富血小板血浆在骨折不愈合中的应用

[目的]探讨富血小板血浆(PRP)治疗骨折不愈合患者的方法及疗效。[方法]2013年6月~2014年12月,共16例骨折不愈合患者接受富血小板血浆治疗。男9例,女7例,平均40.13岁,平均年龄病程14.75个月,胫骨骨折不愈合11例,其中1例内固定断裂;肱骨骨折不愈合2例,1例内固定断裂;股骨骨折不愈合2例;尺骨骨折不愈合1例。对所有患者采取富血小板血浆进行治疗,分析其治疗效果。[结果]16例患者均获得随访,平均随访10.38个月,无脱钉、内置物断裂,无并发症发生,按骨折愈合标准获得骨性愈合。[结论]富血小板血浆的使用有利于骨折的愈合。     

辅助钢板联合富血小板血浆及自体髂骨治疗股骨骨折髓内固定后骨不连

目的分析辅助钢板联合富血小板血浆及自体髂骨治疗股骨骨折髓内固定后骨不连的临床疗效。方法自2012年7月至2017年12月筛选入组了28例股骨骨折髓内固定术后骨不连患者,其中男20例,女8例;年龄29~57岁,平均为(46.1±7.5)岁。试验组15例采用辅助钢板联合富血小板血浆及自体髂骨治疗,男10例,女5例;年龄34~55岁,平均为(46.4±6.9)岁。对照组13例采用辅助钢板及自体髂骨治疗,男10例,女3例;年龄29~57岁,平均为(45.7±8.2)岁。术后随访观察骨折愈合情况。结果28例患者均获得完整随访,随访时间20~30个月,平均(26.0±2.3)个月。试验组末次随访时14例骨折愈合,1例未愈合,愈合率为93%,平均愈合时间(5.43±1.16)个月;对照组末次随访时10例愈合,3例未愈合,愈合率为77%,平均愈合时间(7.27±1.68)个月。结论辅助钢板联合富血小板血浆及自体髂骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内固定后骨不连,骨折愈合率高、愈合时间短、无并发症发生,疗效可靠。     

Masquelet技术联合富血小板血浆修复胫骨大段骨缺损

目的探讨Masquelet技术联合富血小板血浆(PRP)修复胫骨大段骨缺损的疗效。方法采用前瞻性随机对照单盲方法选取佛山市中医院修复重建外科2016年6月至2018年6月收治的21例胫骨大段骨缺损患者,骨缺损长度为6.0~22.5 cm(平均10.8 cm)。男14例,女7例;年龄29~60岁,平均42.1岁。采用随机数字表加密封信法,单数为试验组,双数为对照组:试验组11例,采用Masquelet技术联合PRP进行骨缺损重建;对照组10例,采用Masquelet技术进行骨缺损重建。比较两组患者第二阶段的手术时间、住院时间及伤口愈合情况以及第二阶段术后两组患者的负重时间、骨性愈合时间、临床愈合时间、并发症的发生情况及Johner-Wruhs评分。结果试验组与对照组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者术后获12~24个月(平均14.9个月)随访。两组患者第二阶段的手术时间、住院时间、伤口愈合情况、负重时间、Johner-Wruhs评分、并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组的骨性愈合时间、临床愈合时间分别为(4.5±1.2)、(4.1±0.9)个月,均短于对照组的(5.7±1.5)、(5.4±1.1)个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者未发现明显术后感染、内固定物松动、骨吸收、骨不连等并发症;对照组出现1例伤口感染患者,予换药后好转。结论Masquelet技术联合PRP可有效修复胫骨大段骨缺损,提高骨愈合速度,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

带蒂骨膜瓣植入联合PRP治疗腕舟骨骨不连伴骨坏死

目的分析应用自体骨与去白细胞富血小板血浆混合注入病灶联合带蒂骨膜瓣植入治疗腕舟骨骨不连伴骨坏死的临床疗效。方法2017年6月至2019年1月间我科应用自体骨与去白细胞富血小板血浆混合注入病灶联合带蒂骨膜瓣植入治疗腕舟骨骨不连伴骨坏死10例,男8例,女2例;年龄26~46岁,平均(32.7±3.7)岁;左侧3例,右侧7例;腰部骨不连7例,远极骨不连2例,近极骨不连1例;从腕部外伤至手术治疗时间3~14个月,平均(5.1±0.9)个月。术后对患者疗效进行随访观察,并采用Jiranek腕舟骨骨折疗效评价标准进行评定。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间11~24个月,平均(12.9±1.4)个月。所有患者切口均甲级愈合,术后2周如期拆线。骨折愈合时间12~22周,平均(13.1±1.2)周,患者临床症状完全或部分缓解。Jiranek评分为80~95分,平均(89.2±4.1)分。结论应用自体骨与去白细胞富血小板血浆混合注入病灶联合带蒂骨膜瓣植入治疗腕舟骨骨不连伴骨坏死临床效果满意,值得肯定并进一步推广。     

富血小板血浆对胫腓骨中下段骨折愈合及血清神经生长因子的影响

目的探讨富血小板血浆对胫腓骨中下段骨折愈合及患者血清神经生长因子的影响。方法纳入自2016-01—2018-06手术治疗的64例胫腓骨中下段骨折,随机分为2组(每组32例),观察组内固定后于骨折端注入自体富血小板血浆,对照组未采用富血小板血浆治疗。比较2组骨折骨性愈合时间及术后1 d、术后1周、术后1个月血清神经生长因子水平。结果 64例均获得随访,随访时间6~12个月。观察组未出现并发症。观察组骨折骨性愈合时间为7~12(8.8±1.6)周,对照组为7~39(12.5±7.4)周;观察组骨折骨性愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1 d、术后1周的血清神经生长因子水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后1个月血清神经生长因子水平略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胫腓骨中下段骨折内固定后骨折端局部应用富血小板血浆可提高患者血清神经生长因子水平,神经生长因子可协同富血小板血浆共同发挥促成骨作用,缩短骨折愈合时间。     

开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植

[目的]探讨开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]对15例开放性胫骨骨缺损患者采用富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植治疗。一期急症行清创手术,取出较大的游离骨块,用外固定架固定胫骨骨折,骨缺损处用抗生素骨水泥填充,将取出的游离骨块寄养于同侧大腿中段股直肌与股外侧肌之间,术后抗感染对症治疗。创面愈合且无明显感染迹象后行二期手术,去除外固定架,改用钢板固定骨折,将寄养骨块取出后用咬骨钳咬碎成微粒状后与富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma, PRP）混合回植于骨缺损处。[结果] 15例患者均获得随访。随访时间12～24个月,术后无感染病例,骨折均顺利骨性愈合,愈合时间10～15个月。[结论]开放性胫骨缺损富血小板血浆复合游离骨块回植,具有操作简单,疗效可靠等优点,是治疗开放性骨缺损的一种简便有效方法。     

脱蛋白异种骨复合富血小板血浆修复股骨干骨缺损

目的将富血小板血浆与异种脱蛋白骨结合,观察其修复股骨干骨缺损的疗效。方法2次离心取得患者自体富血小板血浆,术前将其与异种脱蛋白松质骨混合,植于股骨干骨折骨缺损处。对照组仅用异种脱蛋白松质骨植骨。术后7d和1、2、3、6、12个月定期摄X线片检查,参照Lane—Sandhu的X线评分标准评分,并比较两组骨痂灰度,比较两组愈合情况及愈合速度。结果两组Lane-Sandhu的X线评分在术后1、2、3、6个月时,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;而在术后12个月,两组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。骨痂灰度术后1、2、3、6个月时两组差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论富血小板血浆复合异种脱蛋白松质骨可促进和加速骨缺损的修复。     

自体富血小板血浆结合自体骨移植治疗四肢骨干粉碎性骨折

目的观察自体富血小板血浆（PRP）结合自体骨移植治疗四肢骨干粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法采用前瞻性临床研究。术前1 h先抽取患者200 ml的自体血液于标准献血袋中,2 500转/min离心2次取得患者自体PRP 6~8 ml,术中将其与自体髂骨松质骨混合,植于粉碎性骨折骨缺损处。术后1、3、6、12个月定期摄X线片检查,记录骨折愈合情况、愈合速度,以及功能恢复情况。结果本组手术时间平均（99.05±14.65）min,术中出血量平均（517.50±71.42）ml,骨折平均愈合时间（12.40±0.88）周。未见自体输血并发症。未发生钢板断裂、骨不连、骨折延迟愈合。结论自体PRP结合自体骨移植治疗四肢骨干粉碎性骨折,可促进和加速骨折愈合。     

自体富血小板血浆-脂肪颗粒填充矫治唇部软组织缺损畸形的临床观察

目的 观察自体富血小板血浆-脂肪颗粒填充唇部软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 经自体血液提取富血小板血浆,再应用脂肪抽取技术获得脂肪颗粒,并将自体富血小板血浆复合脂肪颗粒填充修复患者的唇部软组织缺损.结果 本组共12例患者,其唇部缺损填充后,外观自然,未见明显的脂肪吸收;获随访6～12个月,治疗效果稳定,医患双方均满意.结论 采用自体富血小板血浆-脂肪颗粒填充唇部软组织缺损畸形,能够提高移植脂肪的成活率,减少脂肪颗粒的吸收,且外观效果确切.     

骨软骨移植联合富血小板血浆治疗距骨软骨缺损

[目的]介绍骨软骨移植联合富血小板血浆治疗距骨软骨缺损的手术技术及初步结果。[方法]对8例距骨软骨缺损行自体骨软骨移植联合富血小板血浆治疗。术前制定植骨方案。踝关节前侧入路暴露胫骨及距骨磨损的软骨面并预制植骨圆形凹槽，于股骨外侧髁非负重软骨面取大小与预制植骨凹槽相同的柱状软骨，挤压置入预制凹槽内部，同时注入富血小板血浆。[结果] 8例患者均顺利完成手术，无严重并发症，术后平均随访时间为（24.5±4.4）个月，与术前相比，末次随访时踝关节VAS评分显著降低[(7.3±1.0),(1.0±0.3), P<0.05],AOFAS踝与后足评分显著增加[(43.3±4.4),(87.6±5.7), P<0.05]。术后24个月踝关节的生存率达到100%。[结论]骨软骨移植联合富血小板血浆治疗距骨软骨缺损技术可行，近期临床疗效良好。     

Results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for infected tibial nonunion

Introduction Bone grafting plays a critical role in promoting bone healing in infected nonunion, although recurrent infection is of concern. Cancellous bone grafting as an antibiotic delivery system has been reported as an effective method to combat infections. In this study, we report the clinical results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.Materials and methods Between January 1996 and March 2001, 18 patients with infected tibial nonunion treated with vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were available for follow-up. According to the Cierny-Mader classification, all patients belonged to type IVA and IVB osteomyelitis. Adequate debridement, stabilization with external fixation, and staged vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were used in all patients. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted.Results Infection control was obtained in all 18 patients with a 100% infection arrest rate. Bone union was achieved in 13 of 18 patients at an average of 5.8 months. Bone union was obtained subsequently in the remaining five patients after closed nailing in four, and plating and bone grafting in one patient. Radiographs showed good consolidation and hypertrophy of grafted bone at an average follow-up of 48 months.Conclusion We conclude that vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting is a safe method for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.     

Osteoperiosteal Decortication and Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft Combined with Bridge Plating for Non-hypertrophic Diaphyseal Nonunion

BackgroudThe aim of this study was to evaluate results of osteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft combined with a bridge plating technique in atrophic and oligotrophic femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunion.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 31 patients with atrophic or oligotrophic femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunion treated with osteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft between January 2008 and December 2018. Patients with hypertrophic nonunion, infected nonunion, and nonunion treated with autogenous cancellous bone graft alone were excluded. The nonunion site was exposed by using the Judet technique of osteoperiosteal decortication. Nonunion with a lack of stability was stabilized with a new plate using a bridge plating technique or augmented by supplemental fixation with a plate. Nonunion with malalignment was stabilized with a new plate after deformity correction. Autogenous cancellous bone graft was harvested from the posterior iliac crest and placed within the area of decortication. A basic demographic survey was conducted, and the type of existing implants, mechanical stability of the implants, the type of implants used for stabilization, the operation time, the time to bone union, and postoperative complications were investigated.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 33.3 months (range, 8–108 months). The operation time was 207 minutes (range, 100–351 minutes). All but 1 nonunion (96.7%) were healed at an average of 4.2 months (range, 3–8 months). In 1 patient, bone union failed due to implant loosening with absorbed bone graft, and solid union was achieved by an additional surgery for stable fixation with a new plate, osteoperiosteal decortication, and autogenous cancellous bone graft. There were no other major complications such as neurovascular injuries, infection, loss of fixation, and malunion.ConclusionsOsteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft combined with stable fixation by bridge plating showed reliable outcomes in atrophic and oligotrophic diaphyseal nonunion. This treatment modality can be effective for treating atrophic and oligotrophic diaphyseal nonunion because it is very helpful stimulating bone union.     

Infected nonunion of the femur and tibia

The data presented in this article support the view that first saucerizing the infected bone and then grafting give good results. Immediate bone grafting, that is, bone grafting within a few days or weeks of saucerization, will fail when insufficient care has been employed in preparing the area for bone grafting. Using finely divided cancellous bone combined with a suitable fixator is important. Treatment of a nonunion can be successful without bone grafting if, after complete saucerization, stability is achieved by a brace, cast, or external fixator. Failure in all categories of patients is, in the main, due to failure to control the infection or inadequate stabilization. Posterolateral bone grafting may be an excellent alternative and was used in 20 per cent of the patients with tibial nonunion and a substantial loss of tibial shaft.     

Early complications after high tibial osteotomy: a comparison of two techniques

This prospective cohort study compared opening wedge high tibial osteotomy with use of the Puddu plate and the Vitoss synthetic cancellous bone versus closing wedge high tibial osteotomy with use of the AO/ASIF L-plate, focusing on complications (nonunions, infections, loss of correction, reoperations) and patient satisfaction (visual linear analog scale). During a 10-month period, we performed high tibial osteotomy for 40 patients experiencing medial knee osteoarthritis and a varus deformity. The average follow-up was 11 months. The complication rate in patients treated with the opening wedge technique was significantly higher regarding tibial nonunion, loss of correction, and material failure. Patients in the closing wedge group were more satisfied with the postoperative result. This study found that the Puddu plate, despite 6 weeks of non-weight bearing facilitating the osseous consolidation with Vitoss cement, was not able to maintain the correction during the time required for bone healing.     

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis complicating nonunion and segmental defects of the tibia with open cancellous bone graft, posterolateral bone graft, and soft-tissue transfer

Forty-two consecutive patients with chronic osteomyelitis complicating persistent tibial nonunion and chronic osteomyelitis complicating tibial fracture with segmental bone loss were treated from January 1979 through December 1986 using a protocol including either open cancellous bone grafting (Friedlaender-Papineau technique), posterolateral bone grafting (Harmon technique), or local or microvascular soft-tissue transfer before cancellous bone grafting. Each patient had undergone surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotic therapy before inclusion in this study. Patients were classified using a staging system which included consideration of anatomic location of the infection within the bone; extent of bone involvement; quality of soft-tissue envelope and vascular integrity; and generalized host status. The overall success rate for arresting the osteomyelitis and healing the nonunion was 62% (26/42). If the six patients who refused additional bone graft surgery, the one patient who represented poor patient selection, and the patient who refused ankle arthrodesis are eliminated, the success rate for healing of the nonunion and resolving the osteomyelitis in this difficult patient population is: open bone cell graft, 66% (12/18); soft-tissue transfer 87.5%, (7/8); and posterolateral bone grafting, 87.5% (7/8). Use of a standardized classification system allows comparison of treatment results. Adequate debridement is crucial in treating osteomyelitis complicating established long bone fractures and nonunions. Determining the extent of debridement has proven to be the single most difficult aspect technically. Patient selection and pretreatment education are crucial. Caring for these patients is not only labor intensive and demanding of personnel and hospital resources, but demanding of the patients as well.     

Treatment of tibial defect and bone nonunion with limb shortening with external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft

Objective: To explore the effect of external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX) in the treatment of tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening. Methods : Twenty patients ( 13 males and 7 females)with tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion or congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening were treated with external fixation, Two kinds of external fixators were used: a half ring sulcated external fixator used in 13 patients and a combined external fixator in 7 patients.Foot-drop was corrected at the same time with external fixation in 4 patients. The shortened length of the tibia was in the range of 2-9 cm, with an average of 4.8 cm. For bone grafting, RBX was used in 12 patients, autogenous ilium was used in 3 patients and autogenous fibula was implanted as a bone plug into the medullary canal in 1 case,and no bone graft was used in 4 patients. Results: All the 20 patients were followed-up for 8 months to 7 years, averaging 51 months. Satisfactory function of the affected extremities was obtained. All the shortened extremities were lengthened to the expected length. For all the lengthening area and the fracture sites,bone union was obtained at the last. The average healing time of 12 patients treated with RBX was 4.8 months. Conclusions: Both the half ring sulcated external fixator and the combined external fixator have the advantages of small trauma, simple operation, elastic fixation without stress shielding and non-limitation from local soft tissue conditions, and there is satisfactory functional recovery of affected extremities in the treatment of tibial bone defects, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia combined with limb shortening.RBX has good biocompatibility and does not cause immunological rejections. It can also be safely used in treatment of bone nonunion and has reliable effect to promote bone healing.     

松质骨移植血管束植入治疗四肢骨不愈合的实验和临床研究

研究血管束植入移植松质骨治疗四肢骨不愈合的疗效。人工造成兔桡骨骨缺损后 ,分别用松质骨移植血管束植人及单纯松质骨移植进行修复 ,术后 4、 8、 1 6周进行大体标本。X线、光镜和电镜观察 ,并应用前种方法治疗四肢骨不连患者 1 8例。结果显示血管束植入移植松质骨较单纯血管束植入法和单纯松质骨移植治疗骨缺损效果好 ,应用这种方法治疗的 1 8例骨不连患者均取得了满意的疗效。认为血管束植入移植松质骨是一种治疗四肢骨不愈合的简便、有效的方法     

Clinical outcomes of autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained through the portal for tibial nailing

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to introduce and review the clinical outcomes of a new technique for harvesting autogenous cancellous bone grafts in association with tibial intramedullary (IM) nailing.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who received autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained from the entry portal of a tibial IM nail for fracture gaps, malalignment or nonunion in the lower extremities. All patients were scheduled to receive IM nailing or had already received IM nailing for the fixation of an ipsilateral tibia shaft fracture. A total of 33 patients who received only tibial IM nailing were selected as a control group. Through the follow-up, postoperative complications related to the bone harvest were monitored. Further by taking serial X-rays, radiographic changes of the donor site and the knee joint were closely observed. Knee pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)) and function (Lysholm knee score) were compared between the study group and the control group.ResultsAt the last follow-up, the average VAS in the study group was 1.28 (0–5), which was not significantly different from the control group (VAS: 1.36, range 0–7) (P = 0.985). The range of motion of the knee joint was similar in both groups, averaging 130.23° (range: 115–135°) and 131.36° (range: 115–135°), respectively. There was no significant difference in the Lysholm knee score between the study and control groups (P = 0.610). All patients exhibited complete fracture healing at an average of 6 months and no complications associated with the bone donor site were observed.ConclusionsBy using the new technique, autogenous cancellous bone grafting can be performed conveniently and safely to treat fracture gaps, malalignment or nonunion in the lower extremities without additional morbidity at the donor site.     

Intercalary tibial allografts following tumor resection: the role of fibular centralization

Options to reconstruct intercalary tibial defects include allografts, vascularized bone transfers, autogenous cortical grafts, endoprostheses, and Ilizarov bone transport. Five patients underwent intercalary bulk allograft reconstruction following en bloc resection of tibial sarcomas. Two patients underwent immediate fibular centralization and iliac crest bone grafting in addition to the allograft. Two patients who underwent fibular centralization during primary reconstruction united uneventfully. The remaining three patients developed nonunion, of which one was successfully salvaged by fibular centralization. A combined allograft transplant and fibular centralization with iliac crest bone grafting is an effective procedure to reconstruct the tibial diaphysis, as well as a salvage procedure for allograft nonunion.     

Posttraumatic tibial osteomyelitis: a comparison of three treatment approaches.

The treatment of 25 tibias in 25 patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis was reviewed. The approaches to soft tissue management fell into three groups: 1) muscle flap coverage; 2) primary closure with suction irrigation; and 3) open cancellous bone grafting. Treatment success was judged by the presence or absence of drainage and the local signs or symptoms of infection, and by the status of the tibial nonunion. Overall, 19 of 25 tibias (76%) had successful treatment. We found flap coverage to have a higher success rate (80%) than either primary closure with suction irrigation (45.5%) or open cancellous bone grafting (40%). These results further attest to the refractory nature of chronic osteomyelitis.