CT引导与B超引导下经皮穿刺肾造瘘术的比较

目的介绍在B超和CT引导下经皮穿刺肾造瘿术的方法，评价其治疗梗阻性肾脏疾病的疗效特点。方法本组51例（86侧肾脏）梗阻性肾病患者，应用经皮肾穿刺肾造瘘术（percutaneous nephrostomy，PNT），PNT由专门医生操作。其中45例（74侧肾脏），接受B超定位引导PNT，操作时间10-50min，平均20min。穿刺成功率达93％（69／74）；9例（16侧肾脏，含5侧B超引导下穿刺不成功）接受CT定位引导下PNT，操作时间35-60min，平均45min，穿刺成功率100％（16／16），肾盂扩张均小于1．0cm。结果51例肾梗阻症状解除，肾功能衰竭症状减轻，感染症状缓解，48例病人，可以继续在相关科室放疗、化疗或手术治疗。并发症可以接受。结论在B超或CT引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘术均是最安全有效的治疗梗阻性肾脏疾病的方法。如果患者肾盂扩张小于1cm，选择CT引导下PNT更好。     

B超引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘治疗肾后性肾功能衰竭

目的 探讨B超引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘术在肾后性肾功能衰竭(肾衰)诊治中的应用价值.方法 18例肾后性肾衰患者在局部麻醉B超引导下,行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术.结果 18例(29侧)肾孟穿刺均一次性成功;11例肾功能恢复,7例肾功能好转,无严重并发症.结论 B超引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘治疗肾后性肾衰创伤小,效果好.     

B超引导下经皮经肾肾盂造瘘术的护理

目的探讨B超引导下经皮经肾肾盂造瘘术的护理方法。方法回顾性分析50例盆腔恶性肿瘤及肾结石所致肾盂积水患者,在DSA及B超导引下行经皮经肾肾盂造瘘外引流治疗的护理经过,包括术前护理、术中配合、术后护理、出院指导等。结果满意放置导管造瘘成功率98％,穿刺失败1例,预期换管60例,意外拔管3例,其中2例为健康教育不到位,患者自行剪掉造瘘管内固定线致脱落,1例为换管不慎滑脱致重新置管,无1例严重并发症。结论实时超声引导经皮肾穿刺造瘘术成功率高、安全、可靠、有针对性的护理措施是治疗成功的关键。     

B超引导下经皮肾囊肿置管硬化的疗效与配合

目的：探讨肾囊肿穿刺置管硬化临床疗效与护理经验。方法：对2004～2007年收治的72例肾脏囊肿患者进行回顾性分析。全部患者均行B超引导下经皮肾穿刺置管硬化治疗。结果：患者1次穿刺置管硬化治愈率达95％，2次达100％。在穿刺硬化治疗过程中，密切观察与医护之间的配合，可减轻病人术中不适，提高穿刺成功率。结论：在B超引导下，经皮肾穿刺置管硬化治疗肾囊肿，县有定位准确、无辐射、不良反应少、成功率高、术后不易复发、疗效确切等优点，值得临床广泛使用。     

B超引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘治疗肾结石

目的：探讨运用超声引导经皮肾穿刺微造瘘治疗肾结石（MPCNL）的疗效及适应证。方法：回顾性分析运用超声引导对30例肾结石患者共31只肾进行MPCNL治疗的资料。结果：30例患者肾穿刺成功率96．8％（30／31），满意放置导管造瘘成功率93．5％（29／31）。全部病例术后解除结石梗阻。结论：B超引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘治疗肾结石成功率高，创伤小，安全，可靠。值得临床上推广使用。     

B超引导下Seldinger法膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗23例高危急性尿潴留观察与护理干预

目的 探讨护理干预对B超引导下Seldinger法膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗高危急性尿潴留患者的影响.方法 对23例导尿失败合并心脑血管疾病并接受各种抗凝、抗血小板治疗且采用Clinic经皮肾穿刺造瘘套装在B超引导下,以Seldinger法行膀胱穿刺造瘘术的高危急性尿潴留患者进行护理干预.结果 23例患者均一次性手术成功,手术时间约5～10分钟,出血量均少于5ml,无腹腔脏器损伤和尿外渗,造瘘管均引流通畅.除3例患者术后当天尿液为淡红色外,无膀胱大出血及膀胱周围血肿形成.所有患者均无明显膀胱刺激症状.结论 对正在接受抗凝治疗合并心脑血管疾病的高危急性尿潴留患者,当导尿失败后采用B超引导下Seldinger法膀胱穿刺造瘘术可显著提高穿刺的成功率和安全性,降低术后膀胱大出血的风险.对患者进行全方位的护理干预是保证手术成功的重要条件.     

中心静脉导管在经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术中的应用

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术的新方法。方法使用中心静脉穿刺包行经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术，并把中心静脉导管作为造瘘管，观察穿刺的可行性、成功率、并发症及优缺点。结果25例患者穿刺均获成功，无并发症发生。结论在经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术中应用中心静脉导管，具有经济、方便、实用的特点。     

B超引导下经皮肾镜弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石

目的探讨应用B超引导，经皮肾穿刺造瘘，弹道联合超声碎石清石治疗复杂性肾结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2006年7月至2008年4月应用超声引导对41例肾结石患者进行经皮肾镜碎石术（PCNL）治疗的临床资料。结果41例中4例穿刺失败的3例改开放手术，1例放弃并自动出院，37例患者成功建立皮肾通道，32例行Ⅰ期碎石，5例Ⅱ期碎石。结石直经1．5—6．9cm，平均手术时间104min，结石处理时间为15—150min。完全清除结石22例，15例有残余结石，清石率59．5％。结论B超引导经皮肾穿刺造瘘弹道联合超声碎石清石治疗复杂性肾结石具有高效、安全的特点，值得临床进一步推广应用。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺造瘘术治疗肾积水的临床效果探讨

目的：探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺造瘘术在肾积水治疗中的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年5月—2015年5月在我院行超声引导下经皮穿刺造瘘术治疗的60例肾积水患者的临床资料。结果术中穿刺置管一次性次成功有58例,1次性成功率为96.67%,2次成功有1例,失败1例,总成功率为98.33%。患者的平均留置导管为25 d,每天引流量在200~1600 mL之间。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺造瘘术是一项操作方便、安全、快捷、价廉且成功率高的微创手术,对于缓解患者肾积水、改善肾功能等快速有效,具有推广价值。     

B超引导微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗上尿路结石

目的:探讨B超引导下经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗上尿路结石的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2011年2月~2013年8月在B超引导下MPCNL治疗上尿路结石病例285例的临床资料,285例均在B超引导下建立F16或F18的经皮肾通道,行输尿管硬镜气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果:285例上尿路结石患者均成功穿刺并建立经皮肾通道,一期取石239例,二期取石43例,三期取石3例。结石清除率85.9%,平均手术时间81min,术中出血平均85ml,1例迟发性出血经保守治疗痊愈。结论:B超引导下经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗上尿路结石能够有效安全的选择合理的穿刺通道路,提高目标肾盏穿刺准确度,减少手术并发症,提高结石清除率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.