垃圾焚烧厂周边哺乳妇女母乳中二噁英负荷水平及影响因素

目的 定量检测深圳市垃圾焚烧炉周围居民母乳中多氯代二苯并-对-二噁英与多氯代二苯并呋喃(PC DD/Fs)含量,对比深圳市普通人群母乳中PCDD/Fs含量,并分析其相关影响因素.方法 于2011年4～12月,采集垃圾焚烧炉周围5 km范围内,符合条件的哺乳期妇女产后1～2个月的母乳89份.母乳样品经前处理后,采用同位素稀释的高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱方法(HRGC/HRMS),对母乳样品中的PCDD/Fs的17种化合物单体进行定量分析,计算总毒性当量浓度.用SPSS13.0分析乳母年龄、居住时间、饮食等因素与母乳中PCDD/Fs浓度的相关关系.结果 母乳样品中∑PCDD/Fs质量浓度中位数为181.52 pg/g脂肪,ΣTEQ-PCDD/Fs浓度中位数为5.80 pg/g脂肪.按质量浓度计算,占主要优势的污染化合物单体为OCDD 84.26％、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 5.84％、OCDF 2.14％.按照TEQ浓度计算,占主要优势的污染化合物单体为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 39.45％、1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 7.56％、l,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 24.20％.经统计学分析发现,年龄与母乳中PCDD/Fs负荷相关,高年龄组母亲的母乳中PCDD/Fs负荷高于低年龄组母亲(分别为7.71 pg/g脂肪和6.34 pg/g脂肪,P=0.04);家庭收入与母乳中PCDD/Fs负荷水平相关(r=0.22,P＜ 0.05).结论 深圳地区垃圾焚烧炉周围母乳中二噁英类化合物负荷水平与深圳市普通人群相当,母乳中PCDD/Fs负荷水平与母亲年龄和家庭收入正相关.     

丹参对肺纤维化大鼠血清中IL-23/IL-17轴的影响

目的:通过检测盐酸博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的大鼠肺纤维化模型在不同时间点IL-17,IL-23的变化,探讨丹参注射液治疗肺纤维化的可能机制。方法:将72只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组:正常组(N组)、模型组(B组)、地塞米松组(DM组),中药干预组(SAL组)。N组气管内灌注生理盐水(NS),B组、DM组及SAL组气管内灌注BLM,随后N组和B组每日腹腔注射NS,DM组每日腹腔注射DM,中药干预组(SAL)每日给予丹参注射液2g/kg灌胃,分别于气管内灌注药物后第7天,第14天和第28天处死每组大鼠各6只,腹主动脉采血,用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中IL-17及IL-23的含量。结果:模型组血清中IL-17、IL-23的表达在各时间点明显高于正常组(P<0.05),并呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但第28天时仍高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DM组及SAL干预组变化趋势与模型组类似,但表达水平均低于同时间点的模型组(P<0.05)。结论:丹参注射液可以阻断IL-23/IL-17炎性反应轴,对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化具有明显的保护作用,缓解肺纤维化。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血中IL-23与TGF-β的表达水平及其意义

随着调节性T细胞(Tr)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)等新的T淋巴亚群的发现,人们对T淋巴细胞及其相关细胞因子的研究成为当今热点,同时它们在SLE发病机制中的研究也有了更深入的认识,现就对近年IL-23及TGF-β在SLE中的表达水平及临床相关研究做一综述。     

系统性红斑狼疮患儿外周血IL-6、IL-10、IL-17水平变化及其在单个核细胞中的表达研究

目的研究系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患儿外周血中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-17(IL-17)水平的变化情况及其在外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMCs)中的表达情况。方法选取46例SLE患儿及20例健康儿童分别为病例组(SLE组)和对照组(Control组),采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测外周血中IL-6、IL-10、IL-17蛋白水平,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time polymerse chain reaction,q PCR)技术检测PBMCs中IL-6、IL-10、IL-17的m RNA表达水平,分析比较2组的蛋白和m RNA表达量的差异。结果 SLE组IL-6、IL-10、IL-17蛋白及m RNA表达水平均高于Control组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SLE患儿外周血中IL-6、IL-10、IL-17蛋白及m RNA表达水平升高,提示其可能参与SLE患儿的发病过程。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌患者IL-23A、IL-17A的表达及意义

目的分析宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌患者血清白介素-23A(IL-23A)和白介素-17A(IL-17A)的表达情况及其临床应用价值。方法选取2013年1月-2016年1月解放军第一七四医院妇科收治的127例CIN及36例宫颈癌患者为研究对象。比较术前不同级别CIN及宫颈癌患者血清IL-23A及IL-17A的表达情况,分析IL-23A及IL-17A与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系;并探讨IL-23A及IL-17A对CIN及宫颈癌患者预后评估的价值。结果对照组、低CIN组、高CIN组及宫颈癌组患者血清IL-23A及IL-17A水平依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各组HPV单一感染患者血清IL-23A及IL-17水平均低于复合感染患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);CIN及宫颈癌术后高危HPV感染持续阳性患者血清IL-23A及IL-17水平均高于HPV转阴患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 IL-23A及IL-17A作为机体质量要的炎性介质在高危型HPV感染导致的CIN及宫颈癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

电子垃圾拆解区居民血清中甲状腺激素和性激素水平研究

目的探讨电子垃圾拆解区居民血清中甲状腺激素和性激素水平的变化。方法于2005年8—12月在我国南方某有10余年历史的电子垃圾拆解区(暴露组)及距该地区约50km无明显工业污染的农业区(对照组)分别随机选取当地居民58名和80名。用免疫化学发光分析(immunochemiluminometric assay,ICMA)法检测两组居民血清甲状腺激素[包括游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(free thyroxine,FT4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroidstimulating hormone,TSH)]和性激素[包括雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、孕酮(progesterone,Pro)、睾酮(testerone,T)]水平,并分析其影响因素。结果暴露组血清中FT4水平低于对照组(P<0.05);但TSH水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。男性居民中,暴露组血清中E2和T均低于对照组(P<0.05);在女性中,暴露组血清中Pro水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。电子垃圾拆解职业暴露史是TSH水平升高的危险因素(OR=3.88,P<0.01);性别(OR=0.39,P<0.05)和电子设备拥有情况(OR=0.33,P<0.05)是FT3水平降低的保护因素。结论电子垃圾处理环境暴露可能对当地居民血清中甲状腺激素和性激素水平有影响。     

炎症细胞因子在被动吸烟青年中水平表达的实验研究

大量研究证实，被动吸烟可对机体造成多种不良影响。作者对被动吸烟青年的C-反应蛋白（CRP）及炎症细胞因子的表达进行观察，以探讨被动吸烟能否引起炎症细胞因子和炎症标志物的改变以及相互之间的关系。     

25-羟维生素D3水平对ITP患儿外周血Th17/Treg相关细胞因子表达的影响

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D_3水平对特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患儿外周血中Th17/Treg相关细胞因子的表达水平影响。方法收集九江学院附属医院及九江市妇女儿童医院ITP患儿32例,测定血清25-羟维生素D_3浓度,依据25-羟维生素D_3浓度分为缺乏组(低于20ng/mL),不足组(20～30ng/mL)及正常组。同时以30名健康儿童为对照组,分别检测各组血清IL-17、IL-21、IL-10及TGF-β的表达水平。结果 ITP患儿组与正常组的年龄(t=1.989,P=0.682)、性别(χ~2=1.013,P=0.859)无统计学意义。ITP患儿中维生素D_3缺乏组和不足组的IL-10及TGF-β表达水平明显低于正常组和健康对照组(P0.05),而IL-17及IL-21水平则显著高于ITP患儿的维生素D_3正常组和健康对照组(P0.05)。结论血清25-羟维生素D_3缺乏或减少与IL-17、IL-21、IL-10、TGF-β的表达水平密切相关,并对ITP患儿外周血Th17/Treg相关细胞因子表达起重要的调节作用。     

卡巴胆碱对危重病人血浆细胞因子的影响

[目的]研究拟胆碱药卡巴胆碱对危重病人血浆细胞因子的影响及其意义。[方法]选取2007年2月～2009年12月唐山市3家综合性三级医院ICU172例胃肠功能障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(42例)卡巴胆碱组(67例)和莫沙比利组(63例),分别给予不同治疗后,不同时间点测定外周血炎性细胞因子的水平。[结果]随着治疗的进行,各组血浆细胞因子均有下降之势,卡巴胆碱组不同时间点相比差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),而其他两组不同时间点相比差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。同时,相同时间点卡巴胆碱组和莫沙比利组血浆CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平亦均有不同程度下降,卡巴胆碱组与其他两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但莫沙比利组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]卡巴胆碱能抑制危重病人体内炎性细胞因子的产生,在改善胃肠道缺血和炎症反应方面具有潜在的价值。     

2015年中国育龄女性血浆硒水平及其影响因素

目的 评估中国育龄女性血浆硒水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法 利用“2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测”数据信息和生物样本库,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,共纳入1881名18～44岁育龄女性作为研究对象。基本信息采用统一的电子问卷和设备进行现场收集、测量、记录。血浆硒浓度使用电感耦合等离子质谱仪测定。分别采用梅奥(Mayo)诊所和本实验室建立的参考值评估中国育龄女性血浆硒水平,使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析低血浆硒水平的影响因素。结果中国育龄女性血浆硒M(P25,P75)为89.52(74.21,105.03)μg/L,并且民族、地理位置、城乡类型、文化程度之间的差异对该人群的血浆硒水平具有影响(P<0.05)。依据Mayo诊所(<70μg/L)和本实验室(<73.81μg/L)建立的参考界值,得到低血浆硒人群占比分别为20.47%和24.51%,并且低硒率与民族、地理位置、城乡类型、文化程度、婚姻状况有关。位于中、西部地区、农村地区的育龄女性存在更高的低硒风险(P<0.05)。结论 2015年中国育龄女性血浆硒水平较低,并且低硒水平在中国的中、西部地...     

Risk Factors Affecting Blood PCDDs and PCDFs in Residents Living near an Industrial Incinerator in Korea

The contamination sources of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), such as industrial incinerators, can potentially change the blood levels and isomer patterns of PCDD/DFs in residents living near the incinerators. In this study, we estimated whether the blood levels and isomer patterns of PCDD/DFs in residents living near an incinerator were affected by its presence and investigated factors that characterize the risk of high exposure to PCDD/DFs in the area. We estimated the blood levels and homologue patterns of PCDD/DFs in a group of 40 residents living within 5 km of an industrial incinerator and in a group of 20 residents living 20 km away from an incinerator. We cannot assert that the operation of incinerator facilities was only cause of increased PCDD/DFs in these residents; however, the operation of incinerator facilities in agricultural areas increased PCDD/DF exposure to individuals. The group living next to the industrial incinerator especially represented the typical isomer pattern in which the proportions of OCDDs were lower and those of PCDFs higher than those in the other groups. The high-risk population with increased blood levels of PCDD/DFs included those who had lived longer in the contaminated area as well as those who frequently ate contaminated foods.     

Health Risk Assessment of PCDD/PCDF Exposure for the Population Living in the Vicinity of a Municipal Waste Incinerator

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators cause concern to the populations living in the vicinity of these facilities. In this study, the health risks of PCDD/F exposure were assessed for adults and children living 500 and 1,000 m from the MSW incinerator. A comparative analysis was performed before (1998) and after (2000) pronounced decreases in PCDD/F air emissions from the stack were noted as a consequence of technical improvements in the facility. At 500 m, total environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs diminished from 5.102 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.271 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day for adults, and from 8.131 × 10⁻⁵ to 2.656 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day for children, which means a reduction of 75.1% for adults and 67.3% for children between 1998 and 2000. At 1,000 m, total environmental PCDD/F exposure diminished from 4.087 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 1998 to 0.995 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 2000 and from 6.294 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 1998 to 1.983 × 10⁻⁵ ng I-TEQ/kg/day in 2000 for adults and children, respectively. However, these reductions are almost imperceptible compared with the contribution of dietary intake of PCDD/F to total exposure to these contaminants. The present results corroborate that for MSW incinerators with modern technologies, human PCDD/F exposure is mainly due to background contamination. Received: 2 January 2002/Accepted: 30 May 2002     

Distribution of and Factors Associated with Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Wuhan Residents: A Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis

HOMOCYSTEINE, an amino acid with a sulfhy-dryl group, is an important intermediate product inthe metabolism of methionine and cysteine.Homocysteine itself, however, does not participatein the synthesis of protein products.1 Epidemiologicstudies by Wilcken et al. were the first to charac-terize homocysteine (Hcy) as an independent riskfactor for cardiovascular disease.2 This observationhas been confirmed by subsequent studies whichhave correlated Hcy levels and the risk of acutemyocardial infarction, stroke,...     

PCDD/F Levels in the Vicinity of an Old Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator: Temporal Variation in Soils

In order to determine the temporal variation in the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in soils in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (Montcada, Barcelona, Spain), in 1997 we collected 24 soil samples at the same sampling points in which samples were taken 1 year before. Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by GC/MS. While in the previous study PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 44.26 ng TEQ/kg (dry matter), (median and mean values: 3.52 and 6.91 ng TEQ/kg), in the present study PCDD/F levels ranged from 0.15 to 29.27 ng TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 2.56 and 4.47 ng TEQ/kg). PCDD/F concentrations decreased in 14 of the 24 soil samples, while the remaining 10 samples showed increases of different orders. No statistically significant differences in PCDD/F levels according to the main wind directions in the area were noted. In both surveys, the highest PCDD/F concentrations were found 750 m from the stack to the south. The current levels of PCDD/Fs in soils, as well as those found in the previous survey are similar or even lower than PCDD/F concentrations reported for soil samples taken near to municipal solid waste incinerators from different places. Received: 2 May 1998/Accepted: 23 November 1998     

Environmental tobacco smoke interference in the assessment of the health impact of a municipal waste incinerator on children through urinary thioether assay

The urinary elimination of thioethers urinary thioethers (UT) was studied in 83 schoolchildren living in two different areas of the city of Mataró, with special attention paid to the influence of a waste incinerator and of the smoking habits of their parents. The mean UT values were 8.79+/-3.23 and 7.52+/-3.23 mmol/mol creatinine in the area close to the incinerator (A1) and in the area far away from it (A2) respectively (statistically n.s.). Children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home presented increased levels of UT (8.60+/-3.11 vs 5.93+/-3.22 mmol/mol creatinine; P=0.002). Considering the two exposures together (waste incinerator and ETS), no differences were found between the two areas studied (A1 and A2) in non-exposed (ETS) children, whereas slight differences were found when comparing highest ETS exposed children from the two areas (10. 18+/-2.70 vs 8.00+/-3.42 mmol/mol creatinine; P=0.04). Exposure to ETS could affect health more than pollutants from a waste incinerator and may interfere with non-selective assays such as urinary thioethers.     

大鼠肺部侵袭性光滑假丝酵母菌感染过程中Dectin-1蛋白和IL-17、IL-23的含量变化及意义

目的通过建立大鼠肺部侵袭性光滑假丝酵母菌感染模型,探讨大鼠肺组织树突状细胞相关C型凝集素-1(Dectin-1)和血清、肺泡灌洗液中白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23含量的变化及意义。方法将54只SD大鼠随机分为A、B、C组,每组18只。A组不做任何处理,B组直接气管内灌注热处理光滑假丝酵母菌菌液,C组先免疫抑制后再气管内灌注等剂量热处理光滑假丝酵母菌菌液。在感染后第1、3、5天,观察各组大鼠肺组织的病理变化,并对各组大鼠肺组织中的Dectin-1蛋白表达量以及大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中的IL-17及IL-23含量进行检测及比较。结果 C组大鼠肺组织炎症病变及肺损伤最严重,B组次之,A组无炎症改变。A组血清及肺泡灌洗液中IL-17、IL-23含量及肺组织Dectin-1蛋白表达量在各时间点均最低;B组和C组中IL-17、IL-23含量及肺组织Dectin-1蛋白的表达量均随时间增高,且C组IL-17、IL-23含量以及Dectin-1蛋白表达量在各个时间点均高于A组和B组。通过多元回归分析得出,对大鼠进行免疫抑制、大鼠真菌感染及感染后的时间长短均分别对大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中IL-17、IL-23含量及肺组织Dectin-1蛋白的表达量有影响,其中应用免疫抑制剂对大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液中IL-17、IL-23含量及肺组织Dectin-1蛋白的表达量影响程度最大,大鼠真菌感染及感染后的时间长短的影响次之。结论 Dectin-1是识别热处理光滑假丝酵母菌感染的重要受体,诱导产生的IL-17、IL-23参与抗真菌的免疫应答,并可能导致肺损伤。     

成都市中心城区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的了解成都市公民健康素养水平,探索公众健康素养的影响因素,为制定和评价健康教育政策、干预措施提供依据。方法在成都市中心城区和高新技术开发区共2 400名居民进行面对面问卷调查。结果成都市城区居民具备健康素养的比例为28.2%,调查对象在婚姻状况、文化程度、在业情况及家庭月收入上的差别具有统计学意义,影响健康素养水平的主要因素为城乡、文化程度、在业情况及家庭月收入。结论坚持健康素养监测,扩大监测范围。重视不同地域、不同人群的健康知识需求,有针对性的开展健康教育工作。     

某油田人群高尿酸血症患病情况及相关因素分析

目的调查长庆油田人群中高尿酸血症的患病情况并对其相关危险因素进行分析。方法通过系统抽样法选取2009年6月-2010年6月在本院参加健康体检和建立社区居民档案的3 874人进行横断面调查,通过Logistic多元回归模型分析人口学特征、生活习惯、慢性病及代谢综合征与高尿酸血症的相关关系。结果该人群高尿酸血症的患病率为:男性19.9%,女性12.9%。Logistic多元回归模型显示男性(OR 2.06,95%CI 1.63~3.69)、夜班工作(OR2.47,95%CI 1.02~5.98)、2型糖尿病(且空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L)(OR 12.88,95%CI 4.07~40.79)、使用利尿剂(OR2.25,95%CI 1.42~3.57)、超重/肥胖(OR 1.58,95%CI 1.01~2.48)/(OR 2.90,95%CI 1.79~4.69)、高血压(OR 2.35,95%CI 1.52~3.61)、高甘油三酯血症(OR 3.13,95%CI 2.12~4.63)与高尿酸血症的危险性升高相关,而退休(OR 0.21,95%CI 0.12~0.38)与高尿酸血症的危险性降低相关。结论男性、夜班工作、2型糖尿病、使用利尿剂、超重/肥胖、高血压、高甘油三酯血症可能是高尿酸血症的危险因素;退休可能是保护因素。     

IL-23/Th17通路在HBV相关肝脏疾病发生发展中的作用

 白细胞介素23（IL-23）与慢性炎症有着重要的联系,关于IL-23的研究多与自身免疫性疾病相关,目前已有部分IL-23拮抗剂应用于临床。在乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染相关慢性肝脏疾病（CLD）中,大多数研究显示血清IL-23的表达升高,并且可能与Th17细胞在HBV相关CLD中共同发挥促炎作用。现有关于IL-23与HBV感染的研究主要为临床数据相关性研究,对于作用机制的探索较少。该文总结近年来国内外研究中有关IL-23/Th17通路在HBV相关CLD中可能的作用机制。