枳术宽中胶囊对嗅球损毁大鼠抑郁症模型的抗抑郁作用研究

目的 研究枳术宽中胶囊对嗅球损毁大鼠行为学、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能及海马单胺神经递质含量的影响.方法 实验动物分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组、氟西汀组、枳术宽中胶囊大、中、小剂量组,给药21 d.用敞箱观测大鼠行为学的变化,用放免法检测血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)浓度,用高效液相电化学法检测海马5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量.结果 枳术宽中胶囊大剂量组抑制了大鼠嗅球切除后的敞箱高活动行为,增加了海马5-HT (P<0.01)、NE(P<0.05)含量.枳术宽中胶囊各剂量组均降低了嗅球切除大鼠的血清CRH和ACTH含量,但是大、中剂量组升高了CORT含量.结论 枳术宽中胶囊有抗抑郁作用,其机制可能是减少5-HT在海马的消除,增加5-HT含量,改善应激造成的HPA皮质功能紊乱状态.     

电针对慢性应激模型大鼠行为学及海马谷氨酸含量影响的研究

目的探讨电针对慢性应激模型大鼠行为学的影响及对海马谷氨酸含量的调节作用。方法采用应激刺激作用于SD大鼠制成慢性应激模型,电针“百会”“印堂”穴,每天1次,每次20min;百优解于每日刺激前1h灌胃给药,共21d。通过开野实验及游泳实验进行行为学检测,运用放免法(RIA)检测下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)、垂体促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、肾上腺及海马皮质酶(CORT)含量,比色法测定海马内谷氨酸(Glu)含量,与空白组、模型组、百优解组做比较。结果与空白组相比,模型组开野实验的水平运动次数和垂直运动次数明显减少,强迫游泳不动时间明显增加,下丘脑CRF、垂体ACTH、肾上腺及海马CORT、海马内Glu含量明显升高;电针组和百优解组开野实验的运动次数明显增加,强迫游泳不动时间明显减少,下丘脑CRF、垂体ACTH、肾上腺及海马CORT、海马Glu含量降低。结论慢性应激引起大鼠的活动性降低,探究行为减少,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴亢进并引起大鼠海马内CORT、Glu含量升高,电针可能通过调整HPA轴相关激素水平纠正海马内CORT、Glu含量,从而改善慢性应激大鼠的行为表现。     

乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂干预对慢性不可预知应激大鼠模型抗抑郁作用及机制的研究

目的观察乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂对慢性不可预知应激大鼠行为学、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能以及海马组织单胺类神经递质含量的影响。方法选取SD大鼠72只,随机分为正常对照组、应激模型组、氟西汀组、乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂(高、中、低剂量)组,给药28 d,实验结束时对各组大鼠进行糖水消耗实验、Morris水迷宫实验监测,采用放免法检测血清皮质酮(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)的浓度,高效液相-电化学法检测海马中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及多巴胺(DA)的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠造模4周后,糖水偏嗜度明显降低,Morris水迷宫实验中大鼠逃避潜伏期延长、在目标象限的时间及总路程减少(P0.05);血液指标显示,模型组大鼠血清中的ACTH、CORT、CRH含量明显升高,海马组织单胺神经递质5-HT、NE和DA的含量明显降低(P0.05)。与模型组相比,乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂490 mg/kg,245 mg/kg剂量组可显著升高模型组大鼠糖水偏嗜度,缩短大鼠逃避潜伏期,增加大鼠在目标象限的时间及总路程(P0.05,P0.01)。还可显著降低模型大鼠血清中ACTH、CORT、CRH含量,升高海马组织5-HT,NE和DA的含量(P0.05)。结论乌灵菌粉贯叶连翘复方制剂具有一定的抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与增加海马组织中5-HT、DA、NE的含量,改善应激刺激导致的HPA轴功能紊乱状态有关。     

逆灸对亚健康状态大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴-5-羟色胺通路的影响

目的:从下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA轴)-5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)(HPA轴-5-HT)通路探讨逆灸预防大鼠亚健康状态的部分机制。方法:采用清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠30只,按随机数字表法分为空白组(10只)、模型组(10只)和逆灸组(10只)。逆灸组预先选用"足三里""肾俞"穴进行逆灸(灸预处理)21 d,继而与模型组均采用束缚应激结合游泳运动(21 d)制备大鼠亚健康状态模型;空白组不作任何治疗。各组大鼠第23天、第45天进行旷场实验、力竭游泳实验等行为学检测;第45天以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定血清促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotrophic hormone,ACTH)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)、皮质醇(cortisol,CORT)及5-HT变化。结果:第23天后,逆灸组大鼠旷场实验、力竭游泳实验得分与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。第45天后,模型组旷场实验、力竭游泳实验得分显著低于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);逆灸组得分高于模型组,低于空白组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。第45天后,与空白组比较,模型组、逆灸组大鼠血清ACTH、CORT、CRH、5-HT水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);与模型组比较,逆灸组以上指标水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:逆灸预防亚健康状态可能与通过调控HPA轴-5-HT通路进而调节神经-内分泌-免疫网络有关。     

艾灸疗法对慢性疲劳鼠行为学变化及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴相关激素的影响

目的：探讨艾灸疗法调节慢性疲劳（chronic fatigue syndrome,CFS）的作用机制。方法：采用悬吊冷水游泳复合应激的方法复制CFS大鼠模型,艾灸组在复制模型同时艾灸双侧肝俞、脾俞、肾俞;通过Morris迷宫实验、鼠尾悬挂实验、力竭游泳实验进行行为学检测;采用放射免疫法检测下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotrophin releasing hormone,CRH）、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH）、皮质醇（cortisol,CORT）水平。结果：①模型组大鼠空间学习记忆力显著下降、力竭游泳时间显著缩短、悬挂不动时间显著延长,下丘脑CRH、血浆AcTH和cORT、浓度显著升高,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②与模型组比较,艾灸组大鼠的行为学变化显著改善,下丘脑CRH、血浆ACTH和CORT水平显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论：艾灸通过抑制下丘脑CRH,血浆ACTH、CORT的过度分泌,以纠正异常的HPA轴功能,达到治疗CFS目的。     

穴位埋线对慢性疲劳大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴激素水平的影响

目的：探讨穴位埋线对慢性疲劳大鼠行为学及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴（HPA-axis）相关激素的影响。方法：采用悬吊冷水游泳复合应激的方法复制慢性疲劳大鼠模型,埋线组在造模的同时给予双侧肝俞、脾俞、肾俞埋线;通过morris迷宫实验、鼠尾悬挂实验、力竭游泳实验进行行为学检测;采用放免法检测下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）的浓度。结果：（1）模型组大鼠空间学习记忆力下降、力竭游泳时间缩短、悬挂不动时间延长,下丘脑CRH、血浆ACTH和CORT浓度明显升高,与正常组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）穴位埋线对疲劳大鼠的行为学、HPA轴相关激素有良性调节作用,与模型组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;结论：穴位埋线能够抑制下丘脑CRH、血浆ACTH、CORT的过度分泌,以纠正异常的HPA轴功能,达到治疗CFS目的。     

胡椒碱调节大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴抗抑郁作用的实验研究

目的：观察胡椒碱对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学和血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotrophic hormone,ACTH）和皮质酮（corticos-terone,CORT）含量的影响。方法：采用慢性轻度不可预见性应激结合孤养造模。Wistar大鼠60只分为空白对照组、模型组、地昔帕明（20mg/kg）组和低（5mg/kg）、中（10mg/kg）、高（20mg/kg）剂量胡椒碱组,每组10只。观察各组体质量以及糖水摄入量等行为学指标变化;放射免疫法检测血清中CRH、ACTH和CORT含量。结果：与模型组比较,中、高剂量胡椒碱给药后,能明显增加大鼠的糖水消耗量;低、中、高剂量胡椒碱对大鼠血清CORT含量无明显影响;各个剂量胡椒碱可对抗慢性应激损伤所引起的血清CRH和ACTH含量的增加。结论：胡椒碱具有较好的抗抑郁作用,其作用可能与其对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响有关。     

白松片对大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型的抗抑郁实验研究

目的：探讨慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠神经生化、神经内分泌的变化及白松片对其的干预作用。方法：60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、模型对照组（MC组）、氟西汀对照组（FC组）和白松片治疗组（BST）,每组15只。采用长期轻度不可预见性应激＋孤养复制大鼠抑郁模型,用高效液相色谱仪法检测海马5-羟色胺（5-HT）、谷氨酸（Glu）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量;放射免疫方法测定大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）的水平;应用逆转录聚合酶联反应方法测定大鼠下丘脑和大脑皮质CRH mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学法测定海马脑源性神经营养因子、酪氨酸羟化酶的表达。结果：与NC比较,模型大鼠海马5-HT,GABA含量显著降低;血浆CRH,ACTH,CORT及海马Glu含量增加;脑内CRH mRNA表达显著升高（P〈0．01）;与MC组比,BST组和FC组大鼠海马5-HT,GABA含量升高（P〈0.01,或P〈0.05）;血浆CRH,ACTH,CORT及海马Glu含量降低;脑内CRH mRNA表达下降（P〈0．01）。结论：慢性轻度不可预见性应激可使大鼠神经内分泌、神经生化发生异常改变,白松片对此具有一定调节作用。     

疲劳安口服液对CFS模型大鼠HPA轴功能的影响

目的观察疲劳安口服液对慢性疲劳模型大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响,探讨制剂疲劳安口服液对慢性疲劳模型大鼠的治疗效果及其作用机制,为临床用药提供依据。方法采用复合刺激建立慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)大鼠模型,观察各组大鼠在用药前后血中ACTH(促肾上腺皮质激素)、CORT(血皮质酮)和CRH(促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素)含量的变化。结果疲劳安口服液可改变慢性应激所致的模型大鼠血清ACTH、CORT、CRH含量,纠正了异常的HPA轴功能。结论疲劳安口服液可以显著改善大鼠的疲劳状态,具有抗疲劳和抗应激的作用,其作用机制可能与调节大鼠的HPA轴功能有关。     

慢性应激抑郁症大鼠模型的复制与评价

目的依据应激理论并结合现代实验动物学,复制相应的抑郁症动物模型并对该方法进行系统评价。方法利用慢性不可预见的应激制作抑郁模型,观察动物的体质量变化,采用Open-Field实验、糖水消耗实验及强迫游泳实验测试大鼠行为,用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(CORT)及脑内单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)的含量。结果模型组大鼠体质量增加量、糖水消耗量、水平运动格数及垂直运动次数、5-HT和DA的含量均显著低于空白组,强迫游泳不动时间及ACTH,CORT含量显著高于空白组,2组比较差异有统计意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论慢性不可预见的应激可以造成大鼠抑郁模型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.