电焊工人唾液锰和血清锰及尿锰的改变

目的 探讨唾液锰是否可作为锰接触的生物检测指标.方法 选择电焊锰作业工人49名,其中高浓度接触组21人、低浓度接触组28人,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定唾液锰和血清锰,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定尿锰.结果 高浓度接触组的车间空气锰浓度达2.21 mg/m3,低浓度接触组为0.24 mg/m3.接触组的唾液锰和血清锰分别为(4.45±2.17)、(4.64±1.30)μg/L,均明显高于对照组[分别为(3.04±1.40)、(2.70±1.50)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),尿锰略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高浓度接触组的唾液锰和血清锰升高者分别为85.71%和100.00%,升高均值为3.04和3.00μg/L;低浓度接触组的唾液锰和血清锰升高者为71.43%和89.29%,升高均值为1.04和1.40 μg/L.唾液锰和血清锰未见伴随工龄的升高趋势.结论 唾液锰与血清锰测定均可反映工人的近期锰接触状况,尿锰的变化不敏感.唾液锰测定方便、准确,可作为新的生物检测指标.     

测定尿高香草酸含量对早期诊断锰中毒的意义

本文对某客车厂车体车间157名锰作业者测定了尿高香草酸(HVA)含量。结果表明:尿HVA含量接触组明显低于对照组,(P<0.01)。以对照组为正常人群计算尿HVA正常值下限为3.13mmol/mol肌酐。接触组尿HVA低于正常值下限阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。     

职业性锰暴露对电焊工脂质过氧化的影响研究

[目的]探讨锰暴露对机体脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]2004年,在淮安市选择84名锰焊作业人员,测定作业场所空气锰浓度,检测血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,并以84名服务行业人员为对照。[结果]锰暴露组MDA含量高于对照组,血清SOD、GSHPx活性低于对照组(P<0.01);MDA、SOD与作业场所空气锰浓度呈现一定的剂量反应关系。[结论]锰能使机体脂质过氧化增加,抗氧化氧能力下降,MDA、SOD可以作为锰中毒的早期敏感指标。     

一种新的砷暴露标志物-唾液砷

慢性砷中毒是一种严重危害人类健康的公共卫生疾病,其中毒机制尚不明确且无有效的治疗手段,因此早期的砷暴露筛查尤为重要.找到一种快速、简便的砷暴露检测标志物是预防砷中毒的关键.由于唾液有采样方便,无创伤,易储存,对不同年龄段的人群均适合等一系列优点,近年来唾液标本已广泛的应用到各种疾病及有害因子的诊断和检测当中,包括砷暴露...     

辽宁省一般人群血和尿中锰水平研究

目的调查辽宁省一般人群血和尿中锰水平,分析其人群分布特点。方法将辽宁省划分为东、中、西部地区,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2009—2010年从东、中、西部三个地区抽取了3个城市的2105名对象进行问卷调查,并采集血液和尿液样品。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对血样和尿样进行锰含量的检测,通过统计分析研究一般人群血和尿中锰的分布水平。结果辽宁省一般人群血锰几何均数为6.64μg/L,男性和女性血锰几何均数分别为6.08μg/L、7.07μg/L、(Z=-3.97,P0.01);尿锰几何均数为0.49μg/L,男性和女性尿锰几何均数分别为0.53μg/L、0.46μg/L(Z=-1.70,P0.05)。结论辽宁省一般人群血中锰水平存在性别及地区差异;尿中锰水平存在地区差异,而性别差异无统计学意义。     

职业性锰接触对电焊工人健康的危害

对北京地区的含锰电焊烟尘危害进行了调查和评价。1990～1998年,每一年度平均空气锰浓度为0.10～0.92mg／m     

电焊工人接触锰烟,锰尘及尿锰的调查

为了解电焊作业环境的区域采样与个体采样在评价作业者接触锰烟尘水平的价值，采用滤膜质量法与磷酸－高碘酸钾比色法区域采集的２４份样品和个体采集的１４份样品进行了测定，同时对４２名作业者测定尿锰。结果显示：区域采样与个体采样样品的锰烟和锰尘浓度分别为０．１４±０．０６，４．１±１．２ｍｇ／ｍ＾３和２．６４±３．６８，２９．８±４２ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。个体采样值远高于区域采样值，以个体采样所得结果更能反映作业者     

电焊工人接触锰烟、锰尘及尿锰的调查

为了解电焊作业环境的区域采样与个体采样在评价作业者接触锰烟尘水平的价值，采用滤膜质量法与磷酸－高碘酸钾比色法对区域采集的２４份样品和个体采集的１４份样品进行了测定，同时对４２名作业者测定尿锰。结果显示：区域采样与个体采样样品的锰烟和锰尘浓度分别为０．１４±０．０６，４．１±１．２ｍｇ／ｍ３和２．６４±３．６８，２９．８±４２ｍｇ／ｍ３。个体采样值远高于区域采样值，以个体采样所得结果更能反映作业者的接触水平。尿锰均值水平为０．１２±０．２３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与对照组０．１０±０．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ无显著性差异     

职业性锰接触与尿锰、发锰关系的探讨

对锰矿及其加工厂接触锰工人５３６人、同厂矿其他工种工人５２人和行政对照组５３人进行体检及发锰、尿锰测定，同时进行环境检测。作业环境空气中ＭｎＯ２平均浓度波动范围０．１～１．８５ｍｇ／ｍ３；粉尘平均浓度在０．２２～８．０７ｍｇ／ｍ３。尿锰及发锰均值接触组、其他工种、对照组分别为０．２７９４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．３２７６μｍｏｌ／ｇ，０．１６４９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．２５１９μｍｏｌ／ｇ，０．１１８７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．０７６６μｍｏｌ／ｇ。尿锰、发锰与空气锰及粉尘浓度间、与症状体征间未发现相关关系，认为尿锰、发锰目前只能作为锰接触指标，还不能作为锰接触工人的生物监测指标或早期锰中毒的诊断指标。     

职业性锰接触对工人尿锌水平的影响

目的预防工人职业性锰中毒,寻找锰中毒早期预警指标。方法对148名职业性锰接触工人和100名对照人员进行了尿锰、尿锌水平的检测。结果锰暴露组人群与对照组尿锰差异无统计学意义(t=0.195,P0.05;尿锌暴露组显著低于对照组,分别为(2.08±0.48)和(3.21±0.64)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=15.15,P0.01);而尿锌浓度随尿锰浓度升高而降低,呈负相关(P0.01)。结论过量锰可能影响人体内锌的正常代谢,尿锌浓度的检测对于锰中毒的早期诊断具有参考意义。     

Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites in Milk,Urine, Saliva,and Serum of Lactating North Carolina Women

Background

Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment, but concentrations in multiple media from breast-feeding U.S. women have not been evaluated.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to accurately measure and compare the concentrations of oxidative monoester phthalate metabolites in milk and surrogate fluids (serum, saliva, and urine) of 33 lactating North Carolina women.

Methods

We analyzed serum, saliva, urine, and milk for the oxidative phthalate metabolites mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Because only urine lacks esterases, we analyzed it for the hydrolytic phthalate monoesters.

Results

We detected phthalate metabolites in few milk (< 10%) and saliva samples. MECPP was detected in > 80% of serum samples, but other metabolites were less common (3–22%). Seven of the 10 urinary metabolites were detectable in ≥ 85% of samples. Monoethyl phthalate had the highest mean concentration in urine. Metabolite concentrations differed by body fluid (urine > serum > milk and saliva). Questionnaire data suggest that frequent nail polish use, immunoglobulin A, and fasting serum glucose and triglyceride levels were increased among women with higher concentrations of urinary and/or serum phthalate metabolites; motor vehicle age was inversely correlated with certain urinary phthalate concentrations.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that phthalate metabolites are most frequently detected in urine of lactating women and are less often detected in serum, milk, or saliva. Urinary phthalate concentrations reflect maternal exposure and do not represent the concentrations of oxidative metabolites in other body fluids, especially milk.     

HBV感染者血、尿和唾液中前S1抗原检测

目的：探讨前S1抗原在HBV感染者血液,尿液和唾液中的存在情况及其与其它标志物的关系。方法：分别收集81例乙肝患者血液81份,尿液63份,唾液67份及73例无症状HBsAg携带者的血液,尿液和唾液标本各73份,采用ELISA法检测HBsAg,HBeAg,前S1抗原和前S2抗原,用斑点杂交法测HBV－DNA。结果：前S1抗原在血液,尿液和唾液中的检出率分别为67．5％,27．2％和22．1％,乙肝患者各指标的检出率均高于无症状HBsAg推带者。结论：前S1抗原可在乙肝患者和无症状HBsAg携带者的血液,尿液和唾液中检出,是反映乙型肝炎传染性的一项很有意义的指标。     

化学法尿铅作为铅接触指标的价值评价

评价化学法尿铅筛选职业性铅接触的价值。收集１５７名同一铅接触工人的血标本及尿标本,同时测定血铅,悄铅,红细胞游离原卟啉,锌卟啉,尿δ－氨基酮戊酸,以血铅≥４０μｇ／ｄｌ,≥６０μｇ／ｄｌ的铅接触水平为金标准。用Ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｒ－Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇ Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ曲线分析软件评价化学法尿负及其它测定指标的准确性。     

职业性锰暴露对锰冶炼厂男性工人认知能力的影响

[目的]探讨不同职业锰暴露水平对锰冶炼厂工人认知能力的影响及其他可能影响其认知能力的因素.[方法]选择广西某锰冶炼厂240名男性冶炼工人为暴露组,按锰累积暴露指数(CEI)分为高暴露组(CEI≥2.000,86名)和低暴露组(CEI＜ 2.000,154名),以同一地区某糖厂240名男性工人为对照组,调查其一般情况,并采用北京版蒙特利尔认知评估调查问卷对认知能力进行调查. [结果]该厂锰作业男性工人CEI与认知能力呈负相关(r=-0.324,P＜0.05).控制年龄、婚姻状况等协变量后,暴露组工人认知能力低于对照组人群(P＜0.01),且高暴露组工人认知能力低于低暴露组(P＜0.05).多重线性回归分析显示,影响锰暴露工人认知能力的因素有:年龄、文化水平、CEI、吸烟指数(均P＜0.05).[结论]职业性锰暴露可能降低锰冶炼厂男性工人认知能力;此外,年龄、文化水平、吸烟也可影响锰冶炼工人的认知能力.     

锰对机体神经行为功能影响的研究

本文研究了职业性锰接触对机体神经行为功能的影响。研究表明,当空气中锰深度(换算成二氧化锰)为0.252mg/m~3时,机体的行为如情绪、简单反应时、数字跨度、Benton视觉记忆及目标追踪Ⅱ,与对照组比,已有明显改变;其中某些行为的变化与空气中锰浓度呈一定良好的接触水平-效应关系。     

镍接触者尿中镍的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定法

目的建立尿中镍的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定职业镍接触者的尿镍水平,并与非职业镍接触者尿镍进行比较。方法用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接进样测定职业和非职业镍接触者尿中镍浓度,然后进行统计分析。结果该方法在2～100μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9,检出线为1.3μg/L,回收率93.9%～106.2%,RDS2.4%～5.5%。职业镍接触者尿镍浓度高于非职业接触者,经统计分析,两者的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该方法可作为监测职业镍接触者体内镍摄入水平。     

2011年青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害情况调查

[目的]了解青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害情况,以便采取措施预防电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。[方法]2011年6～7月,在青岛市选择不同类型机械制造企业,对505名电焊工进行问卷调查。[结果]调查的505名电焊工中,主诉喉咙痛的占30.10%,经常咳嗽的占22.77%,夜间腿抽筋的占16.83%,食欲下降的占14.06%,肌无力的占8.51%,手震颤或发抖的占7.13%,抑郁的占6.53%,声音改变的占4.75%,手或脚刺痛的占4.55%,行动缓慢的占3.56%,从椅子上站起困难的占1.98%,行为改变的占1.58%,平衡困难的占1.39%,步态不稳的占1.19%,行走困难的占0.99%。喉咙痛、经常咳嗽、食欲下降、肌无力、手震颤或发抖、抑郁、声音改变、从椅子上站起困难及行为改变罹患率,国有、外资、私营机械企业电焊工的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05),均为私营企业最低;经常咳嗽罹患率城市工人高于农民工,行为改变罹患率农民工高于城市工人(P<0.01或<0.05)。[结论]青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害症状报告率较高,多种症状报告率国有企业和外资企业电焊工高于私营企业电焊工。     

Toenail Metal Concentration as a Biomarker of Occupational Welding Fume Exposure

In populations exposed to heavy metals, there are few biomarkers that capture intermediate exposure windows. We sought to determine the correlation between toenail metal concentrations and prior 12-month work activity in welders with variable, metal-rich, welding fume exposures. Forty-eight participants, recruited through a local union, provided 69 sets of toenail clippings. Union-supplied and worker-verified personal work histories were used to quantify hours welded and respirator use. Toenail samples were digested and analyzed for lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) using ICP-MS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between toenail metal concentrations. Using mixed models to account for multiple participation times, we divided hours welded into three-month intervals and examined how weld hours correlated with log-transformed toenail Pb, Mn, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Highest concentrations were found for Ni, followed by Mn, Pb and As, and Cd. All the metals were significantly correlated with one another (rho range = 0.28–0.51), with the exception of Ni and As (rho = 0.20, p = 0.17). Using mixed models adjusted for age, respirator use, smoking status, and BMI, we found that Mn was associated with weld hours 7–9 months prior to clipping (p = 0.003), Pb was associated with weld hours 10–12 months prior to clipping (p = 0.03) and over the entire year (p = 0.04). Cd was associated with weld hours 10–12 months prior to clipping (p = 0.05), and also with the previous year's total hours welded (p = 0.02). The association between Ni and weld hours 7–9 months prior to clipping approached significance (p = 0.06). Toenail metal concentrations were not associated with the long-term exposure metric, years as a welder. Results suggest Mn, Pb, and Cd may have particular windows of relevant exposure that reflect work activity. In a population with variable exposure, toenails may serve as useful biomarkers for occupational metal fume exposures to Mn, Pb, and Cd during distinct periods over the year prior to sample collection.