超选择性动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤11例的体会

目的：探讨颈动脉体瘤术前超选择性动脉造影及栓塞的意义。方法：对1995－1999年间收治的11例颈动脉体瘤患者术前行超选择性动脉栓后再行手术切除。结果：经动脉栓塞后再行瘤体切除，术中平均出血量350ml，与未行动脉栓塞组出血量650ml比较，差异有显著意义（P＜0．01）。同时栓塞后的瘤体均可一期切除。结论：颈动脉体瘤术前行超选择性动脉栓塞可明显减少术中出血，提高肿瘤切除率。     

Direct percutaneous embolization of a carotid body tumor with Onyx

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare highly vascular lesions that frequently require preoperative embolization to minimize surgical morbidity secondary to blood loss. Embolization has typically been performed via a transarterial route. However, this frequently results in incomplete devascularization of the tumor due to the complex angioarchitecture of the feeding arteries. Direct intralesional embolization has been used to gain easier accesses to the tumor vasculature and thus increase the likelihood of complete embolization. Cyanoacrylate glue has been the most commonly used embolic agent. The authors present a case of CBT that underwent direct intralesional embolization using Onyx (ev3; ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer). To their knowledge, there have been no previous reports of direct percutaneous embolization of a CBT with this agent.     

颈动脉转流管在复杂颈动脉体瘤手术切除中的应用

目的:探讨在复杂颈动脉体瘤(CBT)手术过程中应用转流管的安全性及时机选择。方法:回顾性对比分析北京大学人民医院血管外科2002年1月—2018年3月收治的Shamblin Ⅱ、Ⅲ型CBT共85例手术患者的临床资料,其中33例应用转流管(转流管组),另52例未应用转流管(非转流管组),分析、比较两组患者的相关临床资料。结果:转流管组中Shamblin Ⅲ型患者比例明显多于非转流管组(P0.05),其他术前一般资料两组间无统计学差异(均P0.05)。转流管组33例均行颈内动脉重建,大隐静脉补片修补9例,因破裂严重行端端吻合重建共24例;非转流管组52例患者中,2例行颈内动脉重建同时颈外动脉结扎, 14例行单纯颈外动脉结扎,6例行颈外动脉重建。转流管组的手术时间、术中出血、短期神经并发症发生率较非转流管组明显增加(均P0.05),但两组在术后动脉狭窄发生率、长期神经损伤发生率无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:复杂Shamblin Ⅱ、Ⅲ型CBT术中采用颈动脉转流是一种安全的治疗手段,不会增加术中心血管系统并发症的风险,同时对长期神经损伤无明显影响。如出现颈动脉破裂可以尽快应用转流管维持颅内血流,可能有助于减少相对的出血及手术时间,同时减少神经不可逆损伤的发生。     

超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效。方法:回顾中日友好医院自2007年4月―2015年9月手术治疗的26例颈动脉体瘤患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、影像学检查、治疗及预后情况,根据是否进行术前超选择栓塞分为栓塞组(9例)和未栓塞组(17例),分析并比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:26例(27侧)共进行26侧手术治疗。与未栓塞组比较,栓塞组平均手术时间(127.22 min vs.158.82 min)和平均出血量(110.00 m L vs.355.88 m L)均明显减少(均P0.05),但两组的手术时间与出血量均随患者肿瘤严重程度(Shamblin分型)增加而成升高趋势。26例手术患者术后颈部肿物均消失,术前伴有疼痛及咽部不适者术后症状均消失,围手术期无死亡及肢体瘫痪,术后神经功能障碍7例(26.92%),均于术后6个月随访时恢复。结论:手术切除颈动脉体瘤安全可靠,是颈动脉体瘤的首选治疗,而术前超选择栓塞可以明显减少出血量,缩短手术时间。     

颈动脉体瘤的无术前栓塞手术切除的疗效分析：附单中心65例报告

背景与目的：颈动脉体瘤（CBT）是临床上非常罕见的疾病,目前外科手术是治疗CBT的金标准,由于该病变血供极其丰富,是否行术前栓塞目前国内外存在争议,支持术前栓塞者认为其可减少术中失血,反对者认为成本和卒中风险大于收益,本文总结我院CBT无术前栓塞的外科手术治疗经验及术后随访结果,为临床无术前栓塞切除瘤体的安全性提供数据参考。 方法：回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院血管外科自2017年1月—2020年1月间行手术治疗的65例CBT患者临床与随访资料（其中2例双侧CBT患者选择第一次手术侧的数据）。肿块大小为1.0 cm×0.5 cm×1.0 cm~8.0 cm×6.5 cm×8.5 cm。患者Shamblin分型分别为I型13例,II型33例,III型19例。 结果：65例患者均顺利完成外科手术切除,其中单纯瘤体切除51例（78.46%）,瘤体切除联合单纯颈外动脉结扎8例（12.31%）,瘤体切除联合颈内动脉、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建6例（9.23%）;术中发现术野内淋巴结的患者行淋巴结摘除;术中失血量为10~1 800 mL,平均247 mL。2例双侧病变者均建议择期行对侧手术。病理检查结果,65例均为颈动脉副神经节瘤。围术期1例（1.54%）出现术后脑梗塞死亡。术后14例患者（21.54%）出现迷走神经损伤症状,表现为声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳;5例患者出现舌下神经损伤症状,表现为伸舌偏斜、吞咽困难。2例颈内动脉重建的III型患者（3.08%）术后随访过程中发现颈内动脉闭塞。 结论：CBT确诊后应首选手术治疗,无术前栓塞情况下切除肿瘤安全有效。     

Bilateral carotid body tumor resection in a female patient

IntroductionCarotid body tumors also called carotid paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from neural crest cells, approximately 3% of all paragangliomas occur in the head and neck area (Xiao and She, 2015); although they represent 65% of the head and neck paragangliomas (Georgiadis et al., 2008).Presentation of caseWe present the therapeutic management of a 65-year-old woman with bilateral carotid body tumors. The patient presented to medical clinic for unrelated signs and symptoms of weight loss, dyspepsia, and epigastric pain. Physical examination showed bilateral non-tender neck masses for which imaging studies were ordered resulting in the diagnosis of bilateral carotid tumor. Surgical resection was staged with one week of distance between each tumor resection.DiscussionCarotid Body Tumors can arise from the paraganglia located within the adventitia of the medial aspect of the carotid bifurcation.Resection is the only curative treatment. Carotid body tumors resection represents a special challenge due to potential neurovascular complications.ConclusionsSurgical resection of carotid body tumors represents a special challenge to the surgeon because of the complex anatomical location of the tumor, including close relationship with the cranial nerves, involvement of the carotid vessels and large vascularization of the tumor. With the advance of diagnosis and improvement in surgical techniques as well as the understanding of biological behavior of tumors, surgical treatment has become a safer alternative for treating these tumors.     

Internal carotid artery reconstruction with transposition of external carotid artery in carotid body tumor resection

The current treatment of Shamblin's class III carotid body tumors includes a variety of reconstructive techniques for the internal carotid artery, ranging from angioplasty to the use of various grafts such as autologous saphenous vein or synthetic shunts. We present the case of a 56-year-old female patient with a carotid body tumor. The diagnosis and therapeutic approach is discussed, as well as the surgical technique and postoperative outcome. In those cases where the carotid body tumor involves the internal carotid artery to the point that its sacrifice is imminent and synthetic grafts are not available, reconstruction of the internal carotid artery with transposition of the external carotid artery is recommended.     

Elective shunt use for easy resection of a carotid body tumor

Carotid body tumor resection has the potential hazards of hemorrhage, cranial nerve palsy, and cerebrovascular accident. The control of intraoperative bleeding during manipulation of the tumor is a critical issue for safe resection. In the presented case with a carotid body tumor, the Shamblin II, a carotid shunt with a dual balloon was used electively. The aim of shunt use was partial isolation of the tumor from carotid arterial circulation in a short time only. Shunt use may facilitate safe and easy resection.     

颈动脉体瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结颈动脉体瘤的诊断与外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析42例(46侧)颈动脉体瘤的治疗情况,包括术前准备、麻醉方法、手术方式、手术效果及并发症发生情况.结果 18例(19侧)患者行颈动脉体瘤剥离术,24例(27侧)行颈动脉体瘤切除+颈动脉重建术.围术期无死亡病例,1例患者发生脑梗塞,10例出现颅神经麻痹表现.随访期间未发现肿瘤复发.结论 手术是颈动脉体瘤的首选治疗,完整地保留或重建颈动脉是手术的关键.     

术中颈内动脉转流在颈动脉体瘤切除中的应用

目的 总结颈动脉体瘤(carotid body tumor,CBT)的临床特点,诊断和外科治疗体会,以及术中颈内动脉转流在切除复杂颈动脉体瘤中的应用及效果.方法 回顾性分析1991年1月至2008年12月30例颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗,其中4例患者采用术中颈内动脉转流的临床资料.患者平均年龄(39.2±2.3)岁,男10例,女20例.左侧15例,右侧14例,双侧1例,平均直径(4.9±0.3)cm.术前经彩超、CT、MRI、CTA等明确诊断.手术方式采用单纯颈动脉体瘤切除16例,颈动脉体瘤切除加颈外动脉结扎10例,颈动脉体瘤切除加术中颈内动脉转流自体大隐静脉血管重建4例.结果 30例手术顺利成功,术后经病理检查结果证实均为颈动脉体瘤,4例患者存在血管壁包膜侵犯.术后并发症:声嘶15例,呛咳11例,舌歪17例,面部麻木2例,呼吸困难1例,吞咽困难3例.4例术中行颈内动脉转流下顺利切除瘤体,术后无脑梗塞.全部病例术后无死亡.结论 颈动脉体瘤首选的治疗方式是外科切除.复杂Shamblin Ⅲ型CBT术中必要时采用颈内动脉转流下切除瘤体是一种安全,有效的治疗手段.     

New predictors of complications in carotid body tumor resection

Objective

This study examined the relationship between two new variables, tumor distance to base of skull (DTBOS) and tumor volume, with complications of carotid body tumor (CBT) resection, including bleeding and cranial nerve injury.

颈动脉体瘤的手术并发症

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤外科手术的经验。方法分析1962—2004年间收治的106例颈动脉体瘤的临床资料,其中53例(50·0%)行单纯瘤体剥除,20例(18·9%)行瘤体连同包绕的颈外动脉一并切除,33例(31·1%)行瘤体及其包裹的颈内动脉以及颈总动脉分叉一并切除。在这33例中行颈内动脉重建26例,颈总动脉或者颈内动脉结扎7例。结果手术死亡2例,死亡率1·9%。术后并发症中,脑梗塞5例,颅神经麻痹46例,占43·4%,其中舌下神经27例,迷走神经主干10例,迷走神经分支如咽支、喉上神经等14例,面神经下颌支2例,交感神经14例。结论颈动脉体瘤因为解剖上的特殊性,手术切除有难度。颅神经损伤的并发症发生率高,而且难以避免。     

Current concepts for the surgical management of carotid body tumor

BACKGROUND: Carotid body tumor (CBT) is a rare lesion of the neuroendocrine system. Chronic hypoxia has long been recognized as an etiology of CBT and other paragangliomas. Recent biogenetic discoveries reveal that mutations in oxygen-sensing genes are another etiology, accounting for approximately 35% of cases, and that these 2 etiologies are probably additive. DATA SOURCES: (1) A retrospective analysis of fifteen cases of CBT in a 6-year period occurring in the mountains of Southern Appalachia; (2) an extensive review of the literature on the surgery of CBT and on the expansive biogenetic understanding of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Improved imaging, vascular surgical techniques, and understanding of the disease have vastly improved outcomes for patients. The necessities for long-term follow-up and appropriate genetic testing and counseling of patients and their families are documented. Surgeon and institutional competence are critical in achieving maximal outcomes.