溶栓治疗对急性肺栓塞患者心电图的影响

目的探讨溶栓治疗对急性肺栓塞患者心电图的影响。方法入选自2014年1月~2014年12月于武汉大学中南医院心内科收治的急性肺栓塞患者65例,男42例,女23例,年龄33~76岁,平均(52.3±11.2)岁。对比溶栓治疗前后心电图变化,包括电轴右偏、右束支传导阻滞、肺型P波、胸前导联T波倒置、a VR导联R波振幅增高、窦性心动过速、SⅠQⅢTⅢ(Ⅰ导联S波Ⅲ导联Q波T波)、SⅠQⅢ(Ⅰ导联S波Ⅲ导联Q波)、SⅠ(Ⅰ导联S波)、Tv1~v5倒置。结果与溶栓治疗前比较,溶栓治疗后电轴右偏、SⅠQⅢTⅢ型、窦性心动过速发生率减少,为23.1%vs.9.2%、53.8%vs.27.7%、49.2%vs.23.1%,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论溶栓治疗能够改善急性肺栓塞患者的心电图指标。     

心电图检查在急性肺栓塞诊疗中的临床意义

目的 探讨心电图检查在急性肺栓塞诊疗中的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析28例确诊的急性肺栓塞患者入院时及溶栓后1周心电图的变化.结果 （1）急性肺栓塞患者入院时心电图的改变：SⅠ＞0.1 mV者15例次（53.57%）,SⅠ QⅢTⅢ型10例次（35.71%）,QⅢTⅢ型3例次（10.71%）,TⅢ倒置16例次（57.14%）,Tv1-v2倒置15例次（53.57%）,Tv1.v3倒置11例次（39.29%）,Tv1-v4倒置8例次（28.57%）,Tv1-v5倒置3例次（10.71%）,T波倒置均呈对称性,完全/不完全性右束支传导阻滞5例次;（2）溶栓后1周心电图的变化：SⅠ变浅,QPS电轴左移,QⅢ减少或消失;Tv1-v2倒置加深或直立变倒置7例,电轴右偏和完全/不完全性右束支传导阻滞消失3例次;窦性心动过速、SⅠQⅢTⅢ型、顺钟向转位、avR终末R波等指标阳性率有所减少,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 急性肺栓塞患者心电图的改变是非特异性的,动态观察心电图典型、不典型轻微改变对筛选急性肺栓塞有一定的帮助.有效溶栓治疗后,胸前导联T波倒置加深可能是右室负荷减轻的一种表现.     

急性肺栓塞患者治疗前后心电图改变及其意义

目的分析急性肺栓塞患者治疗前后心电图改变及其意义。方法选择2010—2013年在我院诊断为急性肺栓塞的住院患者46例,回顾性分析其治疗前后心电图的改变。结果治疗后46例患者窦性心动过速、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、RavR0.06 m V、Ⅰ导联出现S波(0.1 m V)、Ⅲ导联T波倒置、Ⅲ导联出现Q波及T波倒置、Ⅰ导联出现S波和Ⅲ导联出现Q波及T波倒置、V1导联T波倒置、V1~V2导联T波倒置、V1~V3导联T波倒置、V1~V5导联T波倒置、完全性右束支传导阻滞、不完全性右束支传导阻滞、电轴右偏、顺时针转位及肺型P波的发生率均低于治疗前(P0.05)。结论急性肺栓塞患者治疗前后心电图改变具有多变性,但仍有一些特征可循,其对急性肺栓塞的诊断及鉴别诊断、疗效观察具有重要意义,且具有操作简便的特点。     

心脏记忆T波和缺血性T波的对比研究

目的:探讨心脏记忆T波和缺血性T波的鉴别标准。方法:11例置入心脏起搏器的病态窦房结综合征患者组成心脏记忆T波组;40例因不稳定性心绞痛或非ST段抬高型心肌梗死而行冠状动脉介入治疗的患者组成缺血性T波组。记录同步体表12导联心电图,分析各导联T波倒置分布情况并测量校正QT间期(QTC)、QRS波群及T波额面电轴。结果:心脏记忆T波组中肢体导联Ⅰ、aVR和aVL的T波倒置发生率(0%)明显低于缺血性T波组,有显著性差异(均P<0.05)。心脏记忆T波组中,Ⅰ导联T波直立或平坦、aVL导联T波直立、胸前导联中最大的T波倒置幅度(TWIc)大于Ⅲ导联T波倒置幅度(TWIⅢ),上述3项指标同时并存的发生率为91%,明显高于缺血性T波组(2%),有显著性差异(P<0.05)。联合应用aVL导联T波直立、Ⅰ导联T波直立或平坦及TWIc>TWIⅢ指标诊断心脏记忆T波的敏感性为91%,特异性为98%(P<0.05)。心脏记忆T波组的T波平均额面电轴偏离缺血性T波组的平均额面电轴指向(-74±8度vs.131±68度,P<0.05)。结论:Ⅰ、aVL导联的T波形态及胸前导联最大T波倒置幅度是否大于Ⅲ导联T波倒置幅度是鉴别心脏记忆T波和缺血性T波的可靠指标。     

急性肺动脉栓塞与非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征心电图T波改变的比较

目的比较急性肺动脉栓塞和非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者心电图T波变化差异。方法回顾分析8例急性肺动脉栓塞和26例急性冠脉综合征患者的心电图,比较两组心电图特征。结果二者在电轴右偏、肺性P波,SⅠQⅢTⅢ及T波导致方面各有其特异性。结论电轴右偏,肺性P波,SⅠQⅢTⅢ,且Ⅲ和V1导联同时出现T波倒置高度提示急性肺动脉栓塞。     

心电图在急性肺栓塞诊治中的应用

目的探讨心电图在诊治急性肺栓塞中的作用。方法回顾性分析38例确诊的急性肺栓塞患者入院时及溶栓后1周的心电图变化。结果入院时S1〉0．1mV者32例次（84．21％），S1QⅢTⅢ型23例次（60．53％）。QⅢTⅢ型21例次（55．26％），TⅢ倒置29例次（76．32％），Tv1-v3倒置26例次（68．42％），Tv1-v3倒置19例次（50．0％），Tv1-v4倒置15例次（39．47％），Tv1-v5R倒置4例次（10．53％）。T波倒置均呈对称性，不完全性右束支传导阻滞7例次。Sv1-vm粗钝、挫折17例次（44．74％）。溶栓后1周S1〉0．1mV、S1QⅢTⅢ型、QⅢTⅢ型、顺钟向转位、电轴右偏、窦性心动过速、房性心律失常及aVR终末R波等指标阳性率均有减少。差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。溶栓后胸导联T波倒置较溶栓前大多加深。结论急性肺栓塞心电图改变是非特异性的．但如能紧密结合临床、动态观察心电图改变，则有助于诊断急性肺栓塞。有效溶栓治疗后胸导联T波倒置加深可能是右心室负荷减轻的一种表现。     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者ST段抬高Ⅲ导联＞Ⅱ导联的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图抬高的ST段Ⅲ导联＞Ⅱ导联的临床意义.方法按体表心电图Ⅱ导联和Ⅲ导联ST段抬高的波幅高低,将58例首次急性下壁心肌梗死患者分为两组:A组(STⅢ＞STⅡ)39例,B组(STⅡ＞STⅢ)19例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影检查,统计两组患者的临床资料、住院期间严重并发症的发生率及两组梗死罪犯动脉.结果A组患者心肌酶CK-MB峰值(234±65)u·L-1明显高于B组(165±54)u·L-1,统计学有显著差异(P＜0.01);A组患者合并右室梗死、胸前导联ST段压低、并发高度房室传导阻滞、心源性休克和住院死亡的发生率分别为38.5%,43.6%,43.6%,38.5%,10.3%,B组无上述合并症的发生,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01);而性别、年龄、合并高血压病、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症者两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).冠状动脉造影显示A组患者右冠状动脉近段闭塞或狭窄的发生率为38.5%,而B组无一例发生,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);B组患者左回旋支闭塞或狭窄的发生率为42%,而A组无一例发生,两组比较有非常显著差异(P＜0.01);而其他梗死相关动脉在两组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论ECGⅡ、Ⅲ导联ST段抬高的不同幅度,对急性下壁心肌梗死患者的近期预后和梗死罪犯血管有一定的预测价值.     

急性肺栓塞药物治疗前后心电图观察

目的 探讨急性肺栓塞(PE)患者药物治疗前后心电图改变及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析23例PE患者治疗前后心电图的改变.结果 PE经治疗后窦性心动过速、SⅠQ(x)T(i)、胸前导联T波倒置加深、aVR导联出现终末R波增高、顺钟向转位、电轴右偏、期前收缩等心电图指标较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结...     

急性肺栓塞药物治疗前后的心电图观察

目的探讨急性肺栓塞(PE)患者药物治疗前后心电图改变及临床意义。方法回顾性分析23例PE患者治疗前后心电图的改变。结果急性肺栓塞经治疗后窦性心动过速、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、胸前导联T波倒置加深、aVR导联出现终末R波增高、顺钟向转位、电轴右偏、期前收缩等心电图指标较治疗前有明显改善,差异有显著意义(p<0.05)。结论心电图在急性肺栓塞诊断中虽然是非特异性的,但如能结合临床症状并及时仔细观察心电图改变,对急性肺栓塞的诊断有重要意义。     

“两点半”综合征一例报告

患者男性,19岁,平素体健,无器质性心脏病史.1984年8月体检时发现心电图为“两点半”综合征(the half pasttwo syndrome).静息心电图(附图A)示I导联QRS波群的代数和等于0,Ⅲ导联QRS波群主波向上,平均额面QRS波电轴指向 90°;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联QRS波群主波向上,T波均倒置,T_(111)倒置最深,平均T波电轴指向-30°;QRS-     

伴有晕厥症状的急性肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床特点分析

目的 回顾性分析25例伴有晕厥症状的急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者的临床特点及住院转归情况.方法 2011年1月至2015年12月期间北京医院确诊的289例PTE患者,按照是否伴有晕厥症状分为晕厥组和无晕厥组,记录两组患者年龄、性别、危险因素、临床症状、实验室检查、影像学特征、危险度分级、治疗情况和住院转归情况.结果 晕厥组25例,占所有PTE患者的8.7%,其中,男14例,女11例,平均(62.0±14.0)岁.晕厥组和无晕厥组在年龄、性别、基础疾病及危险因素等方面差异无统计学意义;晕厥组中心悸和发绀发生率高于无晕厥组(分别是36.0% vs 13.3%和24.0% vs 9.5%,P=0.002、0.030);心电图检查中,SⅠQⅢTⅢ表现的比例较无晕厥组差异有统计学意义(16.6% vs 2.9%,P=0.001);超声心动图检查中,右心室前后径/左心室前后径>0.6的比例较无晕厥组差异有统计学意义(50.0% vs 27.3%,P=0.034);晕厥组主肺动脉及肺动脉干受累的比例高于无晕厥组,两组差异有统计学意义(55.0% vs 29.8%,X2=5.34,P=0.021);晕厥组高、中危患者的比例要显著高于无晕厥组(76.0% vs 32.6%,X2=18.60,P<0.001).两组的全因死亡率差异无统计学意义(12.0% vs 9.8%,X2=0.12,P=0.730),但晕厥组死于PTE的比例较无晕厥组高(12.0% vs 2.6%,X2=5.87,P=0.015).结论 伴有晕厥症状的PTE患者常累及主肺动脉和肺动脉干,伴有右心功能不全,疾病危险程度更为严重,可能是疾病预后不佳的标志.     

肺血栓栓塞症患者凝血纤溶系统及肺血管内皮功能的变化

目的探讨肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者体内凝血纤溶系统及肺血管内皮功能的变化及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测80例PTE患者(急性大面积PTE组20例、非大面积PTE组60例)、40名正常人(对照组)的血D-二聚体(D-D)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物1(PAI-1)、血浆蛋白S(Ps)、血浆蛋白C(Pc)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)含量;采用发色底物法检测抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性(AT-Ⅲ)。结果急性大面积PTE组患者血D-D、t-PA、PAI-1、Ps、TM、含量分别为(1.46±0.62)mg/L、(11.4±6.9)μg/L、(88.2±27.5)μg/L、(22.40±9.40)mg/L、(6.8±1.1)μg/L,非大面积PTE组分别是(0.92±0.27)mg/L、(6.6±1.5)μg/L、(60.1±26.1)μg/L、(23.90±10.70)mg/L、(6.3±1.5)μg/L,均显著高于正常对照组的(0.38±0.10)mg/L、(4.7±1.4)μg/L、(35.7±9.2)μg/L、(16.10±6.20)mg/L、(3.0±0.5)μg/L(分别P<0.01、<0.05)。急性大面积PTE组患者血AT-Ⅲ含量为(86.0±11.8)%,非大面积PTE组为(90.1±9.0)%,显著低于正常对照组的(102.6±9.20)%(P分别<0.01、0.05)。两PET组患者ACA-IgG、IgM、IgA显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PTE患者存在凝血纤溶系统功能失衡和肺血管内皮损伤。     

急性肺栓塞102例临床分析

目的分析急性肺栓塞患者临床表现及辅助检查结果，提高临床医生对肺栓塞的诊断意识。方法回顾北京协和医院1999年1月至2002年12月间诊断急性肺栓塞并有较完整临床资料的病例共102例，分析这些患者的临床表现及辅助检查结果，包括血气分析、血常规、心肌酶、D-二聚体、胸片、心电图等变化。结果急性肺栓塞最常见的危险因素依次是下肢深静脉血栓形成（30．4％）、手术后卧床（17．7％）、恶性肿瘤（12．8％）；最常见的临床表现依次是气短或呼吸困难（97．1％）、胸闷（87．2％）、心悸（80．4％）；最多见的心电图表现依次是窦性心动过速（59．0％）、胸前导联T波倒置（42．6％）、SⅠQⅢTⅢ（20．0％）；最常见胸片改变是肺部浸润影（36．8％）、右下肺动脉扩张（29．5％）、肺动脉段突出（17．2％）；近1／3患者心电图和胸片无明显异常；90．4％急性肺栓塞患者存在不同程度低氧血症，所有患者都出现肺泡-动脉氧分压差增大；90％急性期患者白细胞总数及粒细胞百分比升高，60％患者血浆心肌酶升高，66％患者血浆D-二聚体阳性。结论急性肺栓塞的临床谱非常广，应注意其诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Transient right axis deviation during acute anterior wall infarction or ischemia: electrocardiographic and angiographic correlation

Eleven patients, three with acute anterior myocardial infarction and eight with anterior ischemia, who developed transient right axis deviation with a left posterior hemiblock pattern during the acute phase of myocardial infarction or ischemia are described (study group). A correlation between their electrocardiographic pattern and the angiographic findings was made. The arteriographic findings were compared with those of a group of 24 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction or ischemia without transient right axis deviation (control group). The main electrocardiographic characteristics of the right axis deviation pattern were: an average shift of the mean frontal axis to the right of 42 degrees (10 degrees to 94 degrees); increased voltage of R waves in leads II, III and a VF and appearance of small Q waves or decreased voltage of Q waves if previously present in the same leads; decreased voltage of R waves and appearance of deep S waves in lead aVL; and inverted T waves and isoelectric ST segments in leads II, III and aVF. Coronary angiography revealed that the study group had a higher incidence of significant right coronary artery obstruction and collateral circulation between the left coronary system and the posterior descending artery than did the control group (100 versus 25% and 73 versus 0%, respectively; p less than 0.01). There were no differences between the groups regarding left anterior descending and circumflex artery disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

狼疮样抗凝物质对肺血栓栓塞症的影响

目的　探讨狼疮样抗凝物质 (LA)与肺血栓栓塞症 (PTE)形成的关系。方法　采用血浆蝰蛇毒时间 (RVVT)测定 38例PTE患者 [PTE组 ,其中急性大面积PTE 17例 (大面积PTE组 ) ,次大面积PTE 2 1例 (次大面积PTE组 ) ]和 30名正常人 (对照组 )的LA比值 ;采用发色底物法检测血浆蛋白C活性 (PC∶A) ;放射免疫法测定血栓烷B2 (TXB2 )、6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)含量并计算TXB2 / 6 keto PGF1α比值。结果　PTE组LA比值在次大面积PTE组为 1 19± 0 10、大面积PTE组为 1 2 8±0 11,TXB2 含量次大面积PTE组为 (2 2 2± 83)ng/L、大面积PTE组为 (2 98± 10 1)ng/L ,TXB2 / 6 keto PGF1α比值次大面积PTE组为 9 99± 5 6 7、大面积PTE组为 18 35± 8 88,PTE两组明显高于正常对照组 (P<0 0 1) ,其中大面积PTE组明显高于次大面积PTE组 (P <0 0 1) ;次大面积PTE组、大面积PTE组的PC∶A和 6 keto PGF1α均明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　LA可导致PTE患者TXB2 / 6 keto PGF1α比值升高、PC∶A降低。PTE的发生与LA比值的增高有关     

Relationship between ECG findings and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is associated with various electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, but the utility of evaluating the severity of PTE based on ECG abnormalities alone has not been investigated in Japanese patients previously. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ECG abnormalities and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in patients with acute massive PTE (AMPTE). ECG examination of 21 patients, who were diagnosed with AMPTE by pulmonary arteriography, found that S(1)Q(3)T (3) was the most frequently observed abnormality (in 67% of the patients), followed by negative T (62%), clockwise rotation (57%), and ST elevation (48%). When these patients were divided into 2 groups based on the level of MPAP, 8 of the 11 ECG findings, which were associated with PTE in a previous report, were more frequently observed in Group H (MPAP >/=40 mmHg) than in Group L (MPAP <40 mmHg). MPAP correlated significantly with the total number of ECG abnormalities (r=0.82, p<0.001). In particular, at least 5 ECG abnormalities were noted in patients with MPAP >/=45 mmHg. These results suggested that the total number of ECG abnormalities in patients with AMPTE can be used to evaluate the severity of APTE, including PAP level.     

Correlation of serum IgE levels with severity of acute pulmonary thromboembolism

We aimed to investigate whether there is a direct correlation of serum IgE concentration with severity of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTINGS: University medical center. Forty-six patients (27 female, 19 male) who were diagnosed as acute PTE in our clinic between 01 October 2000 and 30 November 2001 comprised the study group. Mean age was 55 (range was 20-82). The study group was divided into three groups according to severity of PTE: Group A, submassive PTE without pulmonary infarction (20 patients); group B, submassive PTE with pulmonary infarction (15 patients); and group C, massive PTE (11 patients). Serum IgE concentrations were measured by ELISA method at 1st, 5th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th days, and 120th days, if needed, after the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was made by Post hoc Tukey test. First day serum IgE levels were highest in group B (mean 507.7) followed by group C (mean 324.2), and were lowest in group A (mean 117.2). The differences between group B and group C, between group B and group A, and also between group C and A were all statistically significant (p< 0.5, p< 0.0001, p< 0.015, respectively). 5th day and 15th day results showed statistically significant differences between group B and A, and between group C and A (at 5th day: p<0.0001, p< 0.015 respectively, and at 15th day: p< 0.0001, p< 0.012 respectively). At 30th, 60th, and 90th days of diagnosis serum IgE concentrations were higher in group B than in group A which were statistically significant (p< 0.0001, p< 0.0001, p< 0.019 respectively). Patients with submassive PTE and pulmonary infarction had the highest serum IgE concentrations and the longest duration of high levels of IgE.     

探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入治疗后ST段与血糖和肌钙蛋白T的关系

目的探讨入院时血糖水平对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者PCI术后ST段下降幅度(STR)和肌钙蛋白T峰值的影响。方法首次AMI的412例老年患者,根据其血糖水平分为3组:A组(血糖<7.0mmol/L)156例;B组(血糖7.0～11.1mmol/L)135例;C组(血糖>11.1mmol/L)121例;分析3组患者急诊PCI术后90minSTR与血浆肌钙蛋白T峰值的相关性。结果C组患者PCI术后90minSTR>70%较A组显著减少(17.96%vs51.49%,P<0.01),B组患者PCI术后90minSTR30%～70%与血糖水平的高低差异无统计学意义(P=0.061);PCI术后,STR>70%的患者肌钙蛋白T峰值低于STR<30%患者[(0.033±0.018)ng/Lvs(0.107±0.055)ng/L,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义;logistic回归分析显示,C组肌钙蛋白T峰值升高与血糖的相关性最为密切(r=0.399,P=0.001)。入院时血糖水平与肌钙蛋白T峰值呈显著正相关,入院时血糖水平越高,血清肌钙蛋白T峰值升高越明显。结论入院时血糖升高的老年AMI患者PCI术后,较好的控制血糖对于此类患者有效的心肌再灌注是十分重要的。     

The electrocardiogram in acute pulmonary embolism

Electrocardiograms of 90 patients with arteriographically documented acute submassive or massive pulmonary embolism and no associated cardiac or pulmonary disease were studied. Patients were derived from the Urokinase-Pulmonary Embolism Trial National Cooperative Study. In massive embolism, the electrocardiogram was normal in 6% (3 of 50) of patients. With submassive embolism, 23% of patients (9 of 40) had a normal electrocardiogram. Since one or more of the traditional manifestations of acute cor pulmonale (S₁Q₃T₃, right bundle branch block, P pulmonale, or right axis deviation) occurred in only 26% of patients, one could not rely exclusively upon these electrocardiographic abnormalities for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The most common electrocardiographic abnormalities were nonspecific T wave changes which occurred in 42% of patients and nonspecific abnormalities (elevation or depression) of the RST segment which occurred in 41% of patients. Left axis deviation occurring in 7% of the patients was as frequent as right axis deviation. Low voltage QRS complexes, previously undescribed in pulmonary embolism, occurred in 6% of patients. None of the patients had atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, which appears to occur more typically in patients with pulmonary embolism who have preexistent cardiac disease. All of the varieties of electrocardiographic abnormalities disappeared in some of the patients by 2 wk. Inversion of the T wave was the most persistent abnormality. Larger defects on the lung scan or pulmonary arteriogram occurred in patients with various abnormalities on the electrocardiogram than in patients with normal electrocardiograms. The pulmonary arterial mean pressure and/or right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly higher in patients with several varieties of abnormal electrocardiograms, although the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, in general, did not differ from that in patients with normal electrocardiograms. These hemodynamic correlations, made for the first time in patients, suggest that acute ventricular dilatation, possibly in combination with hypoxemia, is a causative factor of the electrocardiographic changes in acute massive or submassive pulmonary embolism.