肠易激综合征与炎症性肠病

近年发现,炎症性肠病(IBD)患者发病早期或缓解期时常表现为肠易激综合征(IBs)症状,且IBD与IBS的临床表现具有一定的相似性。因而IBS与IBD的相关性受到广泛的重视。此文就IBS与IBD的发病机制及临床相关性予以阐述,以期为临床个体化治疗提供借鉴。     

营养与炎症性肠病

营养和炎症性肠病的发病机制及治疗有密切的关系,深入研究两者的关系对临床有重要的意义。此文对饮食中的营养成分是否和发病有关、如何营养支持等问题作一简要概述。     

当前炎症性肠病诊治中需注意的若干问题

我国炎症性肠病患者逐年增多,但目前临床对其认识或重视仍显不足,亟待规范化地开展诊疗。根据同济大学附属同济医院消化科临床实践体会和文献报道,对当前炎症性肠病诊治中需注意的诊断、鉴别诊断、规范化个体化治疗的若干问题进行了分析,以期引起消化专科医师的重视。     

Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To determine the prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HBV screening and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. A retrospective chart review was performed in 500 patients who have been consecutively treated for IBD between September 2008 and January 2013 at the Rush University Medical Center Gastroenterology section. The patients were identified through the electronic medical record with the criteria that they attended the gastroenterology clinic, and that they had a diagnosis of IBD at the time of visit discharge. Once identified, each record was analyzed to determine whether the subject had been infected with HBV in the past, already been vaccinated against HBV, or advised to get vaccinated and followed through with the recommended vaccination.RESULTS: About 254 out of 500 patients (51%) had HBV screening ordered. Among those ordered to have screening tests, 86% followed through with HBV serology. Gastroenterology physicians had significantly different screening ratios from each other (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the ratios of HBV screening when IBD specialists were compared to other gastroenterology physicians (0.505 ± 0.023 vs 0.536 ± 0.066, P = 0.66). Of those 220 patients screened, 51% of IBD patients were found not to be immune against HBV. Approximately 50% of gastroenterology physicians recommended HBV vaccinations to their patients in whom serology was negative for antibodies against HBV. IBD specialists recommended vaccinations to a higher percentage of their patients compared to other gastroenterology physicians (0.168 ± 0.019 vs 0.038 ± 0.026, P = 0.015). Present and/or past HBV infection was found in 3.6% of the patients who had serology checked. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) between our study and that reported in previous studies done in Spain (4/220 vs 14/2076 respectively, P = 0.070); and in France (4/220 vs 3/315 respectively, P = 0.159). But, the prevalence of anti-HBcAb in this study was less than that reported in the study in Spain (7/220 vs 155/2076 respectively, P = 0.006); and was not significantly different from that reported in the study in France (7/220 vs 8/315 respectively, P = 0.313).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HBsAg in our IBD patients was not higher than previously reported European studies. Most IBD patients are not routinely screened or vaccinated against HBV at a tertiary referral center in the United States.     

Comorbidity in inflammatory bowel disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be affected by other unrelated diseases. These are called comorbid conditions, and can include any secondary health problem that affects a person suffering from a primary or main disease, and which is neither linked physiopathologically to the primary condition, nor is it due to the treatments used for the primary condition or to its long-term anatomical or physiological consequences. Different comorbid conditions, as well as their influence on IBD, are dis...     

肠道蠕虫与炎症性肠病的治疗

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种病因不明,反复发作性的肠道特异性疾病。随着遗传因素、环境因素与免疫反应异常等发病机制方面研究的不断进展,IBD的治疗发生了重大的变化,其中直接改善肠道微环境逐渐受到重视。在动物模型和人体寄生虫感染研究中,有丰富的资料支持寄生虫感染有免疫调节作用,近来这个概念已经用来治疗IBD,不断有肠道蠕虫治疗IBD的报道。现就肠道蠕虫治疗IBD的研究作一综述。     

炎症性肠病858例临床分析

目的总结分析炎症性肠病（IBD）的临床特点,探讨诊治策略。方法对1998年1月至2009年7月354例炎症性肠病住院患者和2003年1月至2009年7月504例炎症性肠病门诊患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组资料显示我院近12年来IBD发病呈逐年上升趋势,溃疡性结肠炎（UC）明显多于克罗恩病（CD）。本组IBD患者中男女之比为1.28∶1。IBD平均发病年龄（41.07±16.07）岁。UC发病高峰年龄为30～49岁,CD发病高峰年龄为20～39岁。本组住院患者中UC和CD两组民族构成比较无统计学差异。肠镜检查中UC以直肠和乙状结肠病变为主,CD以回盲部及回肠末端病变为主。本组患者IBD病理组织学检出率为41.5%,UC误诊率为17.0%,CD误诊率为25.0%。治疗以氨基水杨酸类及类固醇激素为主。结论炎症性肠发病数呈逐年上升趋势;IBD诊断主要依靠内镜及病理。IBD呈慢性复发性发作过程,应长期维持治疗。     

炎症性肠病的肠外表现与治疗

炎症性肠病(IBD)病变主要累及肠道,但亦常合并各种肠外表现。许多肠外表现可作为IBD的首发症状出现,有些甚至危及生命。目前关于IBD肠外表现的报道较多,但大样本的流行病学调查不多,而其特有的治疗更少。     

Obesity and novel management of inflammatory bowel disease

Obesity is prevalent within the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) population,particularly in newly developed countries.Several epidemiological studies have suggested that 15%-40% of IBD patients are obese,and there is a potential role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD.The dysfunction of mesenteric fat worsens the inflammatory course of Crohn’s disease and may induce formation of strictures or fistulas.Furthermore,obesity may affect the disease course or treatment response of IBD.Given the incr...     

Idiopathic acute pancreatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter cohort study

BackgroundIdiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not well characterized. Our purpose was to better understand this condition and its natural history.MethodsRetrospective cohort study conducted at nine Spanish IBD referral centers. Patients with IBD and a first episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) between 1998 and 2018 were included. Patients with a previous episode of AP or a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis were excluded. IAP and non-IAP were compared by multivariate logistic regression and survival analysis.ResultsWe identified 185 patients with IBD (68.7% Crohn’s disease) and a first episode of AP. Thirty-eight of those 185 (20.6%) fulfilled criteria for IAP. There were no severe cases of IAP. On multivariate analysis, AP before IBD diagnosis (21.1% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.04) and ulcerative colitis (52.6% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.002) were significantly more common in IAP. Further work-up was performed in 16/38 (42%) IAP patients, and a cause was identified in 6/16 (37.5%). Median time from AP to the end of follow-up was 6.3 years (3.1–10). Five-year risk of AP recurrence was significantly higher in IAP group (28% vs. 5.1%, log-rank p = 0.001), with a median time to first recurrence of 4.4 months (2.9–12.2).ConclusionsIAP represents the second cause of AP in patients with IBD. It is more frequent in ulcerative colitis, and presents a high risk of recurrence. Additional imaging work-up after a first episode of IAP in IBD patients is highly advisable, as it identifies a cause in more than one-third of cases.     

炎症性肠病相关性肝病的研究进展

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种累及回肠、结肠、直肠的特发性炎症性疾病,本病主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)。除常见的消化道症状外,研究发现IBD合并肝脏疾病较为常见,是IBD常见的肠外表现之一,其严重影响IBD的预后与转归。本文就IBD相关性肝病的分类和总结作一概述,以期为IBD及其肝脏病变的临床诊疗提供参考。     

Pneumococcal and influenza vaccine uptake in adults with inflammatory bowel disease in France: Results from a web-based study

BackgroundDespite specific immunization guidelines for immunocompromised patients, there is a dearth of studies on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population in France.AimsTo estimate the prevalence and predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in a sample of French IBD adults.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was submitted to members of several French immunocompromised patients’ associations during the winter 2016.ResultsOverall, there were 199/1625 (12%) participants with an IBD. Among these, 32% were <30 years old, 85% were male, and 62% were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Self-reported influenza vaccine uptake was 34% (95% CI [28–41]) and 38% (95% CI [31–44]) for pneumococcal vaccines. Healthcare provider’s (HCP) recommendation for vaccination (adjusted OR 12.7 95% CI [5.6–28.8]), immunosuppressive therapy (aOR 2.3 [1.1–5.3]), better knowledge of vaccination (aOR 3.2 [1.1–9.2]) and favorable attitudes towards vaccination (aOR 3.4 [1.2–9.5]) were positively associated with influenza vaccine uptake. Vaccine recommendation by HCPs was the only independently associated factor with pneumococcal vaccines uptake (OR 187.7 [24.8–1422.5]).ConclusionImmunization rates in our sample do not reach recommended levels. Factors associated with vaccination included high knowledge, favorable attitudes towards vaccination and recommendation for vaccination. This underlines the role of health care providers in contact with IBD patients.     

Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can be really considered to be systemic diseases since they are often associated with extraintestinal manifestations, complications, and other autoimmune disorders. Indeed, physicians who care for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the two major forms of IBD, face a new clinical challenge every day, worsened by the very frequent rate of extraintestinal complications. The goal of this review is to provide an overview and an update on the extraintestinal complications occurring in IBD. Indeed, this paper highlights how virtually almost every organ system can be involved, principally eyes, skin, joints, kidneys, liver and biliary tracts, and vasculature (or vascular system) are the most common sites of systemic IBD and their involvement is dependent on different mechanisms.     

Non-adherence to treatment in inflammatory bowel disease in Czech Republic

Objective:To assess overall non-adherence to the treatment among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Patients and methods:396 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were enrolled in the study (200 males, 196 females, 210 CD, 186 UC) and fulfilled the questionnaire to assess their non-adherent behaviour during the treatment. The data was analysed using factor analysis.Results:Overall intentional non-adherence was reported by 32% of patients. A 12% of patients reported they at least once discontinued the treatment. Voluntary dose reducing was reported by 19% of patients. An 11% of patients occasionally non-refill the medication in time. There were no differences in intentional adherence between males and females, disease type, previous bowel surgery, marital, smoking and non-smoking statuses. A 42% of patients reported unintentional non-adherence. Factor analysis proved non-adherent patients are more likely to have a higher activity of the disease ( τ = 0.109, p = 0.008).Conclusions:The overall intentional non-adherence is relatively high among IBD patients and a gastroenterologist's attention should be focused on it. Our results stimulate discussion how to improve education of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease and accent importance of the maintenance therapy to them.     

Influence of nutritional status in the postoperative period of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis. Surgery is a treatment option, and more than half of the patients with CD will undergo surgical interventions over the course of the disease. Postoperative complications are common in IBD patients, the most frequent being intraabdominal sepsis, infection of the surgical site, and adynamic ileum, and nutritional status is a factor that can influence postoperative outcome. Recent studies have shown that malnutrition, obesity, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis are predictors of surgical complications. However, most were retrospective studies with small patient samples and heterogeneity of clinical and nutritional assessment methods, which limit the extrapolation of data. Therefore, knowing the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBD and identifying the best parameters for assessing nutritional status are essential for prompt implementation of adequate nutritional interventions.     

Serum beta 2-microglobulin as a biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic utility of beta 2 microglobulin (B2-M) levels and analyze this correlation with the activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: Overall, 78 IBD patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We examined B2-M serum levels in 43 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 35 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 30 control subjects, using an enzymatic method. Patients were divided into two groups according to two disease types: active and in remission. Subjects were also divided into two subgroups according to extent of the disease: left-side and pancolitis for UC and ileitis and ileocolitis for CD. All groups were compared for mean serum B2-M levels and also examined to see whether there was a correlation between serum B2-M levels and other inflammatory markers.RESULTS: The mean serum B2-M levels in the control group, UC and CD were 1.71, 2.41 and 2.24 respectively. B2-M values ≥ 1.96 mg/L had a 62% sensitivity, 76% specificity, a 79% positive predictive value, and a 58% negative predictive value for UC patients. B2-M values ≥ 1.70 mg/L had 80% sensitivity, 53% specificity, 66% positive predictive value, and 69% negative predictive value for CD patients. Mean B2-M values were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients than in healthy controls (UC 2.41 ± 0.87 vs 1.71 ± 0.44, P = 0.002; CD 2.24 ± 1.01 vs 1.71 ± 0.44, P = 0.033). Also, mean B2-M values were significantly higher in active disease when compared to patients in remission (UC 2.66 ± 0.92 vs 1.88 ± 0.41, P = 0.004; CD 2.50 ± 1.15 vs 1.73 ± 0.31, P = 0.033). The difference between groups (UC and CD) in terms of serum B2-M levels was statistically insignificant (2.41 ± 0.87 vs 2.24 ± 1.01, P > 0.05 respectively).CONCLUSION: Serum B2-M levels may be used as an activity parameter in IBD.     

Updated bone mineral density status in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Little is known about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) burden and its impact on bone mineral density(BMD) among adult patients in Saudi Arabia. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the only study to give an update about this health problem in adult Saudi patients with IBD. IBD is a great risk factor for reduced BMD due to its associated chronic inflammation, malabsorption, weight loss and medication side effects. Consequently, screening for reduced BMD among patients with IBD is of utmost importance to curb and control anticipated morbidity and mortality among those patients.AIM To assess the relationship between IBD and BMD in a sample of adult Saudi patients with IBD.METHODS Ninety adult patients with IBD-62 Crohn's disease(CD) and 28 ulcerative colitis(UC)-were recruited from King Fahad Specialist Hospital gastroenterology clinics in Buraidah, Al-Qassim. All enrolled patients were interviewed for their demographic information and for IBD-and BMD-related clinical data. All patients had the necessary laboratory markers and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to evaluate their BMD status. Patients were divided into two groups(CD and UC) to explore their clinical characteristics and possible risk factors for reduced BMD.RESULTS The CD group was significantly more prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis compared to the UC group; 44% of the CD patients had normal BMD, 19% had osteopenia, and 37% had osteoporosis, while 78% of the UC patients had normal BMD, 7% had osteopenia, and 25% had osteoporosis(P value 0.05). In the CD group, the lowest t-score showed a statistically significant correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.45, P 0.001), lumbar z-score(r = 0.77, P 0.05) and femur z-score(r = 0.85, P 0.05). In the UC group, the lowest t-score showed only statistically significant correlation with the lumbar z-score(r = 0.82, P 0.05) and femur z-score(r = 0.80, P 0.05). The ROC-curve showed that low BMI could predict the lowest t-score in the CD group with the best cut-off value at ≤ 23.43(m/kg2); area under the curve was 0.73(95%CI: 0.59–0.84), with a sensitivity of 77%, and a specificity of 63%.CONCLUSION Saudi patients with IBD still have an increased risk of reduced BMD, more in CD patients. Low BMI is a significant risk factor for reduced BMD in CD patients.     

肠黏膜屏障与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病（Innammatory bowel disease，IBD）是一组病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病，主要包含两个独立的疾病，溃疡性结肠炎（Ulcerative colitis，UC）和克罗恩病（Crohn’s disease，CD）。近年研究发现，肠黏膜屏障功能异常在IBD发病机制中发挥重要作用。更好地了解正常及疾病状态下肠黏膜屏障的结构和功能可以为IBD的治疗提供新的思路。     

炎症性肠病药物联合治疗的获益与风险

目前炎症性肠病(IBD)的发病机制未完全明确,虽有越来越多的生物制剂问世,但其治疗仍存在难点,有时无法得到令人满意的疗效。在临床实践中,当常规治疗收效不佳时,将几种药物联合应用治疗IBD不失为一种重要的治疗策略,但药物联合治疗提高疗效的同时可能会增加感染及肿瘤等风险。因此应用联合治疗时需结合患者的疾病类型、病情程度、病变范围、高危因素、既往用药情况,对治疗方案进行技巧性地选择和甄别必不可少。     

Updates in therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease

Biologics and immunomodulators (IMM) are generally considered the most effective therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, despite the efficacy of these therapies, many patients either have a primary lack of response or a secondary loss of response to these medications. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a systematic approach to managing such patients. In this review, we summarize the latest data on TDM, including reactive and proactive TDM, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on biologics and/or IMM.