Prospective study of primary anastomosis without colonic lavage for patients with an obstructed left colon.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, left-sided colon obstruction is managed by a multistaged defunctioning colostomy and resection. However, there is growing acceptance of one-stage primary resection and anastomosis with on-table antegrade irrigation. This paper presents a series of patients managed prospectively by primary anastomosis without intraoperative colonic lavage. METHODS: Emergency resection of acutely obstructed left-sided colonic carcinomas was performed. This was followed by primary anastomosis without on-table lavage after bowel decompression using a new technique. RESULTS: Fifty-eight consecutive, unselected patients underwent bowel decompression, resection and primary colocolic anastomosis. Only one patient developed a leak at the anastomotic site, requiring pelvic abscess drainage and transverse loop colostomy. One death occurred 12 h following surgery. Autopsy confirmed that this was due to myocardial infarction. Mean hospital stay was 9.8 days. CONCLUSION: Emergency surgery on the obstructed left colon can be carried out safely after decompression alone, without intraoperative colonic lavage.     

Comparison of one-stage resection and anastomosis of acute complete obstruction of left and right colon

BACKGROUND: Although acute obstruction of the right colon is usually handled by primary anastomosis following resection, many surgeons are reluctant to offer one-stage resection and anastomosis to patients with obstructive lesions of the left colon. The aim of the study is to compare the immediate result of one-stage resection and anastomosis for patients with acute complete obstruction of the right colon versus left colon. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 2003, 214 cases of acute colonic obstruction were managed with one-stage resection and anastomosis by a single surgeon. Eighty patients were operated on for obstructive lesions of the right colon, 71 of them for carcinoma of the colon. Operative mortality was 10% (8/80); all except 2 patients died of respiratory failure. There were 2 cases (2.5%) of anastomotic leakage. One hundred thirty-four patients were operated on for obstructive lesions of the left colon, 127 of them for carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Operative mortality was 1.5% (2/134); both patients died of metastasis from the colorectal cancer following surgery. There were 3 cases (2.3%) of anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSION: This experience suggests that an anastomosis can be performed as safely in patients with acute obstruction of the left colon as in those with acute obstruction of the right colon. Mortality following resection and anastomosis is actually lower in left than right colonic obstruction. Neither intraoperative irrigation nor routine subtotal colectomy was found to be necessary in patients with acute colonic obstruction. Intraoperative decompression should be considered in left and also right colonic obstruction prior to the anastomosis following colonic resection.     

One stage procedure in the management of acute sigmoid volvulus without colonic lavage.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing acceptance of one-stage primary resection and anastomosis of left-sided colon obstruction with on-table antegrade colonic lavage to reduce the risk of post-operative infectious complications and anastomotic dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of single-stage resection and anastomosis for acute left-sided colonic obstruction due to acute sigmoid volvulus, without intraoperative colonic lavage, in a consecutive series of patients admitted to our department. METHODS: Emergency resection of acute sigmoid volvulus was performed by an experienced senior surgeon (consultant grade). This was followed by primary anastomosis without on-table colonic lavage after a manual decompression. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients underwent bowel decompression, resection and primary colorectal anastomosis. Two of the patients who had ileosigmoid knotting and gangrenous bowel had double resection with primary ileoileal and colorectal anastomosis. There were two superficial wound infections. No death or clinical anastomotic failure were recorded in this series. The mean hospital stay was 10.3 days. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that resection of acute sigmoid volvulus and primary anastomosis after decompression alone can be carried out safely in reasonably fit patients.     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻I期手术的治疗分析

目的探讨术中结肠灌洗在左半结肠癌并急性梗阻性Ⅰ期切除吻合术中的应用。方法 对收治的38例急性梗阻性左半结肠癌患者,分为灌洗组和对照组。灌洗组采用术中结肠灌洗后,再行Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术。对照组术中不采用结肠灌洗行Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术。对治疗效果及并发症进行分析。结果灌洗组患者治疗时间短、费用低、效果好、并发症少。结论术中结肠灌洗行Ⅰ期左半结肠切除吻合术安全、可靠。     

一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻临床疗效观察（附46例报告）

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术的安全性及其临床应用.方法 对46例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者行一期肠切除肠吻合术,术中进行有效的结肠减压及清洁灌洗,术后观察疗效.结果 有31例患者左半结肠恶性梗阻患者经保守治疗肠梗阻缓解改限期手术行一期肠切除吻合术,其余15例患者一般情况较好,经全结肠灌洗后一期肠切除吻合术,所有手术均顺利完成,术后并发切口感染8例（17.4％）,吻合口漏4例（8.7％）,经保守治疗痊愈.结论 左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的.     

Intraoperative colonic irrigation in emergency colorectal surgery

Bowel preparation is frequently impossible in various acute colonic diseases, such as left-sided colonic obstruction. The goal of intraoperative colonic irrigation is to obtain, during surgery, a bowel preparation offering the possibility of primary resection with immediate anastomosis, when pre-operative bowel preparation has not been feasible. Technical aspects of intra-operative colonic irrigation are described. Indications for this method are presented: left-sided obstructing carcinomas, diverticulitis, more rarely inflammatory stenosis or functional obstruction.     

The intraoperative colonic irrigation in emergency surgery

Bowel preparations is frequently impossible in various ante colonic diseases, such as left-sided colonic obstruction. The goal of intraoperative colonic irrigation is to obtain, during surgery, a bowel preparation offering the possibility of primary resection with immediate anastomosis, when preoperative bowel preparation has not been feasible. Technical aspects of intra-operative colonic irrigation are described. Indications for this methods are presented: left-sided obstructing carcinomas, diverticulitis, more rarely inflammatory stenosis or functional obstruction. The surgical management of left colonic emergencies has evolved in the past few decades. Recently, there has been increasing interest in resection with primary anastomosis in selected cases. The post operative mortality rate was 13 per cent. The incidence of clinical anastomotic leakage was 6.65 per cent.     

左半结肠癌性梗阻术中肠道灌洗Ⅰ期手术的应用

目的探讨术中结肠灌洗在左半结肠癌并急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合中的应用价值。方法对32例左半结肠癌致肠梗阻行一期切除吻合临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 32例中根治性切除29例,姑息性切除3例,均行一期切除吻合。腹部切口感染2例,经换药治愈;未发生肠瘘,无死亡病例。结论在做好急诊手术前准备,恰当的术中术后处理,有效的抗生素联合应用基础及肠外营养支持治疗,左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者行一期左半结肠切除术是安全可行的。     

左半结肠切除术中高渗灌洗液的应用观察

目的 总结在左半结肠切除一期肠吻合术中高渗液甘露醇结肠灌洗的临床效果.方法 我院对31例左半结肠切除患者,术中依次行生理盐水、甲硝唑和20%甘露醇结肠灌洗,病变切除再行一期肠吻合.结果 除3例切口感染外,其余病例均在4～5天后开始进食,未发生吻合口瘘,痊愈出院.结论 左半结肠梗阻性病变需行结肠切除时,采用生理盐水、甲硝唑和甘露醇结肠灌洗,再行一期吻合术,术后肠功能恢复快,可防止吻合口瘘的发生.     

老年人左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合疗效观察(附46例报告)

目的 探讨老年人左半结肠癌急性肠梗阻行I期切除吻合手术的临床疗效.方法 对46例老年左半结肠癌急性梗阻患者行急诊I期切除吻合术,术中充分肠道减压和结肠灌洗使肠道空虚、清洁、吻合口双层缝合.结果 无死亡病例,肺部感染6例,切口感染5例,其中2例切口裂开,吻合口瘘2例.结论 左半结肠癌急性梗阻,只要严格掌握手术指征,I期手术是安全有效的.     

One-stage resection without colonic lavage in emergency surgery of the left colon

OBJECTIVE: Intra-operative colonic lavage is a widespread procedure introduced to decompress and clean the colon of its faecal load during emergency surgery of the left colon in order to perform a safe anastomosis. This type of lavage is never performed at our institution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and acceptability of emergency left-sided colectomy without colonic lavage in a consecutive series of patients admitted at our department for perforation and obstruction of the left colon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 44 patients (29 with obstruction and 15 with perforation) on whom a one-stage left-sided colon resection was performed without colonic lavage between January 1998 and June 2004 were evaluated in a retrospective review. During this period all patients with acute disease of the left colon underwent a one stage resection without colonic lavage. The only exclusion criteria for anastomosis were: haemodynamic instability, ASA > 3, unresectable tumour. Death, anastomotic leakage and wound infection were main outcome measures. RESULT: The leak rate was 4.5% and mortality 2.3% due to one case of postoperative myocardial infarction. A 16% morbidity rate was recorded due to 4 wound infections and 3 minor complications. CONCLUSION: The procedure is safe. The low morbidity and mortality of one stage resection without colonic lavage can justify future prospective studies enrolling a large number of patients to compare its results with those obtained by one stage resection with colonic lavage.     

一期切除术在急性大肠梗阻中的应用

作者报告了手术治疗急性大肠梗阻２８３例，其中结直肠癌引起的梗阻２５５例，良性病变引起的梗阻２８例。行一期切除术２０１例，其中行一期切除近端结肠造口二期肠造口闭合术４４例，一期切除吻合术１５７例。行分期手术５２例。术后生存率一期切除术优于分期手术。作者认为：（１）左侧结直肠癌梗阻情况允许时应尽量争取一期切除术，条件许可时行一期吻合术，如不能吻合则行近端结肠造口二期肠造口闭合术，一期切除吻合加保护性横结肠造口术不宜采用；（２）术中结肠灌洗对左侧结肠梗阻一期切除吻合具有重要意义；（３）结肠次全切除术适合于横结肠左侧至降结肠部位的梗阻。     

自制灌洗器在左半结肠癌梗阻一期切除吻合术中的应用

目的 探讨自制灌洗器在左半结肠癌梗阻一期切除吻合术中的应用.方法 回顾性分析自2005年1月至2010年10月间使用自制灌洗器术中灌洗一期切除吻合治疗左半结肠肿瘤合并肠梗阻32例的临床资料.结果 本组无手术死亡(术后30 d内)病例,术后发生切口感染1例(3.12%).结论 左半结肠癌梗阻结合自制灌洗器术中灌洗一期切除...     

Preoperative colonic lavage and one-stage excision-anastomosis in obstruction of the left colon

In a retrospective series of 95 patients requiring emergency surgery for distal colonic obstruction, primary bowel resection followed by immediate anastomosis after intraoperative colonic irrigation was performed. Carcinoma was the cause of obstruction in 81 cases (85%); 13 patients had diverticulitis, and 1 had sigmoid volvulus. The technique of on-table lavage was similar to that described by Dudley in 1980: a caecostomy tube was used in 86 patients (90%) and was removed on the tenth postoperative day. 4 patients died, none from complications of anastomotic leakage. There were three anastomotic leakages (3.1%) and 10 radiologic leaks were observed. 3 patients were reoperated. The mean hospital stay was 23 days. The results of this study suggest that intraoperative colonic irrigation is an effective method, enabling the surgeon to perform primary anastomosis with reasonable safety after emergency resection of selected distal colonic lesions.     

左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻16例一期切除治疗体会

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合术的安全性及临床应用体会。方法 回顾分析2008年7月至2011年5月我科收治的左侧结肠癌并急性肠梗阻16例患者的临床资料。所有患者应用术中结肠减压灌洗并一期切除吻合,结合术后应用抗生素及全胃肠外营养等综合治疗。结果 16例患者中,行一期根治性切除吻合术15例,姑息性切除1例。所有患者全部治愈,无吻合口瘘,腹腔脓肿等并发症发生,仅一例发生术后切口感染,经换药治疗痊愈。结论 正确把握手术适应症,术中有效地的肠道灌洗,重视围术期综合治疗,左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻患者行一期根治性切除吻合是一种安全可行的手术方式,值得临床应用推广。     

One-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer

Large bowel obstruction is due to colorectal carcinoma in 90% of cases. The optimal management of obstructing left colonic carcinoma is still a controversial matter. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the indications for one-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer. Over the period from January 1998 to June 2001, 17 patients were operated on in our department for obstructing colorectal cancer. Twelve patients underwent a one-stage emergency operation by immediate anastomosis without diversion, while five patients were managed palliatively. We performed resection and primary anastomosis following intraoperative irrigation in obstructing sigmoid cancer lacking colonic wall lesions, while subtotal colectomy was carried out in cases of massively distended colon with ischaemic lesions and in patients with good anal continence. Colostomy treatment was indicated only in high-risk patients with unresectable lesions. The authors believe that, in cases of obstructing left colorectal cancer, an experienced, skilled surgeon can perform one-stage resection and anastomosis on patients in good general condition. On the other hand, a defunctioning colostomy may be ideal for surgeons with little experience in colorectal surgery and in patients with a very poor prognosis.     

左半结肠癌梗阻急诊一期切除吻合术中两种肠道清洁方式的比较

目的探讨左半结肠急性恶性梗阻选择性一期切除吻合的简单、有效的术中肠道准备方式。方法 2000年1月至2009年12月收治左半结肠急性恶性梗阻63例,其中行选择性左半结肠一期切除吻合31例。根据术中肠道准备方式不同,把31例随机分为术中肠减压+结肠灌洗16例(A组)、单纯肠减压15例(B组),记录2组平均手术时间,术后吻合口漏发生率、手术感染率及手术死亡率。结果 A组手术时间为(230±20)min,手术感染率为31.3%。B组手术时间为(150±10)min,手术感染率为26.7%,两组均无吻合口漏及手术死亡病例。两组比较,平均手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.01),手术感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单纯充分肠减压在左半结肠急性梗阻选择性一期切除吻合的应用,是一种简单、有效、安全的术中肠道准备方式。     

术中肠腔减压在左半结肠癌肠梗阻一期切除吻合术中的临床应用

目的探讨左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便减压一期切除吻合术的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析2000年1月至2010年3月间对45例左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者行术中排便或/和灌洗一期切除吻合术的临床病理资料,并与同期行Hartmann术的28例左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者的临床疗效进行比较。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、基础疾病、肿瘤部位、分期等方面差异无统计学意义。术中一期切除吻合组与Hartmann术组并发症发生率分别为26.7%和28.6%（P=0.682）;手术死亡率分别为2.2%和3.6%（P=0.351）,差异均无统计学意义。术中一期切除吻合组总住院时间为（17.1±6.9）d,住院费用为（51087.5±37916.4）元;Hartmann术组首次手术切除和二次关瘘术的总住院时间为（25.7±8.9）d,两次总住院费用为（78624.2±31734.7）元;两组比较,分别为P=0.001和P=0.020,差异有统计学意义。结论严格掌握手术适应证和基本操作,对左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便减压一期切除吻合术是可行的、安全的。     

Surgical Options for Malignant Left-Sided Colonic Obstruction

Purpose We evaluated the clinical results of different techniques of resection for malignant left-sided colonic obstruction.Methods The subjects of this prospective nonrandomized study were 63 consecutive patients who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2000 at a single institution. Patients with nonprimary colonic tumors, lesions located proximally to splenic flexure, peritonitis, perforation, or cecal necrosis were excluded.Results Segmental colectomy with primary anastomosis (CPA) was performed in 35 patients; with intraoperative colonic irrigation (ICI) in 19, and without ICI in 16. Total or subtotal colectomy (TSC) was performed in 8, and Hartmanns procedure (HP) was performed in 20. There were no differences in age, sex, comorbidity, time of symptoms, preoperative hospital stay, or tumor staging among the groups of patients defined by the different surgical techniques. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 43%; postoperative mortality, 5%; anastomotic dehiscence, 12%; urgent reoperations, 12%; and readmissions, 5%, without significant differences among the treatment groups. However, the postoperative and total hospital stay were significantly shorter after ICI (P = 0.016 and P = 0.012, respectively). The overall 5-year survival was 42.7%.Conclusions We think that segmental colectomy with anastomosis after intraoperative colonic irrigation is the most effective operative treatment for neoplastic left-sided colonic obstructions, considering its safety and cost-effectiveness.     

Long tube for obstructing left-sided colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Obstructing left-sided colon cancer is now managed by immediate resection and primary anastomosis using intraoperative mechanical bowel irrigation. The aim of this study was to describe our new technique using a long tube for preoperative bowel decompression and intraoperative antegrade irrigation. METHODS: A long nasointestinal tube was inserted and a balloon was inflated with distilled water. The tube gradually went forward to the ileum end by peristalsis, and the small intestine became fully decompressed. At operation, antegrade colonic irrigation with warm saline was performed through this long tube without insertion of a Foley catheter. RESULTS: Immediate colonic resection and primary end-to-end anastomosis using layer-to-layer interrupted sutures was successfully performed in 4 patients with obstructing sigmoid colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This method avoids opening and closure of the cecum or ileum, and minimizes bacterial contamination. The technique is simple and easy, and useful for immediate resection and primary anastomosis of obstructing left-sided colon cancer.