塞来昔布对N-丁基-N-（4-羟丁基）亚硝基胺所诱导的SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤环氧化酶-2表达的影响

目的探讨N-丁基-N-（4-羟丁基）亚硝基胺（BBN）所诱导的膀胱肿瘤的环氧化酶-2（COX-2）的表达以及不同剂量的环氧化酶-2的抑制剂塞来昔布对BBN所诱导的SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤的COX-2的表达是否存在差异。方法本实验将SD大鼠随机分成3组,3组均以BBN为致癌剂诱发SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤的生长。同时,其中的两个实验组另外喂以不同剂量的塞来昔布（每千克饮用水中500mg塞来昔布、每千克饮用水中1000mg塞来昔布）,20周停药,30周后处死动物,观察不同剂量的塞来昔布对COX-2表达的影响及COX-2的表达与膀胱癌的病理分级的关系。结果不同剂量塞来昔布对COX-2的表达未产生差异（P〉0．05）。尚不能认为COX-2的表达与膀胱肿瘤的病理分级有关（P〉0．05）。结论塞来昔布可能通过COX-2非依赖途径对BBN所诱导的SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤发挥抑制作用。     

重组别藻蓝蛋白对小鼠H22肿瘤生长及COX-2、VEGF和PCNA表达的影响

目的观察重组别藻蓝蛋白（rAPC）对接种H22细胞小鼠的肿瘤生长及环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响,并初步探讨其可能的机制。方法昆明小鼠随机分为5组（n=10）,即模型组,rAPC低、中、高剂量组（25、50、100mg·kg-1·d-1）,环磷酰胺组（CY对照组）。各组小鼠左前腋下皮下接种H22肝癌细胞,第2天除模型组外,其余4组分别以不同剂量的rAPC、CY灌胃,15d后处死,剥离出肿瘤,称质量,计算抑瘤率;用免疫组化法测定肿瘤组织中COX-2、VEGF和PCNA的表达。结果rAPC低、中、高剂量组小鼠Hzz肿瘤质量增长均较模型组缓慢,差异有显著性（F=8．926,q=3．794～7．684,P〈0．05、0．01）,其抑瘤率分别为25．2％、36．7％、43．1％。rAPC各剂量组COX2、VEGF阳性表达均低于模型组（F=23．651、7．244,q=3．985～11．307,P〈0．01）;rAPC中、高剂量组PCNA阳性表达较模型组显著减少（F=164．380,q=1．513～31．265,P〈0．01）。结论rAPC可以抑制小鼠H22肿瘤的生长及COX2、VEGF和PCNA的表达。     

塞来昔布对实验性结肠癌原位移植瘤生长及环氧化酶-2表达的影响

目的探讨塞来昔布对实验性结肠癌原位移植瘤生长及环氧化酶-2（COX-2）表达的影响。方法使用对数生长期的人结肠癌细胞（HT-29）于裸鼠皮下接种4周形成皮下移植瘤，再将皮下移植瘤组织原位接种于24只裸鼠盲肠浆膜下，制成原位移植瘤模型。术后随机分为对照组（C组）及塞来昔布高、中、低剂量组（H、M、L组）四组，分别给予纯水及含有不同浓度（1．5、1．0和0．5mg／ml）塞来昔布的饮水。饲养42d后处死裸鼠，观察各组原位移植瘤的瘤体积和瘤重，计算抑瘤率。RIA测定瘤组织匀浆上清中前列腺素E2（PGE2）含量，免疫组化检测肿瘤组织COX-2表达。结果24只裸鼠实验期间无1只死亡，成瘤率为100％，比较各组原位移植瘤体积和瘤重差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）。L组、M组和H组的抑瘤率分别为25.30％、38．80％、76．92％，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且存在明显的剂量依赖。干预组瘤组织中COX-2的表达和匀浆上清中PGE2含量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P分别〈0．05和〈0．01），随着剂量增加，瘤组织中COX-2的表达和PGE：含量逐渐降低。瘤组织中PGE：含量与瘤重以及COX-2表达存在显著正相关性（分别为r=0．881，P〈0．01和r=0．825，P〈0．05）。结论塞来昔布通过抑制人结肠癌裸鼠原位移植瘤的COX-2，抑制PGE2合成，从而对结肠癌的生长有抑制作用。     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂塞来昔布对胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨环氧化酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂塞来昔布对胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠的治疗作用。方法构建胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠模型,将成瘤裸鼠随机分为4组,分别给予纯水（对照组）和含有不同浓度（0．05％、0．1％、0．15％）的塞来昔布饮水,观测裸鼠肿瘤生长情况并测量不同时间的体积变化,于治疗28d后处死裸鼠,测瘤体重量,应用caspase-3试剂盒检测caspase-3活性,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤增殖指数（PI）和微血管密度（MVD）。结果治疗组裸鼠肿瘤体积的变化呈浓度依赖性和时效性;治疗28d后,治疗组瘤重量均明显低于对照组[（0．96±0．09）g、（0．78±0．06）g、（0．64±0．07）gvs（1．16±0．12）g,P〈0．01）];治疗组caspase-3相对活性明显高于对照组（0．021±0．002、0．026±0．003、0．031±0．002VS0．006±0．001,P〈0．01）。0．1％组、0．15％组的PI和MVD均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;0．05％组的PI和MVD虽均低于对照组。但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布可显著抑制荷胰腺癌裸鼠的肿瘤生长,其作用机制可能是通过提高caspase-3活性来诱导细胞凋亡,通过抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和新生血管的形成来发挥抗肿瘤效应,在临床上具有潜在的应用价值。     

选择性COX-2抑制剂抑制肺癌生长的实验研究

目的：观察选择性环氧合酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂塞来昔布对肺癌A549细胞在体内外的抑制作用．方法：噻唑蓝（MTr）比色法检测塞来昔布对肺癌细胞的增殖抑制,流式细胞技术检测药物处理后A549的细胞周期,观察塞来昔布对裸鼠A549细胞移植瘤的抑制作用,移植瘤切片TUNEL法检测癌细胞凋亡．结果：塞来昔布对肺癌细胞增殖有抑制作用,IC50为500ummol／L;阻滞G1期细胞进入S期．称量裸鼠移植肿瘤的瘤结节质量,对照组（2．16±0．98）g,药物组（0．98±0．51）g,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,抑瘤率为54．6％．TUNEL法移植瘤切片凋亡细胞染色对照组凋亡指数（AI）为1．6±0．6,用药组为9．5±2．5,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论：塞来昔布在体内及体外均对肺癌细胞表现有抑制作用,将细胞周期阻滞在G1期并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是抑制肺癌细胞增殖的重要机制．     

联合应用塞来昔布在膝前交叉韧带重建术后的镇痛疗效分析

目的观察塞来昔布（celecoxib）对膝前交叉韧带术的术后镇痛效果和安全性。方法选择2001至2006年住院患者，共100例，随机分为塞来昔布组和对照组，两组术前1-2h分别给予对乙酰氨基酚（paracetamol）1000mg、塞来昔布400mg或安慰剂。所有患者的手术关节均接受关节内镇痛和外部冷敷。出院后前14d内，指导患者每6h服用对乙酰氨基酚1000mg、每12h服用塞来昔布200mg或相应的安慰剂。结果恢复室内塞来昔布组患者疼痛较轻者较多于对照组（41／50例比23／50例，P〈0．05），并且术后镇痛的芬太尼需要量少于对照组（0．454±0．15）mg比（0．854±0．22）mg，（P〈0．05），患者术后恶心呕吐的发生率低于对照组（17／50例比38／50例，P〈0．05）。术后14d的疼痛评分塞来昔布组低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论围术期使用塞来昔布能够减少围手术期术后疼痛、阿片类药用量、术后恶心呕吐及恢复室停留时间。塞来昔布可应用于前交叉韧带手术预防性镇痛．     

大肠癌COX-2、bcl-2和caspase-3基因的表达意义

目的探讨COX．2、bcl-2和caspase-3基因在大肠癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组化ABC法检测28例大肠癌和10例正常黏膜中COX-2、bcl-2和caspase-3表达,应用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果在大肠癌及正常粘膜中COX-2的阳性表达分别为82、1％和0．0％,bcl-2的阳性表达分别为75．0％和20．0％,两者在大肠癌组织中的表达率均显著高于正常黏膜（P〈0．01）。caspase-3的阳性表达分别为46．4％和90．0％,在大肠癌组织中的表达率显著低于正常黏膜（P〈0．01）。COX-2、bcl-2和caspase-3均与大肠癌的临床病理特征无相关性（P〉0．05）。COX-2及bcl-2表达与凋亡指数显著负相关（分别为r=-0、563,P〈0．05;r=-0．578,P〈0．01）。caspase-3与凋亡指数呈显著正相关（r=0、714,P〈0．01）。大肠癌高、中、低分化各组间及不同Dukes分期（A、B期和C、D期）各相间凋亡指数无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在大肠癌中COX-2、bcl-2表达增强,细胞凋亡受抑制而caspase-3表达下降,其促凋亡作用减弱,它们参与了肿瘤发生发展的共同通道,在大肠癌的发生和发展过程中起到重要作用。     

塞来昔布对体外宫颈癌细胞株Hela和Siha的抑制作用

目的：探讨环氧化酶抑制剂塞来昔布对Hela和Siha细胞株细胞周期及凋亡的影响。方法：采用细胞培养技术及流式细胞术检测环氧化酶抑制剂塞来昔布对人宫颈癌细胞株（Hela和Siha）细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果：经流式细胞术分析显示，随着塞来昔布浓度的增加，Hela和Siha细胞周期中G0／G1期细胞增多，S期细胞减少，G2-M期细胞比例无明显改变。与塞来昔布（≥25μmol／L）共同孵育72h后，与空白对照组相比PI指数减小（P〈0．05），凋亡率增高（P〈0．05）。流式分析图中可见亚二倍体凋亡峰。结论：环氧化酶抑制剂塞来昔布可抑制体外人宫颈癌细胞株Hela和Siha的增殖、促进细胞凋亡。     

COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布对大鼠脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的 观察选择性环氧化酶一2抑制剂塞来昔布（celecoxib）对大鼠脊髓损伤的保护作用。方法 48只SD大鼠，随机分为单纯损伤组及治疗组。采用改良Allen’s打击法制作脊髓损伤动物模型，分别在伤后12、24、72h测定脊髓标本的丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量。用苏木精-伊红染色观察损伤脊髓组织病理变化，原位末端标记法（TUNEL）标记凋亡细胞。同时采用Tarlov评分和斜板实验观察脊髓神经功能恢复情况，比较各组之间的差异。结果 治疗组较单纯损伤组神经功能明显改善（P〈0．05）。治疗组各时间点MDA含量较单纯损伤组明显降低（P〈0．05），SOD含量明显升高（P〈0．05），病理形态改变较轻且凋亡细胞少（P〈0．05）。结论 COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布可减少神经细胞凋亡，对继发性脊髓损伤起到保护作用。     

黄芪对新生儿脐血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨黄芪（AM）对新生儿脐血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 随机选择30例正常足月新生儿为研究对象，收集并分离脐血单个核细胞（CBMC），体外分别经植物血凝集素（PHA）、PHA联合白细胞介素6（IL-6）、PHA联合AM刺激培养48h，采用丫啶橙-溴化乙锭（AB-EO）染色法测定细胞凋亡水平，间接免疫荧光法测定CBMC中CD38阳性和CD25阳性细胞百分率，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测培养上清液中IL-6的水平。结果 PHA＋AM刺激组细胞凋亡率明显低于单纯PHA刺激组（F=205．91，q=25．16，P〈0．001），PHA＋IL-6刺激组明显低于单纯PHA刺激组（q=24.54，P〈0．001），而PHA＋IL-6刺激组与PHA＋AM刺激组间细胞凋亡水平比较差异无显著性（q=0．62，P〉0．05）。PHA＋AM刺激组CD38阳性细胞百分率明显低于单纯PHA刺激组（F=790．12，q=48．95，P〈0．001），PHA＋IL-6刺激组也明显低于单纯PHA刺激组（q=48．42，P〈0．001），但PHA＋IL-6刺激组与PHA＋AM刺激组间比较差异无显著性（q=0．53，P〉0．05）。PHA＋AM刺激组CD25阳性细胞百分率明显高于单纯PHA刺激组（F=221．38，q=26．60，P〈0．001），PHA＋IL-6刺激组也明显高于单纯PHA刺激组（q=24．86，P〈0．001），但PHA＋IL-6刺激组与PHA＋AM刺激组间比较差异无显著性（q=1．74，P〉0．05）。PHA＋AM刺激组培养上清液中IL-6水平明显高于单纯PHA刺激组（t＇=6．50，P〈0．001）。CBMC经48h培养后，凋亡细胞百分率与培养上清液中IL-6浓度呈明显负相关（r=-0．75，P〈0．05）。结论 黄芪能明显抑制CBMC体外经PHA激活后的细胞凋亡，其机制可能与促进CBMC中胸腺细胞向T淋巴细胞分化、增强脐血淋巴细胞活化和增加IL-6产生水平等有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.