非肝硬化肝癌患者的临床特征及手术疗效分析

目的 本研究旨在对非肝硬化肝癌患者的临床特征及手术疗效进行总结.方法 采用本中心自1995年至2001年问手术切除的96例经组织学证实的非肝硬化肝细胞癌患者,回顾性分析其临床病理学特征、术后生存情况及预后因素.结果 无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率为8.3%(8/96).术后1年、3年、5年、10年的总生存率分别为84.4%、62.5%、47.9%及38.2%,中位生存期为57个月.术后1年、3年、5年的无瘤生存率分别为56.3%、39.6%、33.3%,中位无瘤生存期为18个月.TNM分期是患者总生存及无瘤生存的独立预后因素.术中出血是影响行治愈性切除手术患者预后的独立因素.结论 治愈性局部肝切除是非肝硬化肝癌有效和安全的治疗方法.对术后肝内复发的患者建议采取积极的局部治疗以延长生存.     

肝癌肝硬化病人手术中的热缺血问题及围手术期处理

１９８４年８月～１９９０年８月，作者采用常温下一次性肝门阻断切肝法行肝癌肝切除１１５例。全组肝硬化伴发率为８２．８％。肝功能ｐｕｇｈ分级：Ａ级为５９．４％，Ｂ级为４０．６％。手术肝门阻断时间８～２８分钟。作者提倡半肝血管阻断切肝法，热缺血的处理，主要为持续低流量吸氧及激素（地塞米松）、抗氧化剂等的应用。全组无手术死亡和住院死亡。术后并发症：胸水为７．８％，肺炎和膈下感染均为３．５％，胆瘘和上消化道出血均为０．９％，低于文献报道。     

术中超声引导荷瘤门静脉染色在肝癌手术中的临床应用

目的:探讨术中超声引导下荷瘤门静脉置管染色指导肝癌切除手术的临床价值.方法:对45例肝癌患者随机分为试验组22例,对照组23例,试验组应用术中超声引导穿刺选择性荷瘤门静脉置管染色指导肝切除术,对照组应用术中超声定位行传统肝切除手术,观察试验组染色成功率,比较两组在手术时间、手术出血量和手术合并症方面的差异;同时对全组45例患者的术前、术中超声以及病理结果进行比较观察.结果:试验组染色成功率86.4%(19/22),两组在手术时间、手术出血量和手术合并症方面比较无显著性差异;45例肝癌63个癌肿结节的术中超声诊断率98.4%(62/63)明显高于术前超声的84.1%(53/63)(P＜0.05),对静脉内瘤栓的诊断率94%(16/17)亦明显高于术前超声53%的诊断率(9/17)(P＜0.01).结论:术中超声诊断率高,荷瘤门静脉染色对指导手术方案的制定有着重要的临床价值.     

肝癌生存43年一例

患者男性,因中上腹鸡蛋大包块并逐渐增大3个月,于1961年11月来我院就诊,患者时年50岁.     

肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进患者同期行肝脾脏联合切除的临床疗效观察

目的　探讨肝癌合并肝硬化、脾功能亢进患者同期行肝脾脏联合切除的临床疗效。方法　自 1999年 12月至 2 0 0 2年3月 ,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院共收治合并肝硬化脾功能亢进原发性肝癌患者 67例 ,其中 38例行肝脾联合切除术 (切脾组 ) ,2 9例仅行肝癌切除术 (非切脾组 )。对 2组的临床资料及术前 1天、术后 7天外周静脉血及脾静脉血中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的浓度进行比较。结果　切脾组血小板及白细胞术后回升明显好于非切脾组 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后并发症发生率 :切脾组 2 8.9% ( 11/ 38)、非切脾组 2 0 .6% ( 6/ 2 9) ;1年复发转移率 :切脾组 2 1.1% ( 8/ 38)、非切脾组 2 0 .7% ( 6/ 2 9) ,2组并发症发生率及 1年复发率相比较 ,均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2组术前、术后外周血及术中脾静脉血中的VEGF浓度相比较亦无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。切脾组2 9例患者术后均顺利地接受了 1～ 3次介入化疗 ,而非切脾组则因为血像过低有 7例患者被迫终止了介入化疗。结论　切脾组患者 ,在术后血像回升及接受介入化疗方面明显好于非切脾组 ,而 2组术后近期复发转移情况比较无显著差异     

快速康复外科在肝癌肝切除围手术期的应用研究

  目的  探讨快速康复外科(fast track surgery, FTS)理念在原发性肝癌肝切除围手术期应用的效果和安全性。   方法  收集福建医科大学附属第一医院115例需行肝切除的原发性肝癌患者, 随机分为FTS治疗组(FTS组)及围手术期采用传统方法治疗组(对照组), 比较两组患者术后肛门开始排气时间、开始下床活动时间、肝功能变化、术后并发症发生率、住院时间和患者总的住院费用等指标。   结果  FTS组患者术后肛门开始排气时间、开始下床活动时间显著早于对照组(P < 0.05), 肝功能恢复更快, 与对照组比较有显著性差异(P < 0.05), 术后并发症发生率、住院时间与对照组比较显著降低(P < 0.05), 总的住院费用与对照组相比减少, 但两组间无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。   结论  运用FTS理念在肝癌肝切除的围手术期治疗是安全、有效的, 术后并发症的发生率更低, 患者恢复更快, 同时可减少总的住院费用, 值得临床推广。      

肝癌肝硬化患者肝切除术中热缺血的安全时限──附23例总结

１９８４年８月～１９９４年８月，采用常温下一次性肝门阴断切肝法行原发性肝癌的巨块肝切除和Ⅴ、Ⅷ段等疑难部位的肝切除２３例，术中肝门阻断时间１８～２８分钟，平均２２分２０秒，其中≥２０分钟１８／２３，≥２５分钟８／２３，肝门阻断时间超过了国人报道的极限（１８分钟）。术后并发症为：胸水１３％，肺炎、膈下感染和肝昏迷，无手术死亡和住院死亡，低于文献报道。说明肝癌肝硬化病人对一次性热缺血耐受的潜力是很大的，＜２８分钟是安全的，但具体时限有待进一步商榷。     

术前肝纤维化指数对肝癌手术疗效及预后的影响

目的探讨术前肝纤维化指数(HFI)对肝癌手术疗效及预后的影响。方法 2011年4月至2015年4月,将北京大学深圳医院接受肝癌切除术的65例患者分为低指数组(HFI≤5.4)与高指数组(HFI5.4)。分析两组术后疗效及预后情况。结果术前资料,两组性别、年龄、谷氨酰转肽酶、透明质酸、血小板、肝功能分级、HBV-DNA拷贝量比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。术中、术后资料,两组肿瘤数目、肿瘤最大径、肝纤维化类型、术后血管侵犯情况、切缘情况、肝门静脉癌栓和HBVDNA变化比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。低指数组并发症发生率20.0%,复发率23.3%,1、3、5年生存率分别为93.0%、53.0%、53.0%;高指数组并发症发生率22.9%,复发率25.7%,1、3、5年生存率分别为72.0%、29.0%、25.7%,两组生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤数目3、HFI5.4、肝、门静脉癌栓是肝癌术后复发的独立危险因素。结论术前肝纤维化指数对手术疗效及预后均有显著影响,是术后复发的独立危险因素。     

超声检查在肝硬化背景下肝细胞肝癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声检查在肝硬化背景下肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的诊断效能。方法选取30例肝硬化合并单发HCC患者为HCC组,选取30例肝硬化合并再生结节(RN)患者为RN组,选取30例肝硬化合并不典型增生结节(DN)患者为DN组。观察肝硬化背景下HCC、DN及RN患者的超声造影特征,比较3组患者的超声造影参数,并对各超声造影参数诊断肝硬化背景下HCC的效能进行分析。结果HCC组、DN组及RN组患者的动脉相、门脉相及延迟相超声造影特征比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中,HCC组患者的动脉相以高回声为主,门脉相及延迟相以低回声为主。HCC组、DN组及RN组患者的造影峰值强度、增强峰值时间及平均通过时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。增强峰值时间对肝硬化背景下HCC诊断的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积最大,为0.905(95%CI:0.833~0.977),其最佳阈值23.7 s所对应的诊断灵敏度和特异度分别为95.5%和63.6%。结论超声检查对肝硬化背景下HCC具有较高的诊断价值。     

30例肝癌术后肝内复发灶的再切除治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌术后复发的治疗措施,旨在提高肝癌术后的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自1990年1月至2004年12月手术切除的30例肝癌术后复发的再切除治疗资料。结果30例肝癌术后复发再切除34例次,二次手术30例,三次手术4例,其中包括3例肝移植;第一次手术与第二次手术平均间隔时间为(40.8±13.1)个月,第二次手术与第三次手术平均间隔时间为(23.0±19.9)个月(P<0.05);30例原发肿瘤平均最大直径为(6.5±2.1)cm,复发病灶平均最大直径为(3.8±1.2)cm(P<0.05)。结论再切除治疗复发性肝细胞癌是延长肝癌病人生存时间的有效手段;肝移植治疗复发性肝癌仍在探索中。     

Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUNDGiven the poor synthetic function of cirrhotic liver, successful resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) necessitates the ability to achieve resections with tumor free margins.AIMTo validate post hepatectomy liver failure score (PHLF), compare it to other established systems and to stratify risks in patients with cirrhosis who underwent curative liver resection for HCC. METHODSBetween December 2010 and January 2017, 120 patients underwent curative resection for HCC in patients with cirrhosis were included, the pre-operative, operative and post-operative factors were recorded to stratify patients'' risks of decompensation, survival, and PHLF.RESULTSThe preoperative model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score [odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2-5.7, P = 0.013], tumor diameter (OR = 5.4, 95%CI: 2-14.8, P = 0.001) and duration of hospital stay (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.5-4.2, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of hepatic decompensation after resection. While the preoperative MELD score [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.16-1.62, P < 0.001] and different grades of PHLF (grade A: HR = 2.33, 95%CI: 0.59-9.24; Grade B: HR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.11-8.95; Grade C: HR = 373.41, 95%CI: 66.23-2105.43; P < 0.001) and HCC recurrence (HR = 11.67, 95%CI: 4.19-32.52, P < 0.001) were significant independent predictors for survival.CONCLUSIONPreoperative MELD score and tumor diameter can independently predict hepatic decompensation. While, preoperative MELD score, different grades of PHLF and HCC recurrence can precisely predict survival.     

中晚期肝细胞癌预后影响因素分析

目的研究中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的预后相关因素,建立具有临床实用性的预后模型.方法根据166例HCC患者临床及随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier和Cox回归模型方法,分析HCC患者的预后影响因素,并建立预后指数(PI)模型.结果单因素分析显示Child-Pugh分级、肝外转移、腹水、治疗、胆红素、血清钠、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、肿瘤形态和大小、临床分期和门静脉癌栓与HCC患者生存率有关.多因素分析表明,肿瘤形态(P=0.001)、肿瘤大小(P=0.002)、甲胎蛋白(P=0.014)、血清钠(P=0.011)和Child-Pugh分级(P=0.001)是独立的预后影响因素.预后指数(PI)定义为回归方程:PI=ey,y=0.585(肿瘤形态-2.0542) 0.747(肿瘤大小-1.879) 0.477(AFP-1.4157)-0.570(血清钠-1.6933) 0.786(Child-Pugh分级-1.7590).PI＜1和≥1患者的中位生存期分别为10.2个月和1.8个月(P＜0.01).结论肿瘤形态、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白、血清钠和Child-Pugh分级是中晚期HCC患者独立的预后影响因素,根据独立预后因素建立的预后指数模型可帮助临床预测中晚期HCC患者的预后.     

索拉非尼单药治疗晚期肝细胞癌的临床观察

目的 观察索拉非尼单药治疗晚期肝细胞癌患者的有效性与安全性.方法 38例Child-Pugh A或B级的晚期肝细胞癌患者连续口服索拉非尼,剂量为400 mg/次,2次/d.记录不良反应,每4～6周进行疗效及安全性评价.结果 38例患者中,部分缓解1例(2.6%),轻微缓解5例(13.2%),稳定16例(42.1%),进展16例(42.1%).患者服用索拉非尼的中位时间为180 d(15～550 d),平均总生存时间为370 d(42～562 d).22例肿瘤受控患者(有效和稳定患者)的中位反应持续时间为169 d(42～426 d),平均总生存时间为428 d(95%CI为330～526 d).治疗期间最常见的不良反应为皮肤反应(27例,71.1%)、胃肠反应(25例,65.8%)和全身症状(14例,36.8%).药物相关不良反应大多为轻度,易于处理并可逆.结论 索拉非尼单药治疗对部分晚期肝癌患者有效,并可延长患者的生存时间.肝功能Child-Pugh A级或B级的肝癌患者对索拉非尼耐受性良好.     

肝切除术治疗合并肝门静脉高压的肝细胞癌患者的疗效与安全性

背景与目的：肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者肝硬化伴有肝门静脉高压的比例很高,肝门静脉高压明显增加肝切除术治疗中出血和术后肝功能衰竭的风险。本文旨在评价肝切除术治疗合并肝门静脉高压HCC患者的疗效、安全性,以及肝门静脉高压患者的肝切除术的适应证。方法：回顾性分析2006年1月—2010年12月接受肝切除术治疗的564例肝功能为Child-Pugh A级的HCC患者临床资料,其中486例患者无肝门静脉高压,剩余78例患者合并肝门静脉高压。经倾向性分析校正组间资料平衡后,按1：1比例对患者进行配对。比较两组接受肝切除术患者术后并发症、术后30和90 d死亡率、总生存率和复发率。根据巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期标准(Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging Classification,BCLC)和手术范围大小行亚组分析。结果：肝门静脉高压组患者的术后并发症、术后30和90 d死亡率均显著高于非肝门静脉高压组(P<0.05)。经随访(平均32.1个月),肝门静脉高压组和非肝门静脉高压组患者术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为75%、45%、32%和90%、66%、48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);复发率分别为31%、57%、73%和26%、53%、67%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.53)。倾向性分析匹配后,两组患者总生存率和复发率相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,在BCLC-A期和接受小范围肝切除术的两组患者中,总生存率的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：肝门静脉高压并非HCC患者行肝切除术治疗的绝对禁忌证。在合并肝门静脉高压的HCC患者中,BCLC-A期和预计行小范围肝切除术的患者可选择相应肝切除术。     

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with end-stage renal failure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Surgical resection remains the main option for curing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, liver resection in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is risky. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of liver resection for treating HCC in patients with ESRD. METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 468 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC between 1989 and 1999. The clinicopathological characteristics and operative results of 12 patients who had ESRD (ESRD group) were compared with those of the other 456 patients who did not have ESRD (non-ESRD group). In the ESRD group, heparin-free hemodialysis using the periodic saline-rinse method was performed during the perioperative period. RESULTS: The ESRD group had lower hemoglobin and a higher serum creatinine levels. Other patient background and tumor pathological characteristics were comparable between the two groups as well. The operative morbidity and mortality between the two groups were also similar. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for ESRD and non-ESRD groups were 35.0 and 34.2% (P = 0.31), respectively, while the 5-year actuarial survival rates were 67.8 and 53.3% (P = 0.54), respectively. CONCLUSION: With improving techniques and knowledge of dialysis, liver resection for HCC is justified in selected patients with ESRD.     

Outcomes following liver resection and clinical pathologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in patients with chronic hepatitis B and minimally fibrotic liver

Aims

The intent of this analysis is to assess clinico-pathologic and prognostic characteristics of HCC in patients with minimal liver fibrosis (Ishak stage 1–2) after primary surgical liver resection as compared to patients with moderate to severe fibrosis (Ishak stage 3–6) in order to improve screening and treatment of HCC.

Methods

Data were obtained from 200 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent primary surgical liver resection at a single North American medical institution between 1988 and 2012. A dedicated liver pathologist performed fibrosis staging for each resection specimen using the modified Ishak method. Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinico-pathologic variables were performed to determine those associated with prognosis.

Results

Twenty-two percent of patients had minimal fibrosis defined as Ishak stage 1 or 2. Kaplan–Meier analysis of 5-year survival showed a non-significant trend toward better outcome among Ishak 1–2 patients compared to Ishak 3–6 (p = 0.09). Ishak 1–2 was associated with lower hazard of death compared to Ishak 3–6 (adjusted HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15–0.99). Ishak 1–2 retained statistical significance after multivariate analysis for overall survival (p = 0.05), but not recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of HBV–HCC cases arise in the minimally fibrotic liver. Patients with Ishak 1–2 fibrosis have better overall survival compared to those with Ishak 3–6, indicating that minimally fibrotic patients should be treated as a separate cohort. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis and to formulate unique diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for minimally fibrotic HCC patients.     

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who have undergone prior renal transplantation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Because renal transplantation recipients require immunosuppressive drugs, they have a higher incidence of subsequent malignancies. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common. Although liver resection remains an option for curing HCC, the role of liver resection in renal transplantation recipients remains unclear. METHODS: A retrospective review of liver resection for newly diagnosed HCC in 680 patients was conducted. Among them, 18 patients had undergone prior renal transplantation (RT group). The patient background, tumor characteristics, early and long-term results after liver resection were compared with the other 662 patients who had not previously undergone renal transplantation (non-RT group). RESULTS: The patient's background characteristics were comparable between RT and non-RT group. The tumor characteristics, postoperative morbidity, and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The 5-year disease-free survival rates in RT and non-RT groups were 18.8% and 41.2%, respectively (P = 0.242), whereas 5-year actuarial survival rates in RT and non-RT groups were 59.1% and 58.3%, respectively (P = 0.738). Two patients lost their graft kidney 3 and 8 years after liver resection. CONCLUSION: With careful protection of the graft kidney, liver resection is still a justified treatment option for HCC in patients who have undergone renal transplantation.     

Comment on “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis”

The present letter to the editor is in response to the research “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis” by Elshaarawy et al in World J Gastroenterol 2021; 13(5): 424–439. The preoperative assessment of the liver reserve function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis is crucial, and there is no universal consensus on how to assess it. Based on a retrospective study, Elshaarawy et al investigated the impact of various classical clinical indicators on liver failure and the prognosis after hepatectomy in HCC patients with cirrhosis. We recommend that we should strive to explore new appraisal indicators, such as the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min.