三组新生儿的诱发性耳声发射的检测分析

目的　研究新生儿的畸变产物耳声发射 (DPOAE)和瞬态诱发耳声发射 (TEOAE)的特点 ,评价其在新生儿听力筛选中的作用。方法　应用Capella耳声发射分析仪对正常新生儿组、剖腹产儿组、新生儿监护病房组三组新生儿进行DPOAE、TEOAE检测。结果　得出正常新生儿的诱发性耳声发射 (EOAE)的正常参考值和正常新生儿的DPOAE图 ;三组新生儿EOAE筛查的通过率分别为 96.1% (12 3 / 12 8)、90 .8% (10 9/ 12 0 )、81.6% (93 /114 ) ,其中新生儿监护病房组的通过率与前两组比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;各组间DPOAE与TEOAE的筛查通过率差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;正常新生儿与剖腹产儿的DPOAE的幅值和信噪比差异无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5)。结论　在病房内 (非隔音 )进行听力筛选时 ,可明显降低假阳性率 ;剖腹产因素对新生儿耳声发射未见影响 ;对高危新生儿进行听力筛选更有意义     

正常出生新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射与畸变产物耳声发射听力筛查结果比较

目的 探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)和畸变产物耳声发射(distortion products otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE)用于新生儿听力筛查特点,为正常出生新生儿听力筛查方法的选择提供参考.方法 于出生后48~72小时,对1 062例正常出生的新生儿分别使用TEOAE和DPOAE进行听力初筛,其中135例未通过初筛者,在42天龄左右,同时进行TEOAE和DPOAE复筛;复筛未通过者3月龄左右进行诊断型听性脑干反应测试. 结果 1 062例新生儿中TEOAE初筛未通过率为11.02%(117/1 062),DPOAE未通过率为13.65%(145/1 062);135例进行了复筛,TEOAE和DPOAE未通过率分别为17.78%(24/135)和20.74%(28/135),DPOAE初、复筛未通过率均高于TEOAE,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);TEOAE和DPOAE在初筛和复筛中的一致率分别为96.04%和95.56%,kappa值分别为0.817和0.857.在初筛中TEOAE每耳的平均测试时间为24±25 s,DPOAE为40±34 s;在复筛中TEOAE为52±41 s,DPOAE为73±62 s,配对样本t检验显示两种方法的测试时间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).复筛的135例中,共有7例(10耳)最终被诊断为不同程度的传导性听力损失(9耳)及感音神经性听力损失(1耳),这10耳TEOAE和DPOAE初、复筛均未通过. 结论 作为正常出生新生儿的听力筛查方法,TEOAE较DPOAE未通过率低,耗时少;作为新生儿听力筛查工具,TEOAE可能比DPOAE有优势.     

听力正常耳鸣与诱发性耳声发射的关系

目的:分析听力正常的耳鸣患者的耳蜗功能,探讨耳鸣的客观检查手段。方法:对听力正常的单侧 耳鸣患者50例(50耳,耳鸣1组)、听力正常的双侧耳鸣患者23例(46耳,耳鸣2组)和正常人34例(68耳,对照 组)进行瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)和畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)。耳鸣1、2组同时进行耳鸣频率匹配检查, 并分析在TEOAE及DPOAE测试结果中有无相应表现。结果:①TEOAE通过率,耳鸣1组为64.0%,耳鸣2组 为91.3%,对照组为100%(1组P<0.01,2组P>0.05);②DPOAE通过率,3组均为100%;但耳鸣1组在 3.125kHz及8.837kHz的波幅均值较对照组低,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);③耳鸣音调分布为0.25 ～8.00kHz。在TEOAE频谱中及DPOAE听力图中,部分耳表现出与匹配频率相对应的低反应峰或频率成分 缺失以及低幅值。结论:部分听力正常的耳鸣患者已有耳蜗毛细胞的损害;TEOAE及DPOAE可以作为外周性 耳鸣诊断的一种客观检测方法;前者对耳蜗性耳鸣的早期诊断敏感而直观,而后者适用于耳鸣的频率分析。     

普通病房环境中TEOAE与DPOAE新生儿听力筛查的对比研究

自2002年08月卫生部基层卫生和妇幼保健司颁布《新生儿疾病筛查管理办法》以来,新生儿普遍听力筛查作为新生儿疾病筛查的重要组成部分,在全国范围内广泛推广。目前各地进行新生儿听力筛查的环境不一,主要在病房筛查,少数地方有电声屏蔽室。临床常用的耳声发射筛查方式为瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）和畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）。但两者在普通病房环境下应用差别国内很少报道。本文主要对TEOAE和DPOAE筛查中的相关指标进行了对比研究,现报道如下。     

一家系遗传性进行性感音神经性聋耳声发射测试分析

目的 :探讨耳声发射 ( OAE)测试对遗传性进行性感音神经性聋的诊断意义。方法 :对一家系 6代中 5 4例 ( 10 8耳 )和 5 0例正常人进行了纯音测听、瞬态诱发耳声发射 ( TEOAE)和畸变产物耳声发射 ( DPOAE)测试 ,了解其耳蜗功能。结果 :本家系纯音听阈 >2 0 d B HL组中 ,84%出现 TEOAE反应幅度下降或消失 ,82 %出现DPOAE振幅下降或消失 ;纯音听阈正常组中 ,75 %出现 TEOAE反应幅度下降 ,6 4%出现 DPOAE某个频率的振幅下降或缺失 ;对照组 TEOAE和 DPOAE的检出率均为 10 0 %。结论 :OAE测试有助于遗传性进行性感音神经性聋的早期诊断     

自觉听力正常的后循环缺血患者纯音听阈与耳声发射结果分析

目的：探讨自觉听力正常的后循环缺血（posterior circulation ischemia ,PCI）患者的纯音测听和耳声发射的结果及临床意义。方法选择经临床确诊为PCI且自觉听力正常的患者40例（80耳）作为实验组,健康成年人30例（60耳）作为对照组,两组均行纯音测听、瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）和畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）检查,对结果进行统计学分析。结果 PCI组125～8000 Hz各频率气导听阈与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;PCI组的TEOAE检出率（47．5％,38／80）低于对照组（95．0％,57／60）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;PCI组DPOAE各频率检出率、幅值均低于健康对照组（P＜0．05）,尤以高频区明显（P＜0．01）。结论后循环缺血可以影响耳蜗的血液供应,导致常规纯音测听难以发现的耳蜗功能损害,尤以高频区明显。     

虚证与实证耳鸣的诱发性耳声发射信号特点研究

目的研究虚证与实证耳鸣患者的诱发性耳声发射信号特点,为耳鸣的临床辨证提供客观的参考指标.方法对辨证为虚证(52耳)及实证(36耳)的耳鸣患者及耳科正常的对照组(56耳)进行畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、瞬态诱发性耳声发射(TEOAE)测试,记录两者重复性、反应强度与信噪比,比较其组间差异性.结果虚证与实证耳鸣患者的TEOAE重复性与信噪比均有不同程度下降,实证DPOAE信噪比在1～2kHz可无下降,而虚证耳鸣在此频段DPOAE信噪比下降.结论初步阐述了虚证与实证耳鸣诱发性耳声发射信号特点,此特点可在一定程度上作为耳鸣辨证的客观依据.     

诱发性耳声发射临床应用初探

对86例(172耳)听力正常和异常者进行了诱发性耳声发射(EOAE)检查。EOAE阈值与主观听阈呈正相关,纯音听阈均值≥50dBHL者EOAE消失。提示EOAE是一种客观、敏感、准确而且快速的听力评价新方法,且对于临床耳聋的鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。     

耳鸣患者听觉传出神经系统功能分析

目的　利用耳声发射技术探讨耳鸣患者听觉传出系统功能。方法　对 2 4名 (2 4耳 )单侧耳鸣患者(其中耳鸣无听力下降者 8例 ,耳鸣伴高频听力下降者 10例 ,耳鸣伴低频听力下降者 6例 ) ,使用ILO - 92耳声发射测试系统 ,观察对侧声刺激对耳声发射的影响。结果　①健康耳自发性耳声发射 (SOAE)检出率为 4 1.7% ,耳鸣侧三组SOAE检出率分别为 37.5 %、2 0 %、33.3% ;②SOAE受对侧刺激声影响主要表现为幅值改变 ,健康侧瞬态诱发耳声发射 (TEOAE)抑制幅度为 2 .1± 0 .8dBSPL ;2 4耳耳鸣耳中 ,16耳TEOAE抑制幅度为 1.9± 0 .8dBSPL ,8耳TEOAE不被抑制 ,听力和耳鸣匹配情况各异。③ 8例听力正常耳鸣耳中 ,3耳畸变产物耳声发射 (DPOAE)对侧声抑制效应明显 ,另 5耳DPOAE反应正常 ,其中 2耳对侧声抑制效应下降。 10例高频听力下降耳鸣耳中 ,8耳受对侧声抑制 ,另 2耳抑制幅度减低同时声衰减试验阳性。 6例低频听力下降的耳鸣耳中仅有 2耳出现对侧声抑制效应。结论　健康耳的对侧声抑制效应与正常人耳一致 ,但耳鸣耳的结果不同 ,提示耳鸣发病机制的多样性     

215例正常新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射测试分析及随访研究

目的：进一步了解正常新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）的特征，为新生儿听力筛查提供帮助。方法：采用ILO96型耳声发射仪，对出生后0（出生当天）-8d的215例（425耳）正常新生儿进行TEOAE测试，并跟踪随访结果：TEOAE总检出率为89%，检出率与检测时的天龄有一定的关系。新生儿出生后0-3d检出率平均为72%，4-8d为97%，分娩方式，左右耳，孕龄36至41周间的差异对检出率无明显影响；女性的检出率显著高于男性，快速扫描较TEOAE测试敏感，经随访确诊有1耳听力损害。结论：新生儿听力筛查应在出生后≥4d出院前进行；分娩方式对耳蜗功能无明显影响；人耳蜗毛细胞的成熟是在怀孕36周以前；快速扫描不能代替TEOAE测试；对于1耳或双耳未检出TEOAE的受测者必须跟踪随访和复检，并结合ABR测试尽早确诊。     

Clinical investigation on spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) in 447 ears

OBJECTIVES: It is known that spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) is often observed in normal hearing ears, but concrete clinical application of SOAE test has been rarely reported, compared with transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests. In addition, there have been a variety of opinions concerning laterality of SOAE, and influence of gender and hearing on SOAE. The reason for this may be that each report has the small number of subjects and lacks in statistical power. Therefore, in the present study, SOAE, TEOAE and DPOAE were measured in 447 ears of subjects at various ages with different hearing level, and statistical analysis was performed to investigate the clinical significance of SOAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 447 ears in 268 patients (268 ears in females, and 179 ears in males). The age of subjects ranged from 0 to 75 years (mean: 30.8 years), and there were 222 left and 225 right ears. The subjects of schoolchildren or older (414 ears) received pure-tone audiometry, and infants (33 ears) received auditory brain-stem response (ABR). SOAE and TEOAE were measured using ILO88 (Otodynamics, Version 4.20). DPOAE was measured using ILO92 (Otodynamics, Version 1.32). RESULTS: Incidence of SOAE and the number of SOAE per ear were high in the subjects at age of 50 years or younger, in those with hearing level of not more than 30 dB, in the right ear, and in females. Incidence of SOAE in the whole of normal hearing ears was approximately 38%, but the ears with SOAE had almost normal hearing of not more than 30 dB. CONCLUSIONS: SOAE is useful for objective hearing assessment. Moreover, SOAE sometimes appeared in the ears in which TEOAE or DPOAE could not be confirmed, and it might be useful for definite diagnosis of disease state to measure SOAE in addition to TEOAE or DPOAE.     

耳声发射异常听性脑干反应正常的婴幼儿听力学分析

目的 探讨听力筛查异常而听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)正常的婴幼儿的听力学特点.方法 以瞬态声诱发性耳声发射听力筛查未通过而ABR正常的新生儿及婴幼儿53例(81耳)作为研究对象,对比各项听力检查结果,分析ABR与其他检查(40 Hz听觉相关电位、听觉稳态诱发反应、畸变产物耳声发射、鼓室声导抗及声反射)之间的相互关系.结果 81耳中所有检查结果均正常18耳(22.2%);其中至少有一项检查异常共63耳(77.8%).40Hz听觉相关电位和听觉稳态诱发反应分别测试36耳和45耳,异常分别为14耳(38.9%)和27耳(60.0%);畸变产物耳声发射测试68耳,异常50耳(73.5%);鼓室声导抗测试50耳,异常9耳(18.0%);声反射测试47耳,异常27耳(57.4%).结论 单纯以ABR作为婴幼儿听力正常的判断标准尚存在不足,综合的听力学评估非常有必要.     

耳声发射应用于新生儿听力筛选的研究

目的 研究瞬态诱发耳声发射（ｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔ ｅｖｏｋｅｄ ｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ，ＴＥＯＡＥ）产畸变产物耳声发射（ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ，ＤＰＯＡＥ）应用于新生儿听力筛选的可行性，控诉听力筛选的标准。方法 应用Ｃｅｌｅｓｔａ５０３型耳声发射分析仪对１０８名新生儿（２１６耳）进行ＴＥＯＡＥ和ＤＰＯＡＥ听力筛选，与听性脑     

纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者诱发性耳声发射分析

目的:对纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者进行诱发性耳声发射分析,以早期发现这些患者的耳蜗损害.方法:采用丹麦Madsen公司Capella耳声发射仪对纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者43例(72耳,耳闷组)及正常人30例(60耳,对照组)分别进行TEOAE及DPOAE检测,记录和分析各频率DPOAE的检出率、幅值,TEOAE的通过率、反应波信噪比、波形重复性及各频带反应波信噪比和重复性.结果:①DPOAE检出率仅在0.50、0.75 kHz两频点上耳闷组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),其余各频率点差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②TEOAE通过率对照组为100%,耳闷组为90.28%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(X2=6.16,P＜0.05);③与对照组相比,纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者各频率DPOAE的幅值、TEOAE的反应波信噪比、波形重复性及各频带反应波信噪比和重复性均降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:部分纯音听阈正常的耳闷患者已存在耳蜗外毛细胞的损害,利用诱发性耳声发射的方法可在其听力损失出现之前早期发现此类病变.     

不同环境对正常青年人诱发性耳声发射检测的影响

目的 研究正常青年人在隔音和非隔音环境下的瞬态诱发耳声发射（TEOAE）和畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）,探讨环境噪声对耳声发射的影响,为临床应用提供参考。方法 应用Capella耳声发射仪对正常听力青年人102耳分别在隔音和非隔音环境下记录DPOAE和TEOAE。结果 两种环境下DPOAE的幅值无显著差异,信噪比（S/N－ratio）、叠加次数、扫描时间有显著性差异;ＴＥＯＡＥ的幅值、信噪比、相关系数（Ｃorr)、叠加次数、扫描时间均有显著性差异;隔音和非隔音环境下的ＤＰＯＡＥ、ＴＥＯＡＥ的通过率有显著性差异。结论 环境噪声（５５－６５dBSpL)对ＤＰＯＡＥ幅值（除０.5kHz外）无明显影响,对ＴＥＯＡＥ有显著影响;在听力筛选时,尤其是在非隔音环境下应用ＤＰＯＡＥ较ＴＥＯＡＥ准确率高;不但具有频率特异性,且可明显降低假阳性率。     

Effect of high-dose cisplatin on auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emissions in laboratory animals

OBJECTIVE: The role of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) as early indicators of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in three different rodent species--the guinea pig. the albino rat, and the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus)--was investigated. In addition, an attempt was made to determine which of the three rodent species is most susceptible to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity as measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR), BACKGROUND: There have been numerous clinical and experimental reports on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, but to the authors' best knowledge, there has been no comparative report on the short-term effects of cisplatin on OAE measured with commercially available equipment between different rodent species. METHODS: Cisplatin was systemically administered as a single high dose (12 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to all three species, and the ototoxic effects were measured before and 3 days after the injection of cisplatin in the same animals, using ABR, TEOAE, and DPOAE. RESULTS: The ABR thresholds were significantly elevated in the guinea pigs and the albino rats but not in the sand rats. Significant depression of TEOAE energy and DPOAE amplitude occurred only in the guinea pigs. The depression of the DPOAE was greater than that of the TEOAE. The guinea pigs showed the greatest degree of ototoxicity (depression of ABR and OAE). CONCLUSIONS: Among the three rodent species, the guinea pig has the potential to be used as a sensitive animal model in studies of cisplatin ototoxicity. The study also showed that the recordings of TEOAE and DPOAE, in addition to ABR, are sensitive techniques for the assessment of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.     

Diplacusis, hearing threshold and otoacoustic emissions in an episode of sudden, unilateral cochlear hearing loss

Limited data are available on the relationship between diplacusis and otoacoustic emissions and sudden hearing threshold changes, and the detail of the mechanism underlying diplacusis is not well understood. Data are presented here from an intensively studied single episode of sudden, non-conductive, mild hearing loss with associated binaural diplacusis, probably due to a viral infection. Treatment with steroids was administered for 1 week. This paper examines the relationships between the hearing loss, diplacusis and otoacoustic emissions during recovery on a day-by-day basis. The hearing thresholds were elevated by up to 20 dB at 4kHz and upwards, and there was an interaural pitch difference up to 12% at 4 and 8 kHz. There was also a frequency-specific change in transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) level. DPOAE level was reduced by up to 20 dB. with the greatest change seen when a stimulus with a wide stimulus frequency ratio was used. Frequency shifts in the 2f2-fi DPOAE fine structure corresponded to changes in the diplacusis. Complete recovery to previous levels was observed for TEOAE, DPOAE and hearing threshold. The diplacusis recovered to within normal limits after 4 weeks. The frequency shift seen in the DPOAE fine structure did not quite resolve, suggesting a very slight permanent change. The time-courses of TEOAE. diplacusis and hearing threshold were significantly different: most notably, the hearing threshold was stable over a period when the diplacusis deteriorated. This suggests that the cochlear mechanisms involved in diplacusis, hearing threshold and OAE may not be identical.     

听神经瘤的耳声发射观察

目的 观察和分析听神经瘤的耳声发射特点,为评估听神经瘤患者的耳蜗功能和选择保护听力的术式提供参考依据.方法 对20例（22耳）听神经瘤患者行纯音听阈、阻抗、听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR）、诱发性耳声发射（evoked otoacoustic emissions,EOAE）测试及CT和（或）MRI扫描,能引出EOAE的瘤耳检测其自发性耳声发射（spontaneous otoacoustic emissions,SOAE）和传出抑制功能.结果 28.57%听神经瘤耳能引出EOAE,按其畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE）特点分为三型：①“耳蜗型”3耳;②“非耳蜗型”2耳;③“混合型”1耳;“非耳蜗型”耳能引出强大的SOAE;能引出EOAE的6耳均有内侧橄榄耳蜗传出系统功能障碍.结论 EOAE可精确分析听神经瘤患者的耳蜗（外毛细胞）功能,部分听神经瘤病人存在“离断耳”现象.耳声发射（otoacousticemissions,OAE）在诊断重度感音神经性聋（包括听神经瘤病人）方面有一定潜能.     

Clinical observations with evoked otoacoustic emissions at Mayo Clinic

Clinical applications of transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) measures began in 1989 at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Normative data indicates: a) greater TEOAE level for women and right ears beginning in the teen years, b) mean TEOAE levels remain relatively stable through the first seven decades of life, c) between subject EOAE level variability for normal hearing adults is high (up to about 30 dB) while within subject variability is low (about 4 dB), suggesting EOAEs should not be used to estimate pure-tone thresholds but are valuable in monitoring hearing status. Good frequency specificity of TEOAEs is demonstrated across high frequency hearing loss. Examples of TEOAEs in differential diagnosis are provided for cases of sudden hearing loss, auditory neuropathy and eighth nerve tumors including pre and post operative testing assessing changes in auditory function related to surgical procedures. Finally, our experience with TEOAEs in newborn hearing screening is described.