The value of colonoscopy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic intussusception in childhood

Ultrasonography and colonoscopy were diagnostic for chronic intussusception in a 6-year-old girl. After an episode of acute gastroenteritis the child developed non-specific recurrent abdominal symptoms, which were considered to be functional. While the ultrasonographic pattern alone was too unspecific to establish the correct diagnosis, the colonoscopic findings were diagnostic of intussusception. This case report demonstrates that ultrasonography and colonoscopy are complementary, radiation-independent but reliable diagnostic procedures for detecting organic bowel disorders in children presenting with recurrent abdominal symptoms.     

mNGS技术在儿童重症肺炎病原学诊断中的价值

目的探讨宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)技术在儿童重症肺炎病原学诊断中的价值。方法选取2017年12月至2020年6月武汉儿童医院收治住院治疗的219例社区获得性重症肺炎患儿临床资料,比较肺泡灌洗液mNGS检测与传统实验室病原检测对诊断儿童重症肺炎的诊断价值。结果 219例送检标本中mNGS共检出阳性病例190例(86.76%);而传统实验室病原共检出阳性病例173例(78.99%),两种检测方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。mNGS和传统实验室病原病原总检出率在各年龄段之间比较,差异有统计学意义(Χ²=76.488 7,P<0.05)。mNGS与传统实验室病原学检测均阳性患者163例,mNGS与传统实验室病原学检测均阴性患者22例,mNGS阳性而传统实验室病原学检测阴性患者27例,mNGS阴性而传统实验室病原学检测阳性患者7例。mNGS和传统实验室病原诊断儿童重症肺炎病原学灵敏度、特异度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论二代测序技术较传统实验室病原检测可快速检测重症肺炎患儿病原学诊断,指导临床早期合理用药。     

重症肝硬化诊断中应用血浆凝血因子和血小板各项参数检测的价值

目的探讨重症肝硬化诊断中应用血浆凝血因子和血小板各项参数检测的价值。方法选取2018年9月至2019年2月该院收治的重症肝硬化患者38例作为研究组,另选取同期该院体检的健康者38例作为对照组。分别对两组研究对象血浆凝血因子及血小板各项参数水平进行检测及比较。结果研究组血浆血小板计数、血小板压积水平明显低于对照组,血浆血小板平均分布宽度、平均血小板体积水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=22.217、17.019、-16.855、33.226,P<0.05);研究组活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间均明显长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-30.381、-16.888、-11.697,P<0.05);研究组血浆纤维蛋白原及凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ水平均明显低于对照组,而凝血因子Ⅷ高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=37.529、28.396、25.136、24.927、19.633、19.567、-21.131,P<0.05)。结论血浆凝血因子和血小板各项参数水平在重症肝硬化患者中变化明显,可作为重要检测指标用于重症肝病的辅助诊断中,及早发现患者凝血机制障碍,并有效评估患者肝脏受损程度,具有较高的临床诊断及指导治疗价值。     

纤维结肠镜检查在老年患者中的应用价值

方法 我院外科肠镜室从1996年1月～1998年12月应用日产OLympas CF-301型纤维结肠镜共检查1559例患者,其中≥60岁343例(占22％),20—59岁1158例(占74％)。<20岁58例(占4％)。结果 ≥60岁组患者中,检查阳性率为44％(152例),其中恶性病变患者76例(占50％),良性病变76例(占50％),而在20—59岁患者中,检查阳性率仅为287例(占24.7％)其中恶性病患者仅56例(占19.5％),而良性病230例(占80.5％),二组在检出阳性率及恶性病率之间均存在显著差别。结论 有症状的老年患者行纤维结肠镜检查中,其检查阳性率及恶性病率均较对照组为高,从而说明有症状的老年患者行纤维结肠镜检查的重要性、必要性;为进一步及时治疗提供了有力的依据。     

CD62P和TpP对严重脓毒症高凝状态的早期诊断价值

目的 探讨血小板颗粒膜糖蛋白140(CD62P)和血栓前体蛋白(TpP)对严重脓毒症高凝状态的早期诊断价值.方法 选取2007年4月～2008年3月本院急诊监护病房(EICU)收治的严重脓毒症的患者入选严重脓毒症组(Ⅲ组),存在感染但未发生脓毒症同期患者设为一般感染组(Ⅱ组).同期门诊体检者或健康自愿者设为正常对照组(Ⅰ组).病例的选取均遵循随机的原则,3组的年龄、性别具有可比性;3组均在人院第1天清晨空腹取外周静脉血测定CD62P、TpP、PT、APTT、Fib、TT、D-D聚体.结果 入院第1天,PT、TT在3组中的表达均无显著意义,APTT在严重脓毒症组和一般感染组间的差异无统计学意义,Fib、D-D、CD62P和TpP在严重脓毒症组中的表达均较一般感染组和正常对照组明显升高(P＜0.05).且在一般感染组和正常对照组中无明显差异(P＞0.05);早期诊断高凝状态的敏感指标依次为CD62P、TpP、Fib、D-D、APTT、PT、TT.而特异指标依次为TpP、CD62P、Fib、APTT、D-D、TT、PT;相关性分析显示:CD62P、与TpP呈明显正相关(r=0.931,P＜0.001).结论 严重脓毒症的早期就存在血小板活化和微血栓形成.2者共同参与了早期的高凝状态;CD62p和TpP均能较常规凝血指标更具早期诊断价值,联合试验有助于提高诊断效率.     

Maximizing the value of colonoscopy in community practice

Gastroenterologists who understand future reimbursement and health care trends are already preparing their practice infrastructure to meet new challenges of transparency and bundled payments. Market-based pressures derived from quality and cost transparency will be sufficient to drive change. Robust measurement and public reporting of results are firmly embedded in some regions of the country and will spread nationally within the next few years. The path is clear for those who study these issues; monitor process measures for internal improvement, push resource efficiency, connect to national registries to demonstrate quality externally, and constantly try to provide a service with the highest health value.     

The role of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal disorders: technique,indications, and contraindications

Flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy have revolutionized the clinical management of colonic diseases. Colonoscopy has a broad range of indications, including evaluating lower GI symptoms such as lower GI bleeding, evaluating abnormal radiographic findings, and screening and surveillance for colon cancer. Colonoscopy is increasingly being used therapeutically. Patient evaluation, patient instructions, and colonic preparation before colonoscopy are essential for safe and efficient colonoscopy. Intravenous sedation reduces patient pain and anxiety during colonoscopy, but requires monitoring by pulse oximetry and automated measurements of vital signs. An experienced colonoscopist can complete colonoscopy in 90% or more of cases, using maneuvers to maintain the colonic lumen in view, straighten the colonoscope, and avoid looping during colonic intubation.     

Role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis

Calcification of normal tricuspid and congenital bicuspid valves is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in industrialized countries. There is compelling evidence that thickening and calcification in aortic valve disease is a complex inflammatory process and not simply age-related degeneration. Both aortic sclerosis and stenosis represent phenotypic expressions of one disease continuum. Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis benefit from aortic valve replacement. However, management in the absence of symptoms remains challenging. While a delay of aortic valve replacement due to lack of symptom recognition may result in a dismal outcome, unselected premature aortic valve replacement may be associated with unbalanced risks of cardiac surgery. Echocardiography is the standard for evaluating the severity of aortic stenosis; however, most of the current echocardiographic parameters have limitations in predicting the onset of symptoms. This review summarizes the current guidelines and the emerging application of echocardiographic techniques in the management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis.     

CD_(62P)和TpP对严重脓毒症高凝状态的早期诊断价值

目的探讨血小板颗粒膜糖蛋白140(CD62P)和血栓前体蛋白(TpP)对严重脓毒症高凝状态的早期诊断价值。方法选取2007年4月~2008年3月本院急诊监护病房(EICU)收治的严重脓毒症的患者入选严重脓毒症组(Ⅲ组),存在感染但未发生脓毒症同期患者设为一般感染组(Ⅱ组),同期门诊体检者或健康自愿者设为正常对照组(Ⅰ组),病例的选取均遵循随机的原则,3组的年龄、性别具有可比性;3组均在入院第1天清晨空腹取外周静脉血测定CD62P、TpP、PT、APTT、Fib、TT、D-D聚体。结果入院第1天,PT、TT在3组中的表达均无显著意义,APTT在严重脓毒症组和一般感染组间的差异无统计学意义,Fib、D-D、CD62P和TpP在严重脓毒症组中的表达均较一般感染组和正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05),且在一般感染组和正常对照组中无明显差异(P>0.05);早期诊断高凝状态的敏感指标依次为CD62P、TpP、Fib、D-D、APTT、PT、TT,而特异指标依次为TpP、CD62P、Fib、APTT、D-D、TT、PT;相关性分析显示:CD62P、与TpP呈明显正相关(r=0.931,P<0.001)。结论严重脓毒症的早期就存在血小板活化和微血栓形成,2者共同参与了早期的高凝状态;CD62P和TpP均能较常规凝血指标更具早期诊断价值,联合试验有助于提高诊断效率。     

The role of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal disorders: endoscopic findings,therapy, and complications

Flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy have revolutionized the clinical management of colonic diseases. Colonoscopy is a highly sensitive and specific test. Colonic diseases often produce characteristic colonoscopic findings, as well as characteristic histologic findings, as identified in colonoscopic biopsy or polypectomy specimens. Colonoscopy is relatively safe, with a low incidence of serious complications, such as colonic perforation, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary arrest, or sepsis. Colonoscopy is becoming more important clinically because of more widespread use of screening colonoscopy for colon cancer, application of therapeutic colonoscopy, and exciting new technical improvements.     

呼出气一氧化氮对哮喘-COPD重叠综合征的诊疗价值

目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)检测对哮喘-COPD重叠综合征(ACOS)的诊疗意义.方法 连续收集2013年9月至2014年6月在暨南大学第二临床医学院就诊的老年ACOS、哮喘、COPD及慢性咳嗽患者共195例,对所有患者均进行胸部影像学、FeNO、肺通气功能及支气管舒张功能检测,分析四组患者间FeNO、FEV1/pred％、FEV1/FVC的差异,以及各组内FeNO与FEV1/pred％、FEV1/FVC的相关性.结果 ACOS组和哮喘组患者的FeNO值均显著高于COPD组及对照组[(30.9±27.8),(34.5 ±29.4) vs.(17.3±9.9,16.1±8.6),P均＜0.05],ACOS组和COPD组的肺通气功能则显著低于哮喘组及对照组[FEV1/pred％,(52.9±8.4,53.5±9.6)vs.(81.1±5.9,85.7±7.1),P均＜0.05; FEV1/FVC,(51.9±7.2,50.7±7.1)vs.(79.2±4.8,81.0±5.9),P＜0.05];除对照组中FeNO与FEV1/pred％呈正相关外,其余各组内FeNO值与FEV1/pred％及FEV1/FVC值之间均无显著相关性[ACOS组,r=0.115,-0.007 (P =0.464,0.963);哮喘组,r=0.038,0.045(P=0.772,0.733);COpD组,r=0.097,0.010 (P =0.498,0.944);对照组,r=0.315,0.091 (P=0.045,0.571)].结论 FeNO与肺通气功能联合应用有助于ACOS与其他慢性阻塞性气道疾病的鉴别诊断;对于FeNO显著升高的老年COPD患者应注意有无ACOS可能,治疗上可使用吸人性糖皮质激素以降低气道炎症.     

Complications of colonoscopy: magnitude and management

Although complications of colonoscopy are rare, they are potentially serious and life threatening. In addition, less serious adverse events may occur frequently and may have an impact on a patient's willingness to undergo future procedures. This article reviews the magnitude of and risk factors for major and minor colonoscopy complications, discusses management of complications, and suggests ways to design quality improvement programs to reduce the risk of complications.     

靛胭脂染色在老年患者常规大肠镜检查中的应用价值

目的提高老年患者常规大肠镜检查癌前病变的检出率。方法对141例常规大肠镜检查阴性结果的老年患者,于退镜时对距肛门30 cm以下肠黏膜进行均匀0.3%靛胭脂染色,发现病变后钳取活检。结果染色后阳性发现83例,共计229处病变,检出率58.87%,均为扁平息肉样病变,直径平均3.09 mm。病理类型包括腺瘤性息肉20例,共65处病变,其中管状腺瘤16例,锯齿状腺瘤4例;增生性息肉24例,共69处病变;炎性息肉34例,共74处病变;腺瘤和炎性息肉并存1例,共3处病变;炎症和增生性息肉并存3例,共14处病变;腺瘤和增生性息肉并存1例,共4处病变。腺瘤性息肉检出率15.60%（22/141）,腺瘤性息肉占全部病变29.69%（68/229）。染色前后累计腺瘤性息肉检出率27.83%（64/230）,与常规检查检出率18.26%（42/230）比较,差异有显著性意义（χ^2=5.93,P〈0.025）。结论对常规大肠镜检查阴性的老年患者进行直乙状结肠均匀靛胭脂染色,可提高癌前病变检出率。     

休克指数对感染性休克患者预后的预测价值

目的：研究休克指数（SI）对感染性休克患者预后的预测作用。方法：研究选入98例诊断为严重感染或感染性休克的患者,记录早期复苏开始时、复苏6h后的情况及6h后的休克指数。然后根据复苏6h后的情况分为A、B、C、D四组。A组为实现EGDT同时SI≤0.7,B组为实现EGDT但SI〉0.7,C组未能实现EGDT但SI≤0.7,D组未能实现EGDT同时SI〉0.7。比较四组之间6h乳酸清除率及预后。结果：6h乳酸清除率A组与其他3组均有差异,B、C两组间无差异,D与其他3组均有差异。A组的28d病死率低于D组,其余组间无差异。实现EDGT目标患者6h乳酸清除率及28d病死率均优于未实现EGDT目标者。SI≤0.7组患者6h乳酸清除率及28d病死率均优于SI〉0.7组患者。结论：感染性休克患者在早期复苏后,实现EGDT组预后优于未实现EGDT组,SI≤0.7组预后优于SI〉0.7组。如能同时实现EGDT目标和SI≤0.7,则预后显著优于其他组。SI能作为经早期复苏后感染性休克患者预测预后的指标。     

中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶在传染性非典型肺炎诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值

目的　探讨中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶 (alkalinephosphatase ,ALP)活性在传染性非典型肺炎 (严重急性呼吸综合征 ,SARS)患者诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法　抽取 138例临床确诊的SARS患者、14 4例除外SARS的其他发热患者和 15 7名正常健康人 (男 80例 ,女 77例 )静脉血 ,制备血涂片。所有血涂片依改良Gomori氏法进行ALP细胞免疫组织化学染色 ,显微镜油镜观察 10 0个中性粒细胞 ,以阳性率和积分记录结果。结果　正常健康人群中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色 (NAP)阳性率和积分中位数均为 10 0 0 ,差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ,P >0 0 5 ) ;非SARS发热患者组、SARS患者组中性粒细胞ALP阳性率 (中位数 )分别为 4 0 0 0、16 0 0 ,积分分别为 5 0 5 0、17 0 0 ,经统计学处理表明 ,不论NAP阳性率还是积分 ,非SARS发热患者高于SARS患者 ,SARS患者高于正常对照 (P<0 0 1)。结论　正常健康人群、非SARS发热患者、SARS患者间中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶存在差异 ,将中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶用于SARS的诊断与鉴别诊断有待进一步观察。