜瓣时钢板放置于内侧,放置钢板时应避开骨膜瓣与血管蒂,避免将钢板放置于骨膜瓣上而影响骨膜瓣血运。结果 29例均获得随访,随访时间平均21.5(12～30)个月。自体髂骨移植后骨愈合良好,骨愈合时间4～8个月,平均4.5个月。骨折端有骨痂形成,髓腔再通,无内固定物松动断裂、感染、骨折畸形愈合发生。末次随访时所有患者患肢无疼痛,均恢复了负重和行走功能,膝、踝关节活动度良好。末次随访时Johner-Wruhs评分结果：优21例,良7例,可1例。结论 对于Gustilo ⅢB、ⅢC型小腿骨质与软组织缺损患...     

旋股外侧动脉降支分叶肌皮瓣治疗肢体皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的分叶肌皮瓣治疗肢体皮肤软组织缺损骨感染的临床效果。方法应用旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂，肌皮支形成股前外侧皮瓣、肌支形成股外侧肌瓣的分叶肌皮瓣游离移植，治疗四肢伴有骨关节感染、内固定外露的皮肤软组织缺损24例。结果术后23例肌皮瓣全部成活，1例坏死，行皮片移植术。Ⅰ期愈合16例，Ⅱ期愈合8例。3例于伤口愈合后形成窦道，其中1例两次形成窦道，均行清创手术后窦道闭合，最长1年后伤口愈合。4例外伤后骨髓炎伴骨缺损，于伤口愈合后6～8个月行植骨术，伤口无感染，其中2例骨愈合。22例伤口愈合后随访6～20个月无再感染。结论旋股外侧动脉降支分叶肌皮瓣具有血管蒂长、腔隙填充完全、应用灵活、抗感染力强的特点，是治疗伴有骨感染的肢体皮肤软组织缺损较为理想的肌皮瓣。     

胫骨皮瓣修复小腿感染性骨皮缺损的应用

目的探讨胫骨皮瓣在修复小腿感染性骨皮缺损中的应用及效果。方法2000年2月～2005年3月，收治因外伤致小腿开放性骨折68例。男47例，女21例，年龄8～59岁。按Gustilo分型均为Ⅲ型。其中4例一期行胫骨皮瓣游离移植术，64例急诊术后形成小腿感染性骨皮缺损。胫骨缺损长度4～18cm，皮肤缺损范围8cm×3cm～22cm×11cm，创面均有脓性渗出物。经中药薰洗湿敷后，利用胫骨皮瓣通过游离移植、交腿移位和同侧移位方法，重建患肢胫骨支架连续性并修复创面。切取皮瓣范围9cm×4cm～25cm×12cm，骨瓣长度为6～21cm。结果术后1例因血管危象经探查再吻合血管失败，改用腓骨皮瓣修复。1例切取胫骨皮瓣21cm，因近端为延长血管蒂，骨膜与骨瓣剥离过长，随访6个月近端仍延迟愈合；余患者3～5个月骨瓣与受区胫骨愈合。68例均获随访6个月～5年，43例随访2年以上者均能负重行走，步态无明显异常，能从事原工作。结论在充分抗感染的基础上，根据患肢具体情况采用胫骨皮瓣游离移植、交腿移位和同侧移位一期重建胫骨支架连续性及修复皮肤缺损创面，适用于小腿多种类型骨皮缺损创面，成功率高，能保留患肢，为功能恢复创造条件。     

小腿难治性骨折的显微外科治疗体会

从2001年10月至2011年4月,本院采用显微外科技术利用不同组织瓣移植消除创面,控制感染,同时结合植骨或骨搬移技术修复骨缺损,治疗了41例难治性胫骨骨折取得良好效果. 资料与方法 本组共41例,男24例、女17例,年龄20～63岁.车祸伤22例,重物挤压伤13,机器绞伤6例.小腿创面不同程度感染渗出,胫骨骨缺损长度为3～ 14 cm,小腿皮肤缺损面积3 cm×6 cm～7 cm×25 cm.入院后一期通过病灶扩创清除死骨等失活组织,术中拆除内固定钢板更换外固定支架固定,应用VSD覆盖、控制感染达到创面肉芽新鲜.对于皮肤缺损面积小、感染轻的17例患者选择了游离腓骨皮瓣一期修复缺损;对于皮肤缺损面积较大或感染重、病程长的24例患者首先选择行游离肌皮瓣移植消灭创面控制感染,以肌皮瓣肌肉组织填塞扩创后遗留的组织缺损.经过4～6个月观察无渗出后处理骨缺损.     

腓骨骨皮瓣组合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿复合组织缺损

目的 探讨腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣组合移植修复严重小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损的临床效果.方法 应用腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣串联或并联组合移植,修复严重小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损36例.新鲜无菌创面10例,晚期感染创面26例.创面面积25 cm×18 cm～45 cm×13 cm,平均36 cm×16 cm,股前外侧皮瓣切取范围12 cm×13 cm～32 cm×18 cm,腓骨骨皮瓣切取范围2.0 cm×1.5 cm～18.0 cm×16.0 cm,腓骨切取长度10～24 cm.并联移植30例,串联移植6例,急诊手术5例,亚急诊手术5例,择期手术26例.结果 36例全部成功,35例获得随访,随访时间1～3年.术后发生动脉危象1例,静脉危象2例.移植组织全部成活34例,2例并联腓骨皮瓣部分坏死,行皮片移植后愈合.修复创面一期愈合32例,二期愈合4例,愈合时间12～28d,腓骨移植骨愈合时间3～6个月.应用Enneking评分23～28分,平均26分,供区无功能障碍.结论 腓骨骨皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣组合移植修复小腿软组织缺损并骨缺损可使复杂创面修复一期完成,虽难度大风险高,但仍是一种理想的治疗方法.     

逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣转移治疗膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染

目的 探讨以膝上外侧动脉为蒂的逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣转移治疗膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的临床疗效.方法 2007年3月至2008年3月,11例各种原因导致膝关节周围及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的患者,男8例,女3例;年龄23～65岁,平均33.4岁;左腿7例,右腿4例.病史最长8个月,最短6 h.1例为开放性创伤致膝前下方皮肤及软组织缺损伴胫骨平台骨折,予一期清创、骨折内固定及皮瓣转移治疗;10例膝周及小腿上段慢性皮肤、软组织缺损伴感染,经抗感染、清创、引流等治疗后再行逆行股前外侧皮瓣转移二期修复软组织缺损.创面面积最大12 cm×7 cm,最小6.3cm×3.0 cm.结果 11例患者均获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,平均4.7个月.所有转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣在术后全部成活.其中3例于术后1～2周因转移的皮瓣皮缘愈合差,再次行皮瓣边缘修整术.9例供区采取直接缝合,2例供区予部分缝合加植皮.术后3个月所有皮瓣均未发生坏死或感染,无膝关节活动障碍.结论 对膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的病例,控制感染后,可采用逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣进行修复.股前外侧皮瓣薄,易存活,肌皮瓣可填塞空腔,抗感染力强,且供区常可直接缝合,减少手术创伤.     

应用股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤缺损

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣修复足背皮肤软组织缺损的效果和体会。方法应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复8例足背皮肤软组织缺损,皮瓣面积（11 cm×6 cm）-（20 cm×11 cm）。结果术后8例皮瓣全部成活。均获随访,平均12（6-18）月。6例恢复保护性感觉,2例感觉恢复较差。皮瓣外观均显臃肿,3例经二期修整后改善,供区愈合良好。结论股前外侧皮瓣是修复足背皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

股前外侧皮瓣远侧肌皮穿支的解剖学研究与临床应用

目的 研究供养股前外侧皮瓣的远侧肌皮穿支的解剖特征及其在股前外侧皮瓣移植中的应用价值.方法 2007年7月至2009年12月,对10例新鲜尸体及96例应用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面病例的远侧肌皮支进行解剖学观察.临床应用股前外侧远侧肌皮穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损35例,男19例,女16例;年龄28～55岁,平均38.5岁;单瓣20例,分叶皮瓣15例.单瓣切取面积7 cm×15cm～9 cm×25 cm,分叶皮瓣切取面积5 cm×7 cm～8 cm×20 cm.皮瓣切取时间1～1.5 h.结果 组织瓣移植全部成活32例,部分性坏死3例.术后随访6～11个月,平均7.8个月.1例患者术后早期主诉膝关节不稳定感,术后6个月改善.尸体解剖研究发现:位于髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线远1/4段内的皮支均以肌皮穿支的形式出现,肌皮支穿出部位靠近股外侧肌前内缘,不超过肌肉横径1/2,一般在肌肉横径的1/3以内;远侧肌皮支主要来源于旋股外侧血管降支,1例2侧来源于股动脉,1例2侧来源于股深动脉穿支.临床解剖观察发现:94例出现2～5个远侧肌皮穿支,2例无远侧肌皮穿支,其主干旋股外侧动脉降支变异为直接肌皮支,近端有肌间隔肌皮支出现.结论 远侧肌皮穿支相对恒定,可以作为股前外侧皮瓣近侧肌皮支缺如病例的替代血管,也是实现分叶皮瓣移植的解剖基础.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of the distal musculocutaneous perforators derived from the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery in the anterolateral thigh flap transplantation. Methods From July 2007 to December 2009, the anatomic variations of musculocutaneous perforator were investigated in 96 cases who received anterolateral thigh flap and 10 preserved cadavers. Thirty-five cases who received the anterolateral thigh flap using the distal musculocutaneous perforators were included in the study. There were 19 males and 16 females. The age ranged from 28-55 years old, with an average of 38.5 years old. Single flap was used in 20 cases while lobulated flap in 15 cases. Single flap area ranged from 7 cm×15 cm to 9 cm×25 cm, lobulated flap ranged from 5 cm×7 cm to 8 cm×20 cm. Results The cadaver study found that the most musculocutaneous perforators were concentrated in the far fourth of the anterolateral thigh region. The musculocutaneous perforators commonly arose from the the lateral femoral circumflex artery. The perforator arose directly from the femoral artery or the deep femoral artery in one case separately. In the clinical study, 2-5 musculocutaneous perforators were found in 94 cases but not in the other 2 cases. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery became the direct m musculocutaneous perforator. The proximal intermuscularseptum perforator was found in 2 cases. Postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6-11 months. All flaps survived in the follow-up.Marginal necrosis was found in 3 cases. Only 1 case had complained of knee joint instability. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the vascular anatomy of the distal musculocutaneous perforator was reliable. The perforator may serve as an option for proximal one in anterolateral thigh flap transplantation.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对14例胫前皮肤、软组织缺损伴骨外露患者,应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复,皮瓣切取面积14cm×6cm～23cm×12cm,供区直接缝合或以全厚皮片植皮修复。结果术后14例皮瓣全部存活,创面一期愈合,术后随访3～24个月(平均8个月),皮瓣质地优良,无溃疡发生,8例获保护性感觉,骨折愈合后下肢可负重行走。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣是修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的有效方法。     

Foot and ankle reconstruction: An experience on the use of 14 different flaps in 226 cases

The aim of this report was to present our experience on the use of different flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. From 2007 to 2012, the soft tissue defects of traumatic injuries of the foot and ankle were reconstructed using 14 different flaps in 226 cases (162 male and 64 female). There were 62 pedicled flaps and 164 free flaps used in reconstruction. The pedicled flaps included sural flap, saphenous flap, dorsal pedal neurocutaneous flap, pedicled peroneal artery perforator flap, pedicled tibial artery perforator flap, and medial plantar flap. The free flaps were latissimus musculocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap, groin flap, lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, peroneal artery perforator flap, thoracdorsal artery perforator flap, medial arm perforator flap. The sensory nerve coaptation was not performed for all of flaps. One hundred and ninety‐four cases were combined with open fractures. One hundred and sixty‐two cases had tendon. Among 164 free flaps, 8 flaps were completely lost, in which the defects were managed by the secondary procedures. Among the 57 flaps for plantar foot coverage (25 pedicled flaps and 32 free flaps), ulcers were developed in 5 pedicled flaps and 6 free flaps after weight bearing, and infection was found in 14 flaps. The donor site complications were seen in 3 cases with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap transfer. All of limbs were preserved and the patients regained walking and daily activities. All of patients except for one regained protective sensation from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Our experience showed that the sural flap and saphenous flap could be good options for the coverage of the defects at malleolus, dorsal hindfoot and midfoot. Plantar foot, forefoot and large size defects could be reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. For the infected wounds with dead spce, the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap remained to be the optimal choice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:600–604, 2013.     

股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对62例伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积6 cm×4 cm~25 cm×15 cm。术前、术中彻底清创受区,切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,处理血管危象。结果 62例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。出现血管危象6例,经及时处理后皮瓣恢复血液循环5例,皮瓣坏死1例,成功率为98.39%。结论股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,可用于伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损修复。     

Reconstruction of Large Area of Deep Wound in the Foot and Ankle with Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical application and surgical efficacy of the chimeric perforator flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the lateral thigh muscle flap for the reconstruction of the large area of deep wound in foot and ankle.MethodsClinical data of 32 cases who underwent chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap to repair the large area of deep wound of the foot and ankle from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The sizes of the defects ranged from 18 cm × 10 cm to 35 cm × 20 cm, with exposed tendon and bone and/or partial defects and necrosis, contaminations, accompanied by different degrees of infection. Following the radical debridement and VSD, chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap was employed to repair the deep wounds according to the position, site and deep‐tissue injury of the soft‐tissue defects. The skin flap and muscle flap were fanned out on the wound, and single‐ or two‐staged split‐thickness skin grafting was performed on the muscle flap. The operation time and blood loss were recorded. The survival and healing conditions of the operational site with chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap were evaluated post‐operationally. Complications at both recipient site and donor site were carefully recorded.ResultsThe mean time of the operation was 325.5 min and average blood loss was 424.8 mL. Among the 32 cases, two cases developed vascular crisis, which were alleviated with intensive investigation and treatment; Four cases suffered from partial necrosis of the flap or skin graft on the muscle flap or on the residual local wound, which were improved after treatment of further dressing change and skin grafting. Another four cases experienced post‐traumatic osteomyelitis accompanied by bone defect were treated with simple bone grafting or Mesquelet bone grafting at 6–8 months after wound healing. Postoperatively, the wounds were properly healed, and the infection was effectively controlled without sinus tract forming. Overall, all 32 cases received satisfactory efficacy, without influencing subsequent functional reconstruction, and observed infection during the 12–36 months post‐operational follow‐up.ConclusionThe chimeric perforator flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the lateral thigh muscle flap provides an effective and relative safe procedure for the repair of a large area of deep wound in the foot and ankle, particularly with irregular defect or deep dead space.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣组合移植修复四肢骨与软组织缺损

目的 探讨股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣组合移植修复四肢骨与软组织缺损的应用特点.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年1月,用股前外侧穿支皮瓣制备血流桥接皮瓣串联旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣、髂骨膜骨瓣或皮瓣修复10例四肢骨与软组织缺损患者资料,男9例,女1例;年龄21～57岁,平均39.7岁;血流桥接髂骨骨皮瓣7例,髂骨膜骨瓣2例,髂腹股沟皮瓣1例;重建手3例,足4例,小腿3例;平均皮肤缺损面积20 cm×9.7 cm.结果 股前外侧穿支皮瓣平均17.8 cm×9.4 cm,髂腹股沟皮瓣平均8.4 cm×4.5 cm,髂骨膜骨瓣平均5.4 cm×2.1 cm×0.8 cm,血管桥平均长10.5 cm.1例髂骨骨皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后植皮愈合,余皮瓣顺利成活.10例患者均获得6～36个月(平均12个月)随访.手损伤者平均骨愈合时间3个月,平均臂肩手残疾问卷评分43分;足损伤者平均骨愈合时间4个月,日本外科协会足部疾患治疗效果评分平均71.3分;小腿损伤者平均骨愈合时间4.5个月,Puno等评分平均91分.供区瘢痕颜色白、平软,6例大腿瘢痕增宽,2例瘢痕周围有麻木感,3例髂腹股沟区瘢痕增宽.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣桥接旋髂浅动脉蒂组织瓣移植可自由调整组织瓣位置,供区副损伤小,是修复大面积、结构复杂或类型特殊四肢骨与软组织缺损的一种较好方法.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方组织缺损

目的 探讨总结应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损中重建踝关节稳定性的疗效与作用.方法 对13例因足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损伤病例应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复,将组织瓣中的阔筋膜两侧部分折叠与受区相邻软组织间断缝合固定,旋股外侧血管降支与受区血管吻合,移植股前外侧肌皮瓣面积最大为20 cm×12 cm,术后3个月石膏继续固定维持踝关节于功能位.随访时间1.5至20年.从患者主观感受、临床症状与体征和影像学检查评估踝关节稳定情况.结果 术后早期3个月内踝关节稳定性仍需外固定维持扶助,半年后即可稳定.13例中获得5年以上随访10例、10年以上6例、15年以上3例(分别为15年、18年、20年).5年后均有影像学踝关节创伤性改变,但临床症状与之不完全呈现相关性,13例中目前尚无1例因功能受限需行关节融合术.结论 股前外侧肌皮瓣是修复足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损重建并维持踝骨关节稳定、避免早期关节融合,特别对青少年伤者是一种良好选择.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the long-time clinical results and effection of free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for repairing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,especially for reconstructing stability of the ankle joints. Methods Thirteen patients with complex tissue defects,involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,were treated by free anterolateral thigh fasciomusculocutaneous flap.The fascia lata which was involved in the flap was fixed with the adjacent tissue of the recipient area.The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels were anastomosed with the vessels in the recipient area.The largest area of the flap was 20 cm × 12 cm.The ankle joint was fixed in functional position with plaster in the early 3 months post-operatively.The following time ranged from 1.5 years to 20 years.The stability of the ankle joint were evatuated with the patients' objective feeling and clinical symptoms and imaging study.Results The stability of the ankle should be protected by external fixation in the early 3 months postoperatively,and was restored at 6 months usually.In all cases,ten cases were followed over 10 years,six cases were followed over 6 years,three cases were followed over 15 years.Though radiological discovering suggesting traumatic esteoarthritis exited in 3 cases with a follow-up more than 5 years,the clinical manifestations were fair and no one need undergo arthredesis. Conclusion Using ant erolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel repairing stability of the joint and ovoiding off early arthrodosis of the joint is one of the favorable choice,especially for the teen-agers.