多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术17例分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响.方法17例多胎妊娠孕早期在B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入1个或2个胚胎的心管搏动处,反复抽吸或注入少量药物致心搏停止.结果14例经阴道减胎术单次成功,3例经腹部减胎2～3次成功.2例足月剖宫分娩,2例孕32周、孕34周提前剖宫术.5例晚期流产.2例因感染而分别于术后第3、第7天流产.6例继续妊娠.多胎妊娠的减胎术成功率88.2%(15/17).总流产率41.2%(7/17).已分娩的8个新生儿健康.结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法.     

早孕期阴道B超引导下胚胎抽吸术的临床应用

目的 :总结早孕期多胎妊娠减胎术 ( MPR)的经验及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 :经辅助生殖技术受孕的 1 0例多胎妊娠患者接受了阴道 B超引导下胚胎抽吸术。结果 :共减灭 1 2个早孕期胚胎 ,减胎孕龄平均为 7.6± 0 .5周 ,消减每孕囊时间平均为 4.9± 2 .6min。4例 (包括 2例早产 )共分娩了 7个新生儿 ( 1例单胎 )。分娩孕周为 37.4± 2 .2周 ,出生体重为 2 72 0± 5 63.6g。无流产和新生儿死亡 ;其余 6例 (双胎 )继续妊娠 ,胎儿宫内发育良好。结论 :早孕期阴道 B超引导下胚胎抽吸术是改善多胎妊娠结局的有效方法。     

辅助生殖技术多胎妊娠行减胎术对临床结局的影响

目的:评估辅助生殖技术多胎妊娠选择性经阴道减为单胎的安全性和必要性。方法:回顾分析本中心行辅助生殖技术治疗后获得妊娠的患者,其中单胎妊娠2760例,双胎未减胎1258例,三胎未减胎15例,减胎后单胎18例。比较各组的流产率、早产率、剖宫产率、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重及低体重儿出生率等。结果:减胎后单胎组与多胎未减胎组比较,早产率、剖宫产率及低体重儿出生率降低(P0.05),分娩孕周延长(P0.05),新生儿出生体重增加(P0.05)。单胎妊娠组与减胎后单胎组患者的年龄、流产率、早产率、剖宫产率、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重及低体重儿出生率等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期实施选择性经阴道减胎术,仅保留一个胎儿,可有效降低母婴早产及剖宫产导致的风险,从而改善临床结局。     

辅助生殖技术助孕后的多胎妊娠早孕期减胎91例分析

目的:评价辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕后多胎妊娠早孕期减胎术的安全性及必要性。方法:回顾性分析91例多胎妊娠B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎患者的临床资料,统计其早期流产率、晚期流产率,并将减胎后的患者分为单胎妊娠组及双胎妊娠组,统计各组早产率、早产孕周、早产平均体质量及足月低体质量儿出生率,并与同期施行ART助孕的单胎妊娠及未行减胎的双胎妊娠4 623例进行比较分析。结果:减胎组早期流产率为2.20%,明显优于同期妊娠的早期流产率(10.96%),组间有统计学差异。减胎后的单胎妊娠组早产率、早期流产率及晚期流产率均优于未行减胎的双胎妊娠组。结论:早孕期施行B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎术是安全的,且可有效减少多胎妊娠发生,改善其不良妊娠结局。     

辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得多胎妊娠行减胎术后妊娠结局观察

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)获得的多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术的有效性和安全性。方法:以经ART助孕获得多胎妊娠行经阴道减胎术的患者123例为减胎组,根据减胎后保留的胎儿数分为双胎组(A组,n=90)和单胎组(B组,n=33)。另以同期经ART助孕获得单胎妊娠(C组,n=36)和双胎妊娠(D组,n=57)的患者为对照组。回顾性分析患者的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症发生情况。结果:减胎组的减胎成功率为100.0%,妊娠成功率为91.9%。A组胎膜早破发生率、早产发生率、新生儿低出生体质量发生率、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)入住率均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术安全、有效、可行。多胎妊娠实施减胎术中减为单胎更为安全。     

早孕期多胎妊娠胚胎减灭术

由于多胎妊娠产妇及新生儿并发症显著增高,多胎妊娠胚胎减灭术逐步应用于临床并成为减少多胎妊娠不良并发症的有效措施.目前,生殖医学工作者的当务之急除了提高减胎技术的安全性有效性,最重要的问题还应该集中于减少辅助生育技术带来的多胎妊娠.     

胚芽抽吸法减胎术122例临床分析

目的:探讨孕早期多胎妊娠经阴道行胚芽抽吸法减胎术的可靠性、安全性及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对辅助生殖技术程序中的122例多胎妊娠患者,于孕早期采用胚芽抽吸法行减胎术。结果:一次性手术成功率为99.2%,总流产率11.5%,平均分娩孕周37.4周,新生儿体重2550g,新生儿未见严重的体表及内脏畸形。结论:对于孕早期多胎妊娠,胚芽抽吸减胎技术确为一有效、安全、且操作相对简便的补救性治疗措施。     

多胎妊娠减胎术16例临床分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响。方法2002年1月-2005年12月在我院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的16例多胎妊娠（A组）孕早期在阴道B超引导下穿刺,采用氯化钾心腔内注射或单纯胚芽穿刺抽吸法行减胎术,并与同期进行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的64例双胎妊娠（B组）相比较。结果16例减胎术均一次成功。其中3例流产,13例患者已分娩（其中早产5例）,24个新生儿平均孕周（37.2±1.4）周,出生体重（2660.0±417.5）g,均健康无畸形。B组64例患者中4例孕早期流产,3例孕晚期流产,57例（其中早产24例）分娩109个新生儿,其中2个重度窒息死亡,2个先天畸形,平均孕周（37.0±2.0）周,出生体重（2603.3±459.7）g。两组的流产率、活产率、早产率、平均孕周、平均出生体重等均无明显差别。结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法。     

IVF/ICSI-ET后单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠

目的:报道1例体外受精/单精子胞浆内注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)后单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠。方法:患者为26岁女性,接受IVF/ICSI-ET治疗,取卵后3d移植2枚8-细胞胚胎。结果:孕6周经阴道B超示单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠。选择性减胎术在孕7周进行,减灭单绒毛膜四胎。孕40周行剖宫产术娩出单活男婴。结论:高龄、透明带操作、胚胎培养时间和条件、促排卵治疗等多种因素可造成单卵多胎妊娠。选择性减胎术可降低多胎妊娠的不利影响,但应更注重预防其发生。     

多胎减胎后单胎分娩与单胎妊娠分娩比较分析

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕单胎分娩者中,孕早期多胎妊娠自然减胎及手术减胎对围产期母儿结局的影响。方法回顾性分析3 376例行IVF助孕治疗,新鲜或冷冻胚胎移植后单胎分娩者的临床资料,根据孕早期宫内孕囊数分组:A组(多胎妊娠,455例),其中A1组(手术减胎,34例),A2组(自然减胎,421例);B组(单胎妊娠,2 921例);分年龄进行组间临床基本资料,出生低体质量儿率、新生儿畸形率、妊娠期并发症等围产期母婴结局的比较。结果 (1)35岁的患者中,A组比B组不孕时间短、移植胚胎数多和优质胚胎数多;(2)囊胚移植比例、冷冻胚胎移植比例A、B组间均无统计学差异;(3)A1组和A2组出生低体质量儿率、出生极低体质量儿率、胎儿畸形率均显著高于B组(P0.05),但A1、A2组间无统计学差异(P0.05),A2组早产率明显增加,与B组有统计学差异(P0.01)。结论多胎妊娠即使减胎后单胎分娩,其新生儿低体质量及畸形风险仍高于单胎妊娠分娩者,35岁、不孕时间短者,建议选择性单优质胚胎移植,以降低多胎妊娠。     

多胎妊娠减胎术发展现状

近30年多胎妊娠的发生率显著增加,对于母婴的围产期结局产生了极大的影响。多胎妊娠减胎术通过在妊娠中减去一个或多个胎儿,避免多胎分娩,可改善妊娠结局。影响减胎术后结局的临床因素主要为减胎孕周、手术方式、起始及最终胚胎的数量以及是否合并单绒毛膜多胎。此外,减胎术前的产前诊断对于选择减胎对象有着准确的指导。本文就多胎妊娠减胎术现状及影响其妊娠结局的相关临床因素做一综述。     

Spontaneous abortions in couples declining multifetal pregnancy reduction

Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) has clearly improved the outcomes of multifetal gestations. Several recent reports have also suggested improved outcomes in nonreduced cases, but there have been methodologic concerns about the denominators, i.e. have all cases been included and is there a 'hidden mortality' of unknown lost cases. Here we assessed the outcome of patients telephoning to discuss MFPR, but who chose not to have the procedure. Over a 3-year period, 446 patients had MFPR by one operator. Nineteen patients chose not to have the procedure. There were 11 preterm births, 1 term delivery, and 5 spontaneous losses (7 of 17) prior to 24 weeks, a loss rate of 35%. Two patients delivering triplets had a loss of 1 fetus/neonate. These data suggest that the loss rates of nonreduced pregnancies may be higher than generally thought, making the improvements with MFPR even bigger than generally realized.     

Retain singleton or twins? Multifetal pregnancy reduction strategies in triplet pregnancies with monochorionic twins

Objective

To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of retaining a singleton or twins for multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) in triplet pregnancy with monochorionic twins.

Study design

This retrospective study was conducted from January 2006 to September 2011 at a university reproductive medical center. Multifetal pregnant patients (n = 35) with dichorionic triplets underwent MFPR in the first trimester to reduce one or both monochorionic twins. These cases were divided into two groups: Group A (9 MFPR cases to reduce one monochorionic twin) and Group B (26 MFPR for both monochorionic twins). Control A (for Group A) included another 18 cases of trichorionic triplet reduction to twins; Control B (for Group B) included 35 cases of trichorionic triplet reduction to singletons. MFPR was performed during the same period for all groups. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups.

Results

Patients were 28–39 years old; the average gestation for fetal reduction was 6–8 weeks. The early abortion rate was lower in Group A than Group B (0 versus 11.5%, p = 0.339), but the late abortion rate was significantly higher in Group A. (33.3% versus 0, p = 0.000). Groups A and B did not differ significantly in premature labor rate, term birth rate, gestation at delivery and take-home baby rate. The rate of very low and low birth weight was significantly higher in Group A than Group B (50% versus 0, p = 0.001), and the average birth weight was significantly lower in Group A (2391.7 ± 318.5 versus 3119.6 ± 523.9, p = 0.001). Group A had significantly more low birth-weight newborns than Control A (50% versus 13.3%, p < 0.05 [0.024]). Group B (retained singleton) had similar pregnancy outcomes and neonatal conditions as Control B.

Conclusions

Retaining a singleton is always the best choice when deciding about using MFPR to improve pregnancy outcomes. For patients having a triplet pregnancy with monochorionic twins and strongly desiring to keep twins, MFPR in one monochorionic twin was feasible by aspirating embryonic parts early in gestation (6–8 weeks) with no drug injection. Pregnancy outcomes are similar with twin reduction in trichorionic triplet pregnancy.     

Pregnancy and birth outcomes of multiple gestations with PPROM occurred within 24 h after fetal reduction: A case series

ObjectiveThe study aims to analyze the pregnancy outcomes of multiple gestations with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) that occurred within 24 h after fetal reduction with potassium chloride (KCL).Materials and methodsWe identified and evaluated the outcomes of 16 retrospectively recorded multigestational pregnancies that met the inclusion criteria between 2006 and 2016, from the Obstetrics Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital. A total of 16 patients carrying twins or higher order multiple gestations experienced PPROM within 24 h after fetal reduction, and all of them received expectant management after understanding the relevant risks. The maternal and neonatal records were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Every surviving child was followed up to at least 2 years old.ResultOf the 16 cases, 12 cases (75%) ended in successful pregnancy, resulting in the delivery of at least 1 child surviving from a multiple gestational pregnancy. All cases of successful pregnancies were either term (≥37 weeks) or near-term (36⁺⁵ weeks) at delivery. And of those 20 infants delivered, only 3 were low birth weight infants (<2500g) (15%), None of the 16 women had fever, or other clinical symptoms and signs of chorioamnionitis during hospital stay. Postnatal follow-up of the surviving babies showed no obvious sequelae thus far. No newborn baby had neonatal complications, or needed to be transferred to neonatal intensive care unit.ConclusionOverall, our data demonstrate that dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins or higher-order gestations who experienced PPROM of the reduced fetus within 24 h after selective reduction with KCL had relatively good outcomes with expectant management alone.     

Pregnancy outcome after multifetal pregnancy reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) as a means to reduce the adverse outcome of multiple gestations. METHODS: This was a retrospective study evaluating the outcome of 334 multiple pregnancies after embryo reduction. RESULTS: In 313 multiple pregnancies in which MFPR was performed before 15 weeks, the rates of miscarriage, preterm delivery <33 weeks, preterm delivery <36 weeks and total fetal loss were 9.12%, 13.33%, 38.60% and 16.25%, respectively, and median gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks. There was a significant correlation between miscarriage and the finishing number of fetuses. In 185 triplets reduced to twins, miscarriage, preterm delivery <33 weeks, preterm delivery <36 weeks and total fetal loss occurred in 8.25%, 11.18%, 40.59% and 15.41% of cases, respectively, and median gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks. In the subgroup of 32 reduced triplet pregnancies that also had second-trimester amniocentesis, the risk of miscarriage (3.13%) was not significantly different from that in the rest of the group. Among 21 twin pregnancies that had selective termination at or after 15 weeks, the risk of preterm delivery <33 weeks was three times higher than in the group of 22 twin pregnancies with first-trimester procedures. CONCLUSION: MFPR resulted in at least one live neonate in 83.75% of cases and was effective in reducing the risks of pregnancy loss and severe prematurity in quadruplets and higher-order pregnancies. The risk of miscarriage increased with increasing finishing number of fetuses. In reduced triplets gestation was prolonged in comparison with average figures reported in the literature. In twin pregnancies selective termination in the first trimester carries a lower risk of severe preterm delivery and this emphasizes the need for first-trimester diagnosis.     

Multifetal pregnancy reduction in cases of threatened abortion of triplets.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the course of pregnancy and fetal outcome after first-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) in patients with triplet pregnancies and uterine bleeding. DESIGN: Case series of patients with threatened triplet pregnancies considered for MFPR. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva, Israel. PATIENT(S): Forty-two patients with triplet pregnancies and first-trimester uterine bleeding. INTERVENTION(S): At 10-15 weeks' gestation, MFPR with intracardiac injection of potassium chloride was performed. The procedures were performed 7-10 days after cessation of bleeding (9-13 weeks) or in the presence of minimal uterine bleeding (14-15 weeks). In patients with heavy uterine bleeding, MFPR was postponed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Early- and late-pregnancy complications related to the procedure, pregnancy outcome, and fetal survival. RESULT(S): Performance of MFPR at 14-15 weeks was associated with a higher abortion rate (38.5%), lower mean gestational age at delivery (30.6 weeks), and lower mean twin birth weight (1,376+/-218 g and 1,014+/-202 g) than was performance of MFPR at 10-13 weeks (18.8%, 33.2 weeks, and 1,720+/-245 g and 1,596+/-170 g, respectively). Abortion occurred in four of the five patients with moderate to heavy uterine bleeding who did not undergo MFPR; the fifth patient gave birth prematurely at 28 weeks, and two of the newborns died. CONCLUSION(S): Pregnancy outcome and fetal mortality and morbidity in triplet pregnancy after MFPR are directly correlated with duration and amount of first-trimester bleeding.     

Multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective termination: the Canadian experience

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of two Canadian referral centres with multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) and selective termination (ST). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all MFPR and ST procedures during the periods from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1997 (Vancouver), and from September 1, 1995, to December 31, 1997 (Toronto). Outstanding outcome data were obtained by telephone. All women were managed according to standard protocols. Non-parametric analysis of continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables were used. RESULTS: 61 women underwent transabdominal MFPR (n = 44) or ST (n = 17). Median maternal age: MFPR and ST 33.0 years; gestational age at reduction: MFPR 11.4, ST 20.2 weeks; procedure duration: MFPR 4, ST 10 min. 89% MFPR and 12% ST cases followed assisted reproduction. 7% MFPR and 18% ST pregnancies lost <24 weeks (n.s.). 97% MFPR and 83% ST non-reduced fetuses delivered alive. Median delivery gestational age: MFPR and ST 37 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The results are similar to published series. This procedure has increased options for Canadian couples, offering the procedure 'close to home', reducing costs and, more importantly, the significant psychological morbidity following these procedures.     

体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射双卵双胎减胎后妊娠结局的病例对照研究

目的探讨双卵双胎妊娠早期减胎为单胎的妊娠结局。方法 2008年1月—2014年12月期间体外受精及卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)后双胎妊娠早期(孕45~75 d)减胎为单胎者102例(A组),三胎妊娠早期减胎为双胎者73例(B组)以及双胎妊娠未减胎者4 638例(C组),比较其中晚期流产率、早产率等进一步的妊娠结局。结果 IVF/ICSI-ET后A组与B组和C组比较,早产率(10.8%,58.6%,42.1%)、低出生体质量儿率(6.8%,44.1%,30.3%)明显降低,孕周[(38.0±2.0)周,(35.7±2.3)周,(36.4±2.1)周]、出生体质量[(3.17±0.53)kg,(2.51±0.59)kg,(2.69±0.53)kg]明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),中晚期流产率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IVF/ICSI后的双卵双胎妊娠,于孕早期行减胎术安全,具有更好的妊娠结局。     

Pregnancy outcome after multifetal pregnancy reduction

Objective: To study the effects of multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) as a means to reduce the adverse outcome of multiple gestations.

Methods: This was a retrospective study evaluating the outcome of 334 multiple pregnancies after embryo reduction.

Results: In 313 multiple pregnancies in which MFPR was performed before 15 weeks, the rates of miscarriage, preterm delivery <?33 weeks, preterm delivery <?36 weeks and total fetal loss were 9.12%, 13.33%, 38.60% and 16.25%, respectively, and median gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks. There was a significant correlation between miscarriage and the finishing number of fetuses. In 185 triplets reduced to twins, miscarriage, preterm delivery <?33 weeks, preterm delivery <?36 weeks and total fetal loss occurred in 8.25%, 11.18%, 40.59% and 15.41% of cases, respectively, and median gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks. In the subgroup of 32 reduced triplet pregnancies that also had second-trimester amniocentesis, the risk of miscarriage (3.13%) was not significantly different from that in the rest of the group. Among 21 twin pregnancies that had selective termination at or after 15 weeks, the risk of preterm delivery <?33 weeks was three times higher than in the group of 22 twin pregnancies with first-trimester procedures.

Conclusion: MFPR resulted in at least one live neonate in 83.75% of cases and was effective in reducing the risks of pregnancy loss and severe prematurity in quadruplets and higher-order pregnancies. The risk of miscarriage increased with increasing finishing number of fetuses. In reduced triplets gestation was prolonged in comparison with average figures reported in the literature. In twin pregnancies selective termination in the first trimester carries a lower risk of severe preterm delivery and this emphasizes the need for first-trimester diagnosis.     

妊娠合并肺栓塞15例临床分析

目的分析妊娠合并肺栓塞临床特点及妊娠结局。 方法收集广州医科大学附属第三医院妇产科2010年3月至2014年1月收治的15例妊娠合并肺栓塞患者的临床资料,对其一般情况、临床症状、辅助检查、治疗措施及妊娠结局进行回顾性分析。 结果(1)发病时间：妊娠早期1例,妊娠中期6例,妊娠晚期2例,剖宫产术后产褥期6例。(2)终止妊娠方式：剖宫产8例,剖宫取胎术5例,利凡诺引产1例,自然流产1例。(3)结局：孕妇死亡4例,存活11例;健康足月儿6例,早产儿3例,死胎6例。 结论提高对妊娠合并肺栓塞疾病的认识,尽早确诊和治疗,改善其妊娠结局。