辅助生殖技术助孕后的多胎妊娠早孕期减胎91例分析

目的:评价辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕后多胎妊娠早孕期减胎术的安全性及必要性。方法:回顾性分析91例多胎妊娠B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎患者的临床资料,统计其早期流产率、晚期流产率,并将减胎后的患者分为单胎妊娠组及双胎妊娠组,统计各组早产率、早产孕周、早产平均体质量及足月低体质量儿出生率,并与同期施行ART助孕的单胎妊娠及未行减胎的双胎妊娠4 623例进行比较分析。结果:减胎组早期流产率为2.20%,明显优于同期妊娠的早期流产率(10.96%),组间有统计学差异。减胎后的单胎妊娠组早产率、早期流产率及晚期流产率均优于未行减胎的双胎妊娠组。结论:早孕期施行B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎术是安全的,且可有效减少多胎妊娠发生,改善其不良妊娠结局。     

多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术17例分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响.方法17例多胎妊娠孕早期在B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入1个或2个胚胎的心管搏动处,反复抽吸或注入少量药物致心搏停止.结果14例经阴道减胎术单次成功,3例经腹部减胎2～3次成功.2例足月剖宫分娩,2例孕32周、孕34周提前剖宫术.5例晚期流产.2例因感染而分别于术后第3、第7天流产.6例继续妊娠.多胎妊娠的减胎术成功率88.2%(15/17).总流产率41.2%(7/17).已分娩的8个新生儿健康.结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法.     

辅助生殖技术多胎妊娠行减胎术对临床结局的影响

目的:评估辅助生殖技术多胎妊娠选择性经阴道减为单胎的安全性和必要性。方法:回顾分析本中心行辅助生殖技术治疗后获得妊娠的患者,其中单胎妊娠2760例,双胎未减胎1258例,三胎未减胎15例,减胎后单胎18例。比较各组的流产率、早产率、剖宫产率、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重及低体重儿出生率等。结果:减胎后单胎组与多胎未减胎组比较,早产率、剖宫产率及低体重儿出生率降低(P0.05),分娩孕周延长(P0.05),新生儿出生体重增加(P0.05)。单胎妊娠组与减胎后单胎组患者的年龄、流产率、早产率、剖宫产率、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重及低体重儿出生率等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期实施选择性经阴道减胎术,仅保留一个胎儿,可有效降低母婴早产及剖宫产导致的风险,从而改善临床结局。     

世界几大医疗中心经腹多胎妊娠减胎术疗效的经验总结

为了改善多胎妊娠的不良结局,近年来应用了多胎妊娠减胎(简称MFPR)技术。法、英、美几大医疗中心在1986～1991年连续对463个多胎妊娠施行了MFPR,所有病例均为3胎及3胎以上,术时孕龄为6～14周(平均为10.8±2.0周)。在B超引导下经腹穿刺向胎胸腔内注入氯化钾1ml(一般选择有异常的胎儿注射)。手术成功率为100％。有49例在≤20孕周妊娠丢失(10.5％),26例在21～24孕周娩出,有生机前的妊娠丢失率为16.2％。388例(83.8％)在24孕周后(有生机儿)分娩。     

多胎减胎后单胎分娩与单胎妊娠分娩比较分析

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕单胎分娩者中,孕早期多胎妊娠自然减胎及手术减胎对围产期母儿结局的影响。方法回顾性分析3 376例行IVF助孕治疗,新鲜或冷冻胚胎移植后单胎分娩者的临床资料,根据孕早期宫内孕囊数分组:A组(多胎妊娠,455例),其中A1组(手术减胎,34例),A2组(自然减胎,421例);B组(单胎妊娠,2 921例);分年龄进行组间临床基本资料,出生低体质量儿率、新生儿畸形率、妊娠期并发症等围产期母婴结局的比较。结果 (1)35岁的患者中,A组比B组不孕时间短、移植胚胎数多和优质胚胎数多;(2)囊胚移植比例、冷冻胚胎移植比例A、B组间均无统计学差异;(3)A1组和A2组出生低体质量儿率、出生极低体质量儿率、胎儿畸形率均显著高于B组(P0.05),但A1、A2组间无统计学差异(P0.05),A2组早产率明显增加,与B组有统计学差异(P0.01)。结论多胎妊娠即使减胎后单胎分娩,其新生儿低体质量及畸形风险仍高于单胎妊娠分娩者,35岁、不孕时间短者,建议选择性单优质胚胎移植,以降低多胎妊娠。     

经阴道多胎妊娠胚胎减灭术55例临床分析

目的 分析在阴道B超引导下对早期高序多胎妊娠进行胚胎减灭术的可行性,安全性及对母儿的影响。方法 对55例经辅助生育技术受孕的早期（妊娠49－79d)多胎妊娠,在阴道B超引导下行胚胎减灭术,其中1例为7胎妊娠,7例为5胎妊娠,16例为4胎妊娠,31例为3胎妊娠。用减胎穿刺针的针尖直刺待减灭胎儿的胎心搏动（心搏）处,直至原始心搏消失,抽吸胚囊内容物,或在穿刺胚胎的同时向羊膜囊内注射生理盐水。结果 53例（96％）减胎成功,其中49例减为双胎,3例5胎减为3胎,1例7胎减为3胎,失败2例,均为4胎妊娠,其中1例为术中流产,1例为未减灭。术后流产8例（流产率15％）;早产21例,其中5名早产儿于出生后1－2d内死亡,未见畸形;足月分娩24例,共出生新生儿87名（包括42名早产儿）,82名新生儿存活,除1名为六指畸形,1名为房间隔缺损外,其余新生儿均健康,无畸形,无脏器损伤,血管损伤大出血及术后感染,发热等。结论 妊娠早期经阴道施行胚胎减灭术是一种定位准确,操作简单,易行,安全有效的手术。     

多胎妊娠妇女孕中期选择性减胎术的临床应用

目的 通过对多胎妊娠妇女于孕中期行选择性减胎术,研究其手术指症、时机、安全性、目标胎儿的选择标准和减灭胎儿数,探讨选择性减胎术在改善多胎妊娠结局中的作用.方法 对37例孕12周+1～25周多胎妊娠孕妇(6例双胎、21例三胎、8例四胎、2例五胎,共117个胎儿)在超声引导下经腹行选择性减胎术,按产科医疗指征,在拟被减的46个胎儿心脏内注射10%氯化钾2～5 ml,见胎心逐渐减慢至停跳视为减胎术成功.术后定期产前检查和监测凝血功能,记录妊娠期并发症及妊娠结局.结果 (1)成功率:共减去胎儿46个,减胎成功率为100%(46/46个胎儿),已有27例孕妇分娩,获24个健康新生儿,妊娠成功率为88.9%(24/27).(2)分娩孕周:＞36周分娩者15例;32～36周7例;28～32周3例;＜28周流产者2例;正在妊娠中10例.平均分娩孕周(34.9±4.1)周,孕28周后分娩率为92.6%(25/27).(3)新生儿平均出生体重:单胎妊娠新生儿平均出生体重为(3014±640)g,双胎妊娠为(2557±573)g,三胎妊娠中除1例两个胎儿存活(出生体重分别为1400及1500 g)外,其余均死亡.(4)安全性:除2例单羊膜囊双胎在减灭1个胎儿后,另1个胎儿随即死亡外,其余多胎妊娠妇女的保留胎儿均未发生胎死宫内.(5)并发症:37例多胎妊娠妇女中仅3例发生子痫前期,减胎术后均无凝血功能障碍发生.(6)阴道流血:有13例孕妇减胎术前发生阴道流血,其中1例在妊娠13周强烈要求减胎,减胎术后于孕22周流产;另12例均在阴道流血停止1周以上后施行减胎.结论 (1)孕中期选择性多胎妊娠减胎术,可以有效减少多胎妊娠胎儿数目、避免异常胎儿出生,降低孕产妇并发症,提高新生儿出生体重.(2)胎儿保留数目以达双胎为好.(3)减胎术前有阴道流血者,避免在流血期间减胎,应选择在流血停止1周以上进行.(4)孕中期多胎妊娠减胎术不会造成孕妇的凝血功能障碍,也不会造成保留胎儿的宫内死亡,安全性好;减胎术后子痫前期的发病率明显下降.     

辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得多胎妊娠行减胎术后妊娠结局观察

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)获得的多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术的有效性和安全性。方法:以经ART助孕获得多胎妊娠行经阴道减胎术的患者123例为减胎组,根据减胎后保留的胎儿数分为双胎组(A组,n=90)和单胎组(B组,n=33)。另以同期经ART助孕获得单胎妊娠(C组,n=36)和双胎妊娠(D组,n=57)的患者为对照组。回顾性分析患者的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症发生情况。结果:减胎组的减胎成功率为100.0%,妊娠成功率为91.9%。A组胎膜早破发生率、早产发生率、新生儿低出生体质量发生率、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)入住率均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术安全、有效、可行。多胎妊娠实施减胎术中减为单胎更为安全。     

胎儿医学框架下的氯化钾减胎术应用于早中孕期多胎妊娠的经验——来自单一中心的临床研究

目的:总结我院在胎儿医学框架下建立的氯化钾减胎术在早中孕期应用于多胎妊娠的临床经验。方法:回顾研究2011年1月至2013年12月在上海市第一妇婴保健院于孕11~16周行氯化钾减胎的32例患者的临床资料,记录围手术期母胎并发症及分娩28天后围产儿结局,总结单一中心采用该技术积累的相关经验。结果:患者的平均减胎手术孕周(13.81±0.84)周,平均分娩孕周(34.52±5.78)周,平均新生儿出生体重(2541±665.9)g。围产儿存活率为92.8%,母体并发症包括妊娠期高血压1例,重度子痫前期1例,未发生严重的分娩并发症。结论:在胎儿医学框架下进行的氯化钾减胎技术用于早中孕期减胎安全有效,改善了多胎妊娠的围产儿结局。     

体外受精-胚胎移植中多胎减胎后双胎妊娠结局的分析

目的:探讨IVF-ET中多胎妊娠减胎术对双胎妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性地分析IVF-ET治疗后直接双胎妊娠124例(A组)和IVF多胎妊娠减为双胎妊娠43例(B组),比较二组孕期流产率、早产率、胎儿出生体重、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率、胎盘粘连和产后出血等。结果:早期流产率A组8.1%,B组25.6%;晚期流产率A组16.9%,B组9.3%;总流产率A组25%,B组34.9%;A、B组间流产率有显著差异(P<0.01)。A、B组平均孕周(36.6±2.2周vs36.0±2.9周)、第一胎胎儿出生体重(2678.0±510.3gvs2542.5±454.8g)和第二胎胎儿出生体重(2393.4±496.8gvs2297.5±501.0g)间无统计学差异;A、B组间在母体并发症发生率、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率之间也无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:IVF-ET中多胎减为双胎妊娠与IVF-ET中直接双胎妊娠相比,早期流产率明显增加。     

Triplets: outcomes of expectant management versus multifetal reduction for 127 pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare outcomes of women with triplet gestations conceived via assisted reproductive technology who chose expectant management or multifetal pregnancy reduction. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective review of all women who initiated assisted reproductive technology cycles from August 1995 through July 1997 with ultrasonographic documentation of triplets exhibiting fetal heart tones at 9 weeks of gestation (N = 127). Patients were then uniformly referred to a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and to 3 centers offering multifetal pregnancy reduction. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of patients (46/127) chose multifetal pregnancy reduction with 95% undergoing reduction to twins. In the expectant management group, 13.6% of pregnancies were reduced spontaneously after 9 weeks of gestation. The "take home" infant per delivery rates for the multifetal pregnancy reduction and expectant management groups were 87% and 90.1%, respectively (P =.66). The mean gestational ages at delivery (+/-SE) for the multifetal pregnancy reduction and expectant management groups were 33.25 +/- 1. 03 weeks and 32.04 +/- 0.58 weeks (P =.23), and the mean birth weights of infants delivered at >24 weeks of gestation were 2226 +/- 79 and 1796 +/- 44, respectively (P <.0001). There were no significant differences in perinatal mortality, gestational age at delivery, or "take home" infant per delivery rates between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that multifetal pregnancy reduction does not have a significant impact on the probability of live birth or on gestational age at delivery for women with triplets conceived with assisted reproductive technology.     

多胎妊娠减胎术16例临床分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响。方法2002年1月-2005年12月在我院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的16例多胎妊娠（A组）孕早期在阴道B超引导下穿刺,采用氯化钾心腔内注射或单纯胚芽穿刺抽吸法行减胎术,并与同期进行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的64例双胎妊娠（B组）相比较。结果16例减胎术均一次成功。其中3例流产,13例患者已分娩（其中早产5例）,24个新生儿平均孕周（37.2±1.4）周,出生体重（2660.0±417.5）g,均健康无畸形。B组64例患者中4例孕早期流产,3例孕晚期流产,57例（其中早产24例）分娩109个新生儿,其中2个重度窒息死亡,2个先天畸形,平均孕周（37.0±2.0）周,出生体重（2603.3±459.7）g。两组的流产率、活产率、早产率、平均孕周、平均出生体重等均无明显差别。结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法。     

Multifetal pregnancy reductions of triplets to twins: comparison with nonreduced triplets and twins.

OBJECTIVE: Multifetal pregnancy reduction has been shown to improve survival rates in high-order multifetal pregnancies (>/=4). There is, however, some controversy as to whether multifetal pregnancy reduction improves pregnancy outcomes of triplets reduced to twins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this issue by comparing outcomes of triplet gestations undergoing reduction to twins with outcomes of nonreduced twin gestations and expectantly managed triplet gestations. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 143 triplet pregnancies that underwent reduction to twins over a 10-year period at a single center. These were compared with 12 nonreduced triplet pregnancies from the Wayne State University Perinatal Database and with 2 groups of twin pregnancies: 605 from the Wayne State University Perinatal Database and 207 from the Quest Diagnostics Database. RESULTS: The miscarriage rate for expectantly managed triplets was 25%, compared with 6.2% for triplets reduced to twins. This rate was similar to the rates for both groups of nonreduced twins: 5.8% (Quest) and 6.3% (Wayne State University). Severe prematurity occurred in 25% of nonreduced triplets compared with 4. 9% of twins after reduction. This rate was also similar to that of nonreduced twins: 7.7% (Quest) and 8.4% (Wayne State University). The mean gestational age at delivery for expectantly managed triplets (32.9 +/- 4.7 weeks) was significantly shorter than for triplets reduced to twins (35.6 +/- 3.1 weeks). By comparison, nonreduced twins had a mean gestational age at delivery of 35.8 +/- 3.9 weeks for Quest and 34.4 +/- 3.6 weeks for Wayne State University. Mean birth weights were significantly lower in expectantly managed triplets as compared with triplets undergoing reduction to twins (1636 +/- 645 g vs 2381 +/- 602 g, respectively). Nonreduced twins had a mean birth weight of 2254 +/- 653 g for Quest and 2123 +/- 634 g for Wayne State University. Pregnancy loss rates, mean length of gestation, and mean birth weight did not vary significantly between triplets who underwent reduction to twins and nonreduced twins. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of triplets to twins significantly reduces the risk for prematurity and low birth weight and may also be associated with a reduction in overall pregnancy loss. This suggests that multifetal pregnancy reduction of triplets to twins is a medically justifiable procedure not only from an actuarial viewpoint but also from the ethical perspective of supporting patients' autonomy and respect for patients' individual circumstances.     

胚芽抽吸法减胎术122例临床分析

目的:探讨孕早期多胎妊娠经阴道行胚芽抽吸法减胎术的可靠性、安全性及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对辅助生殖技术程序中的122例多胎妊娠患者,于孕早期采用胚芽抽吸法行减胎术。结果:一次性手术成功率为99.2%,总流产率11.5%,平均分娩孕周37.4周,新生儿体重2550g,新生儿未见严重的体表及内脏畸形。结论:对于孕早期多胎妊娠,胚芽抽吸减胎技术确为一有效、安全、且操作相对简便的补救性治疗措施。     

Cervical incompetence in multifetal gestation: diagnosis and prophylaxis

OBJECTIVE: Preterm birth following cervical incompetence threatens infants of multiple gestation. The questions at hand are whether we can validate a sonographic early detection system and if prophylactically intended strategies, such as cervical cerclage, potentially influence pregnancy management and/or perinatal outcome. METHODS: Multifetal pregnancies surveyed with three-dimensional ultrasound and pregnancies treated with cervical cerclage were compared to controls. RESULTS: Volumetry of the cervix was possible in all 34 examinations performed. In contrast, two-dimensional cervical length assessment could not be obtained in 6% because the presenting fetal part obstructed the sonographic plane. Mean cervical length was 28.7 mm (SD 7.7). Mean cervical volume was 30.0 cm3 (SD 16.0). A significant correlation was found between mean two-dimensional cervical length and mean cervical volume as both parameters decreased with gestational age (p = 0.01). Prophylactic cervical cerclage was used in 17% of triplet pregnancies studied at a mean gestational age of 16 + 2 weeks (98-138 days). In 50% of the quadruplet/quintuplet pregnancies studied, the cerclage was performed at a mean gestational age of 15 + 2 weeks of gestation (78-152 days). The time interval from operation to delivery was 106 days (62-119) for triplets and 96 days (57-142) for quadruplets/quintuplets. Prophylactic cervical cerclage did not prolong pregnancies compared to controls. With respect to the need for hospitalization or intravenous tocolysis or perinatal outcome parameters, no benefit was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The results disclaim a positive impact of prophylactic cervical cerclage on the course of a multifetal pregnancy and/or perinatal outcome. On the other hand, early non-invasive diagnosis of cervical incompetence enables a risk-adapted conservative pregnancy management.     

A single center experience with 1000 consecutive cases of multifetal pregnancy reduction

OBJECTIVE: Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) is a technique developed to reduce the risks of a multifetal pregnancy. The objective of this article was to report the outcome of MPR in the largest single-center experience to date. STUDY DESIGN: A computerized database was used to determine the outcome of 1000 consecutive cases patients undergoing transabdominal MPR between the years 1986 and 1999. Outcomes analyzed included pregnancy loss rates, preterm delivery rates, and mean birth weights. RESULTS: The complete pregnancy loss rate was 5.9%, whereas the unintended pregnancy loss rate was 5.4%. The loss rate was 9.5% in the first 200 cases and remained stable at 4.5% to 6.0% over the next 800 cases. The loss rate was lowest with starting numbers of two fetuses (2.5%), remained stable for three, four, and five fetuses, and increased to 12.9% with starting numbers of six fetuses or greater. Loss rates were similar with a finishing number of one or two (3.5 % and 5.5%, respectively) but were highest for a finishing number of three (16.7%). Analysis of birth weights showed a linear decline with increasing starting and finishing numbers. Mean gestational age of delivery for finishing numbers of one, two, and three fetuses was 37.9, 35.3, and 33.5 weeks. CONCLUSION: Unintended loss rates associated with MPR have stabilized at 5.4%. Loss rates are highest with starting numbers of six or more fetuses, but did not differ for starting numbers of three, four, or five fetuses. Gestational age of delivery for finishing numbers of one, two, and three fetuses are similar to that of nonreduced pregnancies.     

Term delivery in twin pregnancy

We analyzed the data on 55,839 births that taken place in 1998 year in the southeast region of Poland. The incidence of twin pregnancy was about 1%. A half of them delivered before 259 day of gestational age, the beginning of birth occurring norm for human. This means that onset of this norm for singleton pregnancies is the mean of 12 weeks births occurring norm (215-303 days of gestational age) for multifetal pregnancies simultaneously. The particular meaning has prevention of preterm delivery and in this case the computer-aided monitoring of pregnancy and prediction of birth date is a very useful invention.     

Obstetric complications and perinatal outcome in triplet pregnancies.

The incidence of multiple pregnancies with more than two fetuses has significantly increased since the introduction of ovulation agents and assisted reproductive technologies. Over a 15-year period there were 35 triplet pregnancies beyond 24 weeks that delivered at the King Fahad Hospital, an incidence of 1 in 1,099 deliveries. Early diagnosis is important for improving the rate of fetal salvage in triplet pregnancy. These pregnancies were managed on an outpatient basis. Prophylactic interventions were not utilised. A total of 91% of the pregnancies had at least one antenatal complication, pre-term labour being the most common (80%) followed by anaemia (43%). The average gestational age at delivery was 31.7 weeks (SD 4.2 weeks). A total of 94.3% of the patients were delivered by lower segment caesarean section. The mean birth weight of the neonates was 1,552 g (SD 510 g) and mean 5-min Apgar score was 7.6 (SD 0.8). The corrected perinatal mortality rate in the study was 152/1,000. Pregnancy outcome did not vary with birth order or mode of conception. Higher rate of pre-term births among triplet pregnancies make considerable demands on the neonatal intensive care unit. All methods of assisted reproduction should aim at prevention of multifetal pregnancies.     

Multifetal gestation--maternal and perinatal outcome of 112 pregnancies

PURPOSE: Multifetal pregnancy reduction is a widespread "therapy" to diminish the risk of prematurity and adverse outcome for the survivors in higher order multiple gestation. The aim of our study was to determine the maternal and neonatal outcome of multifetal pregnancies under a conservative pregnancy management. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 112 multifetal pregnancies is presented. All higher order multiple pregnancies delivered after 25 weeks of gestation and managed at a single institution between 1982 and 1999 are included. RESULTS: Triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets were delivered at a mean gestational age of 31 + 5, 29 + 5 and 28 + 4 weeks, respectively. The perinatal mortality was 14 for triplets and 36 for quadruplets. No quintuplet died in the perinatal period. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 23% of triplets, 65% of quadruplets and 75% of quintuplets, intracranial hemorrhage was diagnosed in 14% of triplets, 15% of quadruplets and 10% of quintuplets and retinopathy of prematurity was found in 10% of triplets, 9% of quadruplets and 25% of quintuplets. DISCUSSION: Despite a low neonatal mortality, morbidity of higher order multiple gestations remains significant. Mortality and morbidity are related to preterm delivery but do not exceed the rates of singletons or twins of an identical gestational age. Favorable prognostic landmarks are a gestational age >30 weeks and a number of fetuses per pregnancy < or =4. CONCLUSION: The risks of multifetal pregnancies are significant. Therefore, evidence-based counseling of couples seeking treatment for infertility and prevention of higher order multiple pregnancies through the prudent use of reproductive techniques attains paramount importance.     

Pregnancy outcome of early multifetal pregnancy reduction: triplets to twins versus triplets to singletons

Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) of triplets to twins results in improved pregnancy outcomes compared with triplet gestations managed expectantly. Perinatal outcomes of early transvaginal MPR from triplets to twins were compared with reduction from triplets to singletons. Seventy-four trichorionic triplet pregnancies that underwent early transvaginal MPR at 6–8 weeks gestation were included. Cases were divided into two groups according to the initial procedure: reduction to twin (n = 55) or to singleton (n = 19) gestations. Infants from triplet pregnancies reduced to twins were delivered earlier (36.6 versus 37.9 weeks; P = 0.04) and had lower mean birth weights (2364 g versus 2748 g; P = 0.02) compared with those from triplets reduced to singleton gestations. The rates of pregnancy loss before 24 weeks (3.6% versus 5.3%), as well as of preterm delivery before 32 and 34 weeks of gestation (0% versus 5.3% and 7.3% versus 5.3%, respectively) were similar between the twin and singleton pregnancies. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of gestational diabetes (15.1% versus 5.6%) or gestational hypertension (24.5% versus 16.7%) between the groups. Selective reduction of triplet pregnancies to singleton rather than twin gestations is associated with improved outcomes.